Essay: Organisation of healthcare- Introduction: Organisation of healthcare in the UK is primarily managed by the National Health Service (NHS), which was operationalised on the 5th of July 1948, by the then Minister of Health, Aneurin Bevan (1). It was founded under the following four principles: universality, equality, free at the point of delivery, and paid for via central funding (i.e., by taxes and national insurance contributions) (1). The latter point has been criticised by many, but the NHS, continues to this day, to be a publicly funded service that universally cares for people based on their need rather than on their ability to pay (1). This essay delves into the organisation of healthcare, highlighting the importance of each stage …show more content…
The organisations at the national level include NHS England and NHS improvement, and Care Quality Commission’s (CQC); NHS England and NHS improvement were separate boards, however merged together in 2019, in a bid to provide national direction on standards of best practice, quality of data etc. CQC’s main roles are to register care provider’s and monitor their services to protect their users (3). Organisations at the regional level include NHS England and NHS Improvement Regional Teams. They are responsible for funding and resource allocation, policy implementation, performance monitoring etc. 3. What is the difference between a '' and a ''? The local level, however, is made up of commissioners (e.g., Clinical Commissioning Groups i.e., CCG’S, and non-NHS local authorities), providers (e.g., NHS trusts i.e., acute, community, mental health, and other providers of NHS-funded care i.e., GP’s, voluntary sector, social enterprises, private etc. and Primary Care Networks (PCN’s) (3). These local organisations are also then organised in two sectors: sustainability and transformation partnerships/integrated care systems (STP’s/ICS’s), which include commissioners, providers, and PCN’s, and Integrated Care Partnerships (ICP’s), which include providers and PCN’s …show more content…
It is mainly funded by the allocation from NHS England (as mentioned above), and local authority contributions. There are also two ways this funding can be allocated: via assessment, where local health bodies conduct assessments in order to prioritise health needs within the community, and commissioning services, where funds are then allocated to several healthcare providers e.g., hospitals, clinics etc. based on these said priorities (5,6). Hence, the three key responsibilities of the allocation of the local funding of the NHS are service delivery, integration of services, and performance monitoring (6). Evaluation of effectiveness of recent NHS reorganisations: Since the creation of Britain’s NHS in 1948, it has undergone various structural and management reforms, aimed at improving efficiency, patient care, and service delivery, beginning in 1962 (7). These include integration of services, financial efficiency, workforce management, and digital transformation, to name but a
The NHS change model has been selected for this quality improvement. The NHS change model consists of eight dimensions, which are described as a useful tool to enhance change. This model has been identified as being effective in health care organisations, encouraging the use of teamwork to implement systematic improvements.
West College Scotland [WCS] (2010). governmental influences, funding & the mixed economy of care [PDF] Available at West College Scotland, Education Care and Sciences, Health and Social Care Moodle Site; moodle2.reidkerr.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=9566
The NHS began in 1948 as a result of an act of Parliament in 1946, under the guidance of Aneurin Bevan, then a Minister of the incumbent Labour Government, and in response to the Beveridge Report on The Welfare State of 1942. Most hospitals in the UK had previously been operated as non-profit making concerns. About two-thirds of them had been run by Local Authorities (the bodies also responsible for local Fire Services, Schools, Roads etc), with about one third of them run independently as Voluntary Hospitals. With the NHS act, these were all compulsorily acquired and subsequently administered by the State, and all treatments became universally available at no cost at the point of provision, the whole being centrally funded by taxation. From 1948 onwards all hospital doctors, hospital nurses and all other hospital staff became salaried employees of the State.
The changes to health policy and the re-organisation of the NHS in recent years which has led to improve integrated governance, has all developed as a result of the catastrophic failings that occurred in Mid-Staffordshire healthcare Trust. The Secretary of State for health, Andrew Lansley, announced a full public inquiry to parliament on the 9th June 2009 into the role of the commissioning, supervisory and regulatory bodies in the monitoring of Mid-Staffordshire Foundation Trust (Midstaff inquiry online, 2013). This inquiry was led by Robert Francis QC, who proposed recommendations to ensure that similar events do not repeat in future. The Francis report made 290 recommendations which included improved support for compassionate, caring and committed care, as well as stronger healthcare leadership (Health Foundation Online, 2014).
Jim is in a predicament of whether or not he should kill one Indian to save the other nineteen that are tied up against the wall. If Jim decides to kill just one Indian, it would be for the greater good, and could be the correct thing to do. If Jim doesn’t kill any Indians himself, but they all get killed because of Pedro or the captain; then morally, for Jim, it could also be the correct thing to do.
The history of the NHS from being chaotic to having an organised st ructure. The structure of the NHS is divided into local authority and social service, hospital services and general practitioners including specialist care. When the NHS was developed, there was no prediction of how much all the services would cost to run. The government introduced the first service charges for dentures in 1951and prescription and spectacle’s in 1952 this could have been due to everyone needing medical care at the same time. This also suggests that individuals health improved, likely to live longer and would need more services in the future which the government realised would be unrealistic to achieve. Even then, as it is currently, it remains difficult
Leadership, Character, Service, Citizenship. When I think of the NHS, leadership, character, community, and role modeling are all things that come to mind. Being a part of the National Honor Society will help me do just that. I have worked hard for outstanding grades, citizenship, and becoming a leader and role model for other classmates.
The purpose of this essay is to introduce the history of the National Health Service (NHS) and how its formation derived from the early 1600s. It will analyse two current political issues that occur within the NHS, the postcode lottery and the reformation of the NHS, examining the positive and negative effects they have had. It will also discuss implications of regulations within professional practice and how they account for quality of care.
For the UK the government allocates their resources. They are heavily involved in their nation's healthcare system. As for the US, private companies in a free market system allocate their resources. The healthcare system in the UK is command based because it is run by the government. As for the US the healthcare system is market based because it is not run by the
The regionalized model organizes levels of care into primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). Primary care would be general practitioners, who make up the majority of physicians in Great Britain, secondary care would be physicians specializing in areas like internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology and general surgeries (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). Tertiary care specialists include cardiac surgeons, immunologists, and pediatric hematologists, and they work at a few highly specialized medical centers (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). Hospitals are also organized in a similar fashion, with district hospitals serving local communities, and regional tertiary care medical centers providing highly specialized care services (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). While some think that dispersed model of care provides flexibility and convenience, others find the regionalized model of care to be more organized and less expensive (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). I have to agree with the supporters of the regionalized model of care because I would rather have a few different doctors look at me and decide on the best course of action than go straight to the cardiac surgeon. Care should be planned for a patient in a way that the patient only receives services that he or she requires, and organizing our health care delivery model in a different way can help us attain cost containment and ensure that the patient does not get unnecessary
In this essay I will analyse the origins of Community Care and what benefits emerged when the NHS Community Care Act 1990 was established. Later on, I will explain and critically evaluate the effects of privatisation in social care and health.
The NHS was then finalised during 1948, the main role of the NHS was to reduce health inequalities throughout Britain, so that everyone could be treated the same way, whatever their finance stability, job status and location. They believed that this programme should have reduced inequalities throughout Britain. It was created by Aneurin Bevan and Edwin Chadwick but it was successful until the Prime Minister at the time who was Margaret Thatcher accepted the Bill through Parliament. The NHS included the Public Health Acts such as maternal and child welfare, availability for beds in hospitals and General Doctors in local areas. The NHS also included things such as Vaccinations and Immunisations and social work skills such as home helps and also
The NHS was founded on similar principles as Canada- universal, free to a point, equitable and paid by central funding (Grosios et al, 2010). Over the years, the NHS has seen numerous organizational and political changes, but still remains universal and offers care to people who need it and are not able to pay for it. The NHS is funded by national insurance contributions and taxes. The healthcare policy and healthcare delivery is a responsibility of the central government in England, whereas in Wales, Scotland and Northern Island it is the responsibility of the local governments. In the UK, the NHS is composed of two major sections- one which deals with policy, strategy and management and other section that deals with medical care; this department is further subdivided into community care, pharmacy, dentistry and general medical practice. In Britain there are many barriers in seeking specialty care; one has to see a general practitioner first, who is a gate keeper and decides on where and who gets specialty care. It can often take years to bypass this gatekeeper because there are very few specialists in the country. In the past two decades, there has been a major shift in funding moving away from central government to local counties. The UK healthcare center is facing cutbacks in funding and complaints of long waits to see surgeons and specialists is common.
Davis, C; Finlay, L; & Bullman, A. (2000) ‘Changing Practice in Health and Social Care, London: Open University Press
- Organisation and Management of Health Care, April 2002, Version 2.0 , Main Contributor: Katie Enock, Public Health Specialist, Harrow Primary Care Trust www.healthknowledge.org.uk