Rainwater is water that evaporates due to the heat and the condensation process (the change of water vapor into very small drops of water) to form larger water droplets then fall back to the earth surface. At this vaporous form, there is a transport process which is the transport of water vapor by the wind towards certain areas that will cause rain. Rainwater should meet the physical, chemical and biological conditions
Rainwater contains more gas than groundwater, especially the content of CO2 and O2. At the transport process, water vapor is mixed and dissolved gasses and other compounds in the air. Therefore, rainwater contains dust, bacteria, and various compounds present in the air.
The quality of the rainwater affected by the surrounding
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Heavy urbanized areas can present significant concentration of ions in rainfall such as ammonium as well as nitrate and sulfate from traffic and other anthropogenic activities (Sanchez, 2015). According to Kabir et al. (2014) although urban dust are highly polluted with metals, 75% of metal pollutants leached by stormwater runoff can be retained by green water infrastructures, which use vegetation, soils, and natural processes to soak up and store …show more content…
Rainwater harvested from the roof has a quality that is not much different from the water that comes from the taps (Meera and Mansoor Ahammed, 2006). Heavy metals may leach into harvested rainwater when the roof or the drains contain metal parts (Förster, 1999). For example, heavy metals, such as Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe have been detected in rooftop collected rainwater (Melidis et al., 2007; Quek and Förster, 1993). In addition, such as inert solids and dust, and fecal deposits from rodents and birds, accumulated on rooftops during dry periods, may affect the harvested rainwater quality (Ahmed et al., 2008). Microorganisms, such as total coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., and Giardia lamblia have been detected at high counts in roof runoff water (Simmons et al., 2001; Ahmed et al.,
Water has three stages—liquid, gas and solid. Water on Earth can be liquid as rain, streams, or oceans. It can be a solid like hail, ice or snow. It can be a gas like vapor, steam or clouds. As described by the Department of Atmospheric Sciences (2010), the hydrologic cycle is the process of water changing from liquid to gas to solid. The energy of the sun drives the changes to water. When water is heated up, it evaporates, turning into a gas to form steam or vapor. The water vapor rises with warm air that when meets cooler air, condenses to form clouds. These clouds and water vapor can be transported around the world. Precipitation is when water falls to Earth, in warmer temperatures as liquid and in temperatures, as a solid. On Earth, precipitation can evaporate again or infiltrate the Earth to become groundwater. As ground water it can collect in oceans, rivers or on snowy mountaintops and glaciers. It can also be released back into the atmosphere via transpiration, when water evaporates off soil, trees. When water evaporates, the cycle starts again.
The industrialization of Canada is severely affecting the nations lakes, streams, and rivers. If something is not done to improve the situation it is going to have some severe environmental problems in its future. The following essay will be looking at the factors that cause pollution, and the effect that pollution has on the environment of Canada. It will also explore some of the methods used to treat and clean-up wastewater, and oil spills.
There are numerous stages that take place simultaneously in the hydrologic cycle and this includes evaporation. This is when the water alters from a liquid state into a gas. The damp air from the water rises into the atmosphere and when it cools, the vapor condenses and shapes into clouds. But those billows are not the only form the vapors make; it can also materialize as dew, fog and mist, which blanket the Earth, characteristically on a rainy or humid day. Evaporation takes place when water changes from a liquid state into a gaseous state, and ascents out of the pores of the earth and into the atmosphere as a vapor (“How”). While evaporation is taking place, condensation is also occurring. When the temperature in the air plunges, the clouds become heavy and as a result they relieve themselves of the extra weight, which is called precipitation. This produces rain, hail, snow and sleet, conditioned upon the temperate. As the precipitation falls, it enters the surface of the ground and percolates into the soil, which is called infiltration. The more porous the land is, the more the infiltration can take place. However, the ground cannot hold all of that water and floods. The excess rainfall, which is also called runoff that has not been absorbed makes its way into bodies of water, such as small ponds, rivers, lakes and parts of the ocean (“Summary”).
'Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives(in) it. ' (Azeem 1). In Canada, most people live in the southern part along with many agricultural and industrial activities causing the worst cases of water pollution. Water pollution is caused by population growth and industrialization, but can be prevented if proper controls are taken into consideration to help reduce the discharge of waste materials. Water pollution has been a huge disadvantaging concern for humans as well as wildlife for over many decades, but can actually be prevented if attempted. Preventing waste materials from being dumped into lakes and rivers, controlling
Aim: To determine what effect agricultural runoff has on surrounding environment, and to find what solutions can be made to reverse any damage.
Through industrial and consumer waste, heavy metals can enter a water supply or even from acidic rain breaking down soils and discharging heavy metals into streams, lakes, waterways, and groundwater. Some overwhelming metals incorporate:
Urban runoff is the pollution washed into the oceans from, “irrigation runoff, households, and storm events, as well as contributions of raw sewage from degrading infrastructure and accidental spills,” (Dwight Fernandez). Urban runoff is a major issue facing California’s beach water quality. The two main sources of coastal water pollution in California are treated sewage and urban runoff, and in Southern California urban runoff is the primary cause of contamination in coastal waters (Brinks). Analysis has shown that urban runoff waters contain, “infectious and toxic pollutants,” posing a serious risk to beachgoers across California (Dwight, Fernandez). Southern California’s dense urban infrastructure, in particular, is conducive to generating urban runoff that is washed int...
Introduction: Rainwater runoff, also called non-point source, is everywhere, especially in the artificial concrete communities that we live in. Rainwater runoff occurs after rain showers and thunderstorms, when the water flows down streets, sidewalks and gutters. There is so much rainwater runoff now a day because of the colossal neighborhoods and buildings and parking lots we are creating. The runoff happens when the water can’t soak into the ground, like it naturally does. With growing cities and industrialization, runoff water is becoming more and more of a problem and people need to start worrying about it. Runoff water has the possibility of becoming very dangerous, depending on what the water takes with it. Pesticides, garbage, bacteria, sediments from roads, feces and oil/gasoline are just some of the many substances that rainwater runoff carries with it on it’s journey; and lets not forget about all of the possible toxic chemicals that would fall into its path. So many residencies have been built, causing more runoff water because it isn’t being absorbed into the soil, since the soil is covered in concrete or other substances that were used to build. Everything that rests in gutters also goes down into the soil and in sewers that dump water into soil or other bodies of water, and the effects can both be positive and negative. Substances such as phosphate can travel with the runoff water into areas with soil and grass, causing it to grow faster. While some people may think fast growing grass is helpful, lets not forget about the rest of the environment the phosphate can effect. Certain algae’s can be harmful to humans when ingested. After knowing that, people should realize that it is time for environmental management to co...
Rain in reality is moisture condensed from the atmosphere that falls visibly in separate drops. To get rain, the water condensing in the clouds has to become heavy enough to fall to Earth. To become heavier, some will collide with other droplets and become larger, and others will grow as water condenses out the air directly into the droplet, and some will do so by both methods. Eventually, if the droplets keep growing, they will reach a mass where they can't stay floating in the cloud because they are too heavy and will start to fall as rain. Before it can rain, there must be moisture or humidity in the air. In order for there to be moisture in the air, water must evaporate. The best source for the air's moisture is the oceans and sometimes lakes. Air flows over these large bodies of water picking up moisture as it evaporates off the surface. The air then flows over the land and we feel it in the form of humidity. When air rises, such as up a mountain slope, or when encountering a cold front or warm front, the air cools and the moisture condenses into clouds and rain. Because of this, areas
The rate of evaporation can increase if the gas pressure decreases around the liquid. Heat energy is used to break the bonds that hold water molecules together, that is why water easily evaporates at the boiling point but evaporates much slower at the freezing point. Net evaporation happens when the rate of evaporation surpasses the amount of condensation. Saturation occurs when these two process rates are equivalent when the humidity of the air is at one-hundred percent. On average, a fraction of the atoms in a glass of water has enough heat energy to escape from the liquid. Evaporation from the ocean is the primary device for supporting the surface-to-atmosphere part of the water cycle. Evaporation is the pathway where water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric vapor. Studies have shown that the major bodies of water are nearly ninety percent of the moisture in the atmosphere from the evaporation of the water, the ten percent left is contributed from plant transpiration. Evaporation can only occur when water is available. It also requires the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere to be less than the evaporating surface. At one-hundred percent relative humidity, there is no more evaporation. The wind chill effect is one of the
A simple definition of precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds in the sky. Precipitation includes rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain, and hail. So with that being said let's take a look at these different forms of precipitation.
Ground water! What is it? Well it's basically self-explanatory and is any water that is held under ground. That is only a very simple definition of it though and well in fact ground water is very critical to every ones life locally and worldwide. Most of the water that you drink comes from ground water and not from lakes and rivers even though those are considered as a part of ground water components. Ground water has many components that it can be divided into and this paper will explain what ground water is, that negatives and positives of it, where is it and how it gets there. I will also explain how it affects people locally and worldwide.
Schueler, Thomas R. "Microbes and Urban Watersheds: Concentrations, Sources, & Pathways." Reprinted in The Practice of Watershed Protection. 2000. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, MD.
lines, rope, and plastic nets are being caught in the rutter and the engine, but
1. Fresh water comes from ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, lakes, rivers and stream. They also come from underground sources like; groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. The water in glaciers and ice caps is frozen. Only 3% of the water on the planet is fresh. The water all has something to do the water cycle. First you've got evaporation; water becomes water vapour and changes into a gas. Then there is condensation and the water vapour becomes a cloud. The last one is precipitation, this is rain, snow, etc. (to be continued)