Have you ever wondered why we have the national holiday “Columbus Day”? This was a result of the popularity of The Chicago’s World Fair. Chicago had a really great World's fair which they worked really hard for.Paris also had a very great world's fair, Chicago’s was better by far. Chicago was thought of as a new city that no one really liked but that was changed by the world’s fair. By inventions introduced, The leadership that The Chicagoans had ,and the impact it had on today .This on Chicago was people actually thought of Chicago as a respectable city instead of garbage. Chicago has been Changed overtime from a city that everyone thought was terrible to a beautiful city people sometimes beg to see.
There were many inventions
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introduced at Paris as well as Chicago’s world fair.The Paris World Fair was in May 6, 1889 – October 31, 1889 and The Chicago World’s Fair was on May 1, 1893 – October 30, 1893 which means that the Paris World Fair was first and people thought that no new fair could top it and when they heard it was Chicago’s Fair then Chicago was doubted even more.This shows that the invention the Eiffel tower was later going to be very famous which it was but then came the Chicago World’s fair which introduced us to the Ferris .wheel.The great fair was originally known as the World's Columbian Exposition that was organized to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landing in the New World. The American engineer George Ferris created a giant, revolving observation wheel to provide visitors with a magnificent view of the fair from the Ferris Wheel Invention.” (http://www.american-historama.org).This states that it was supposed to be a view and something great to look that therefore it made the Ferris wheel very popular because of the size. That is one of the things the ferris wheel and the eiffel tower have in common the size. The Chicagoans showed true leadership because they showed that they can stand together a a city and not have anyone boss them around.Because the Chicagoans had to beat out other cities for the the Fair. “New York City, Washington, D.C., St.Louis, and Chicago had all vied for the honor of housing the exposition, and it was during this vigorous and often vocal competition that Charles A. Dana, editor of the New York Sun, dubbed Chicago "that windy city."(www.chicagohs.org).This shows that Chicago was doubted by many people but unlike the other cities Chicago stuck together so they could prove to everyone that Chicago is not the city to be picked on. This also shows that everyone thought that Chicago would give up and the fair would eventually be handed off to another city but it did not mov. Every Chicagoan pitched in and did everything they could to get the fair which they did. The impact this had on Chicago was this showed people Chicago was not a pushover city and that they deserved to host their own Fair.
This also proved that Chicagoans could fight battles for themselves and don't need anyone to do it for them because the Chicagoans had to fight for the fair.”In the late 1880s, Chicago, St. Louis, New York and Washington, D.C. all submitted bids to host the 1893 fair, but the race was soon narrowed to New York and Chicago. Big Apple financial titans including Cornelius Vanderbilt, William Waldorf Astor and J. P. Morgan pledged to raise $15 million to cover the city’s expenses, with Chicago’s mercantile and meatpacking millionaires Marshall Field, Philip Armour and Gustavus Swift following suit. But when Lyman Gage, president of one of the largest banks in the Midwest, arranged for millions more in financing, momentum swung Chicago’s way and the U.S. Congress, which was in charge of the selection, awarded the city the exposition.” ( http://www.history.com/)But this did involve a lot of hard work from artist architects builders and a lot more. “ Chicago had a really great World's fair which they worked really hard for. But Paris also had a very great world's fair but Chicago’s was better by far. Chicago was thought of as a new city that no one really liked but that was changed by the world’s fair and all the inventions introduced in it and people had a whole new outlook on Chicago because they knew that we would do anything for our City …show more content…
which showed a large amount of leadership .The impact this had on Chicago was people actually thought of Chicago as a respectable city instead of garbage. Chicago has been Changed overtime from a city that everyone thought was terrible to a beautiful city people sometimes beg to see. The Paris World Fair was in May 6, 1889 – October 31, 1889 and The Chicago World’s Fair was on May 1, 1893 – October 30, 1893 which means that the Paris World Fair was first and people thought that no new fair could top it and when they heard it was Chicago’s Fair then Chicago was doubted even more.”The Eiffel Tower, La Tour Eiffel in French, was the main exhibit of the Paris Exposition — or World's Fair — of 1889. It was constructed to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution and to demonstrate France's industrial prowess to the world.Gustave Eiffel, a French civil engineer, is usually credited with designing the tower that bears his name. However, it was actually two lesser-known men, Maurice monument.”(http://www.livescience.com).This shows that the Eiffel tower was later going to be very famous which it was but then came the Chicago World’s fair which introduced us to the ferris wheel. “The Ferris Wheel Invention was an engineering marvel designed by American engineer, George Ferris for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. The great fair was originally known as the World's Columbian Exposition that was organized to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landing in the New World. The American engineer George Ferris created a giant, revolving observation wheel to provide visitors with a magnificent view of the fair from the Ferris Wheel Invention.” (http://www.american-historama.org).This states that it was supposed to be a view and something great to look that therefore it made the Ferris wheel very popular because of the size. That is one of the things the ferris wheel and the eiffel tower have in common the size. The 1893 World's Fair (officially known as the World's Columbian Exposition to honor the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landing in North America) was the fair to end all fairs. It was the fifteenth such exposition in the world, and only the second in the United States. Built on Lake Michigan, nothing about the White City was small; the 40-acre, 230-foot tall Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building was at the time the largest enclosed space ever built. But the scope of its buildings pales in comparison to the legacy of technological progress it left behind.”(http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/).This shows that the Chicagoans were very fortunate to have this Fair while they did earn it they were very fortunate becasue they were only the second state in America to have A World Fair hosted. While Chicago did have a very successful Fair so did Paris. And Paris’s world Fair came first in May 6, 1889 – October 31, 1889.And this was so successful because of the inventions.”The Great Exhibition and its Crystal Palace quickly spawned imitations, eventually leading to a succession of international expositions throughout Europe and the world. Dublin and New York each held international exhibitions in 1853, but the next truly international world's fair took place in Paris in 1855. The French were determined to respond to the Great Exhibition and outdo their British economic rivals, and planning for the 1855 Exposition Universelle began in 1851. Like the Great Exhibition, the first French world's fair celebrated international peace and cooperation, despite the ongoing conflict with Russia in the Crimea. Napoleon III intended the exhibition to showcase the achievements of his new Second Empire, to demonstrate that Paris was the artistic center of the world, and to encourage French industry to become more competitive. The exhibition was also used to strengthen relations with Britain, France's ally in the Crimean War, and Victoria and Albert visited Paris at Napoleon's invitation. A permanent exhibition building, the Palace of Industry, was erected on the Champs-Elysées, where it remained in use until 1897. Although constructed of iron and glass like Paxton's Crystal Palace, it was more traditional in appearance, for its iron frame was hidden by a classical facade.” (http://ic.galegroup.com/).This shows that also like The Chicagoans the French were determined to get their Fair and when they did they did as much invented as much as they could.”Although Dublin hosted a small international exhibition in 1865, the next important world's fair was held in Paris in 1867. The Exposition Universelle of 1867 established Paris as the center of the world's fair movement and significantly changed the look of subsequent world's fairs. Organized by the Saint-Simonian Frédéric Le Play, this was the first world's fair to expand outside of the main exhibition building, which was surrounded by international restaurants, an amusement park, and separate national pavilions constructed by the participating nations. “ (http://ic.galegroup.com/)This hows that unlike the Chicagoans Paris had many fairs and the list goes on and on. “Held to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution, the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1889 produced one of the modern world's great iconic images: the Eiffel Tower, a cast-iron tower that at 300 meters high was the tallest structure ever erected. Cherished today as the symbol of Paris, the naked iron skeleton of Gustave Eiffel's tower was initially seen by many Parisians as a hideous defilement of the city's skyline, by others as an expression of the primitive, barbaric power of industrial society.”(http://ic.galegroup.com/).This proves that Paris also had lots of their inventions presented at there most famous fair which made them one of the forerunners for the best World’s Fair. Paris has had many world's fairs in years PARIS 1855,PARIS 1867,PARIS 1878,PARIS 1889,PARIS 1900. Something that caused serious controversy was the Ferris wheel vs.
The Eiffel tower because both Ferris wheel and Eiffel tower were amazing sites to look at. “ The Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII of England, opened the tower. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffel's was unanimously chosen. However it was not accepted by all at first, and a petition of 300 names - including those of Maupassant, Emile Zola, Charles Garnier (architect of the Opéra Garnier), and Dumas the Younger - protested its construction. At 300 meters (320.75 m including antenna), and 7,000 tons, it was the world's tallest building until 1930.” (http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/).This shows that the Eiffel Tower was a very big contributor to Pris’s sucess.But The Ferris Wheel was a big part o Chicago’s success.” In the late 1890, Daniel Burnham, the eminent architect charged with turning a boggy square mile of Chicago into a world-dazzling showpiece,
a ssembled an all-star team of designers and gave them one directive: “Make no little plans.” Burnham was laboring in the shadow of a landmark erected the year before in Paris, an elegant wrought iron structure rising a thousand feet into the air.” (http://www.smithsonianmag.com/).This Shows that Also like the Eiffel Tower The Ferris Wheel hlped Chicago become the household name it is today. Therefore The Chicago World Fair was a lot better then the Paris World Fair because of the different inventions introduced and the effort put into each Fair. “The Republican party brought the World Fair to Chicago which consequently would give them a convenience store.” (http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov) This means Chicagoans have overcome far from them and that now Chicago is a great city.
In the book, “The Devil in the White City,” Erik Larson tells the story of two formidable men and their activities during Chicago’s World Fair of 1893. Daniel Burnham is an architect and the fair’s brilliant director. The book takes the reader through the tremendous obstacles and tragedies that Burnham faces in an attempt to create a fair that will give America its fame. However, H.H Holmes is a young doctor, who uses the attraction of the great fair and his charms to lure dozens of young women to their inevitable and tragic deaths. Not only did Chicago’s World Fair of 1893 showcase Daniel Burnham’s success as an able director and H.H. Holmes cunning nature, it changed America as a whole, introduced some lasting inventions, and influenced many historical figures of both that time and our current time period.
The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893 was the turning point between old Victorian, provential, and backwater ways in the US, and the modern outlook and culture we enjoy today. It was built on a scale that had never been seen before. It provided technological wonders, new cultures, and a look into a brighter future. It helped to take the US from being a backwater, second rate power to a world super power. It was progressive in the labor and safety movements. In short, it was a major turning point in American history.
The credit for this change of view can be given to Washington Irving, who wrote a biography based on Columbus in 1828. This biography romanticized him and gave people the idea that he was this courageous hero who despite people’s claims that he’ll never succeed, ended up discovering what lies past the Atlantic. This biography gathered the momentum needed to catapult the collective opinion of Columbus higher in America. As time passed, more biographers wrote about him which resulted in groups forming, particularly the Knights of Columbus. They’re the group that pressed for a nationally recognized Columbus Day, which passed in
There is one reason Chicago is as big as it is today and that is the fact that it is the largest rail city in the world. The railroad made Chicago what it is today, and although the canal was very important in the history of Chicago the railroads importance out weighs it by far. The canal was important because it was the vision of the first settlers of Chicago to have an all water trade route that would go through Chicago. What those first explorers saw was a way to make a canal so that they could transport goods from the St Lawrence River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico with less cost and with more efficiency. The canal was the reason Chicago was settled in the first place if not for it there might very well not be a city called Chicago. You could argue that the canal was the most important thing in Chicago's history but I think the railroads were much more important. The railroads enabled Chicago to become one of the biggest cities in the world by bringing in different business and all types of goods. Chicago is a very key location to have a railroad-shipping hub. This is because it is centrally located in the United States so goods can be shipped in almost any direction and received in a shorter amount of time. William Butler Ogden was the one who pushed for Chicago to adopt a large rail system and he should be known as the one who made this city boom. St. Louis or another centrally located city could have very well adopted the rail system and they would have reaped all the benefits.
The controversy of whether or not Christopher Columbus should continue to be acknowledged by a federal holiday proves that his legacy has not escaped the scrutiny of history. Arguments born of both sides of the controversy stem from issues such as genocide, racism, multiculturalism, geographical land rights, and the superiority of certain cultures over others. In The Christopher Columbus Controversy: Western Civilization vs. Primitivism, Michael Berliner, Ph.D. declares that recognition of Columbus Day is well-deserved, claiming that Western civilization is superior to all other cultures and Columbus personifies this truth. On the contrary, Jack Weatherford's Examining the Reputation of Christopher Columbus equates Columbus' so-called discovery with brutal genocide and the destruction of ancient sophisticated civilizations. These articles demonstrate two extreme points of view in a manner that makes clear each authors' goals, leading the reader to consider issues of author bias, motivation, and information validity.
Erik Larson’s book Devil in the White City is full of magic and madness that has shaped the society of the late 19th century that is specific to in Chicago. The issues that have been handled through this time frame that are addressed in this book is that how Chicago was known to be the black city at first, and how the city hoped that hosting the World’s fair would increase their reputation. Secondly, the magic of a man named Daniel Burnham that did put the plans of the world fair in Chicago into life and the obstacles that he had overcame. Next, once the world fair was complete, it has made Chicago “The White city,” by its dazzling designs and attractions that made it memorable. Then, the madness of H.H. Holmes and how his evil deeds has seemed to undermine the world fair and the things that are going on within it with his murders and treachery that does grip Chicago once his evil deeds have been found out. Finally, the events that happened in the world fair that relate to the issues that occur in the late ninetieth century within the United States. The city of Chicago was in a desolate condition before it hosted the World Fair.
In some respects, we can attribute the founding of America and all its subsequent impacts to Christopher Columbus. Columbus a hero in the United States, has his own holiday and we view as the one who paved the way for America to be colonized. However, people tend to forget the other side of Columbus, the side that lusted after gold and resources that often belonged to the native inhabitants he came across in his exploration. In his insatiable greed, he and his crew committed countless atrocities, such as torture and killing of defenseless natives. Columbus’s discovery of these new lands contributes profound and negative effects as future colonists arrived. “Zinn estimates that perhaps 3 million people perished in the Caribbean alone from raids, forced labor and disease” (Zinn, 1980). Columbus was seen as a cruel man, who saw the peaceful inhabitants as right for the conquering and lead to the devastation of the native population, yet is celebrated every October.
The “White City” was a vast collection of architecture and arts that were put on display in the year 1893. The Chicago World Fair, also called the “White City”, was a major event in American history that impacted America’s culture, economic, and industry. The Chicago World Fair was held to honor Columbus’ discovery of the New World. The real reason why it was made was to proudly have back their wealth and power. Larson said, “the tower not only assured the eternal fame of its designer, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel but also offered graphic proof that France had edged out the United States for dominance in the realm of iron and steel…”(15). To accomplish this, architects led by Daniel Burnham and John Root made numerous buildings and beautiful scenery
“In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue”, is the rhyme embedded in children’s heads in the first lesson of US history. However, beyond the discovery of the New World, Christopher Columbus receives no other mentions. Especially no one acknowledges that he was the reason Native Americans were mistreated and kept as slaves. Although Christopher Columbus’ actions are not all honorable he should still be celebrated during Columbus Day as a brave explorer who risked his and his crew’s lives to find a new way of travel and land. His efforts bridged a gap between the New and Old World and helped feed Europe, which immensely impacts our society. Because of his dedication and bravery to be an explorer Christopher Columbus Day should be celebrated.
The second Monday in October is celebrated across America as Columbus Day. It is a celebration of the man who discovered America. In school, children are taught that Christopher Columbus was a national hero. In actuality, the man was a murderer. It is true that he found a land that was unknown to the "civilized" world, yet in this discovery, he erased the natives inhabiting the land. With slavery, warfare, and inhumane acts, Christopher Columbus and the men who accompanied him completely destroyed a people, a culture, and a land. These are not actions that should be heralded as heroic.
In 1893, the great Chicago World’s Fair took place. Just climbing to the second largest populated city in America, Chicago had a lot to prove. The World’s Fair was a perfect opportunity for Chicago to come together and show that they can compete with other large cities like New York and Philadelphia. For the World’s Fair to be as successful as it was, there was a need for leaders, innovators, new inventions, and tremendous attractions. Without these, the fair could not have been designed and constructed as well as it was. Eventually, Chicago had convinced the entire United States that they could be just as powerful and influential as all the other larger, big-name cities of the country. America transformed into an advanced country as a result of the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair.
[2] Columbus is a mainstay of American patriotism. He is the patron saint who planted the seeds of our nation. Our culture has been lulled into his heroic myth for hundreds of years and has celebrated this man with much pomp and circumstance. Columbus’ worthiness has been the subject of much controversy and is now being linked to such un-heroic terms as mass murder, holocaust, and genocide.
A line of carriages carries important people, including President Grover Cleveland and Daniel Burnham, to the fair at Jackson Park. President Cleveland speaks at a ceremony signifying the much-anticipated opening of the exposition. The general consensus among the crowd is that the fair is a success, despite the mud-covered walkways and roads, unfinished landscaping, and unfinished Ferris wheel. Attendance registers between 500,000 and 600,000 people. However, the cause for celebration doesn't last long. Day two of the fair reels in roughly 10,000 people. Through the days to come after the fair had officially opened, many banks are forced to close and the stock market crashes. Burnham and his brigade of architects, draftsmen, engineers, and contractors had accomplished so much in an impossibly short time, but apparently not enough to overcome the damping effect of the fast-degrading economy. Many aspects of the fair were still unfinished including the elevators, the Ferris wheel being half finished, and roadways were still submerged under mud. “First and foremost, Burnham knew, the fair had to be finished, but in the meantime lures had to be cast to encourage people to shed their fears of financial ruin and come to Chicago” (page, 241). Burnham appointed Frank Millet to come up with new ideas on getting greater attendance at the fair. Millet implemented things such as fireworks, shows and parades. Millet even dedicated specific days
Built in 1889 to commemorate the hundred year anniversary of the French Revolution, the Eiffel Tower has been a topic of discussion for numerous years. Designed by Gustave Eiffel and Morris Koechlin, the Tower was built originally as a temporary structure. The pieces of this eye-catching building were to be disassembled and melted down after twenty years. This did not happen, however. The Eiffel Tower has become a colossal icon throughout the world; the Tower has brought in enormous revenue and has a scientific impact on French and all of Europe’s society.
First, The Iron magician Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was born in 1832 in Dijon, France. After graduating from Ecole Centre ale des art et Manufactures he wanted to specialize in metal construction. (Bio) In his early career he oversaw many constructions of bridges and buildings. In 1866 he officially started his own company. After designing the arched gallery of machines for a show for the Paris exhibition in 1867 his name was known. (Bio). His next designs made all the difference in the world. He decided to build the Statue of Liberty and the renowned Eiffel Tower.