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Discuss the effect of Post colonialism in literature
Discuss the effect of Post colonialism in literature
Aspects of pre Colonial literature
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English journalist, Joseph Rudyard Kipling used his writing to express his complicated views on the expansion of countries and Empires. The Man Who Would Be King, his most famous work, tells the story of two British adventurers and their desire to become kings of a remote part of Afghanistan. The story is told through the eyes of an unnamed narrator and direct quotes from one of the adventurers, Peachy Carnehan. Though Kipling’s other ambiguous works would suggest he may have had a bitter view of imperialism and the British Empire, I think The Man Who Would Be King and other historical pieces by Kipling would suggest a more complex view. Historical connections in the novella and the elements of his novella indicate this. In the …show more content…
Literary critics often find it worth noting that his views on imperialism and Jingoism were so controversial at the time that his works are normally paraded as satirical or housing an underlying theme. His views regarding imperialism and the message behind another of his works that drew parallels from The Man Who Would Be King were validated in a letter written to an American soldier. “For you see, you are on the threshold of your work which, thank God, is the white man’s work, the business of introducing a sane and orderly administration into the dark places of the earth that lie to your hand…” he wrote. He continues to explain that much like in The Man Who Would Be King, you will return broken, unenthusiastic, yet the goal you set out to complete will have been fulfilled. However, it lays in the hands of the natives to continue your plans which is where the weakness of imperialism and expansion lay. This can be drawn back to The Man Who Would Be King, where Dravot entrusts the message of his Empire only in the hands of Peachy because he is white. The same idea can be seen in final stanza of The White Man’s Burden and even in the beginning of the Jungle
He compares their situation as being on a “lonely island of poverty” (2) in a “vast ocean of material prosperity” (2) which displays the atrocious position of colored people and further expands on this by describing how “The Negro is still at the bottom of the economic ladder” (2) which presents the injustice faced by these impoverished population. His adopting of these phrases is in order influence his audience to not only realize the harsh realities, but to prompt them to seek true freedom for everyone. The examples employed by King leave the reader with a sense of understanding of why King has his powerful ambitions.
He refers to all the immigration groups in a judgmental way. He complains about the intelligence levels of the Italians, how dirty and deceitful the Jews are, and even the immaculate cleanliness of the Chinamen. Although he does possess quite a bit of bigotry that boarders on the line of prejudice when it comes to African Americans he recognizes that they are suffering from racism and he sympathizes with th...
Although Kipling supports the objective of imperialism, he identifies several flaws associated with it. Firstly, he refers to the duties of the empire as a “burden,” which portrays the negative aspects of imperialism. Secondly, he warns the reader that if he “take[s] up the White Man’s burden” (Kipling line 34), “the blame of those [he] better[s]” and “the hate of those [he] guard[s]” will haunt him. Even though he will supposedly be helping the uncolonized by imposing British rule upon them, they will blame him and hate him. Kipling tells the reader that the White Man’s burden is in fact a “burden”: it is a hardship that he takes upon himself for the sake and goodness of the uncolonized peoples.
In the 18th to 19th century the factor determining the everyday life of many people was egotistic, uncompassionate nations of ‘superior’ cultures and religious doctrines. These nations with their superior ideals studied and applied imperialism to nations, they thought were uncivilized. According to Merriam Webster Imperialism is ‘the effect that a powerful country or group of countries has in changing or influencing the way people live in other, poorer countries.’ Imperialism was an era of major changes, in which for the better and the worst, the imperialized nations were affected. Many poets and philosophers commented on imperialism in their writings, some were in agreement and others were opposed of imperialism. One of these poets is Rudyard
Rudyard Kipling's "The Man who Would Be King" deals with man's ability to rule. The character Dravot's success and failure in ruling derives from the perception of him as a god, instead of a king. Kipling uses the perception of Dravot as a god to show that though a king can rule as a god, he becomes a king by being human.
During the nineteenth century, Great Britain was one of the richest countries in the world; the British were able to colonize numerous countries and gain profits from each of the countries. With brutality and torture, the British went into these countries to civilize the native people and to obtain goods and services from the locals’ hard work. Rudyard Kipling was a British writer who was born and raised in Bombay, India. Kipling saw sides of colonization that other western people were not able to see. “The White Man’s Burden” is a satirical poem written by Kipling that ridicules this Victorian concept known as imperialism.
Imperialism in the late 1800’s blossomed when a new phase of global expansion erupted. One of the main goals of this global expansion focused on new markets and sources of raw materials. Due to the Second Industrial Revolution, the demand for new markets and the exploding numbers in production compelled business leaders to search out new sources of investment for the growing economy. Rapid territorial expansion redirected the competing ideologies of agricultural demands, Native Americans, European Immigrants, and industrial capitalist in this new empire. In this search, manufacturers needed to find new raw materials in order to better equip themselves to sustain against the newly rising competitors. This caused competition with foreign market systems all around to begin pursuing an imperialistic empire. The European powers responded with aggressive nationalism when expanding their empire. This concept began trending internationally as other nations adapted the new concept of maintaining a steady nation through the new ideals of expansions.
The first stage of questioning the canon and canonical texts as constructs of imperial ideology entails identifying 'unspoken subjects [i.e. marginalised, distorted representations of colonised cultures and individuals]' in texts accepted by their contemporary British culture. Said argues that the critical reappraisal of such texts 'entails reading the canon as a polyphonic accompaniment to the expansion of Europe, giving a revised direction and valence to such writers as Conrad and Kipling who have always been read as sports, not as writers whose manifestly imperialist subject matter has a long subterranean or implicit and proleptic life' in the works of preceeding generations of writers (Culture 71).
There were two different time periods where Imperialism occurred. The first wave of imperialism, called the 'Old' Imperialism, lasted from around 1500 - 1800. The 'New' Imperialism lasted from around 1870 - 1914. The three main differences that we will discuss today are the differences in economics, politics, and the motive behind all of this.
At the turn of the 20th century, African states had been colonized and were being used by the European nations with imperialistic ideals. With imperialism came the praise and promotion of the imperialistic ideas. However, unlike other times in history where a nation had taken over another, there was criticism written by some of the writers living in the imperialistic countries. Two of these writers were Joseph Conrad, who wrote Heart of Darkness, and George Orwell, who wrote “Shooting an Elephant”. Both of their pieces comments on the dark side of imperialism and the effects it has on the colonized states and the people of the states.
During the 19th century, European countries were implementing a new form of imperialism on many areas. Through this process these European countries gained a lot of power. Some of the areas that were affected from imperialism form the European countries was Asia especially was China and Japan. Asia was a huge area for imperialism, but both China and Asia were very appealing areas to colonize. Both countries reacted differently towards western imperialism, which would change their fates regarding foreign relations and the future of their nation. Japan accepted imperialism and it led them to become a world power and China was against the Western ways and therefore being used by Europe. In this paper I will discuss why China and Japan experienced different fates in the age of imperialism.
George Orwell, born in India, now a British writer is known for his essays and novels. George Orwell wrote the essay “Shooting an Elephant” to express the time he went through in Burma as a British officer during the imperialism time period. Orwell represents the evil of imperialism, and the impact it had on the Burmese and the British Empire through symbolism such as the rifle, the elephant, and Orwell himself.
...hed ways of thinking, have a façade of bringing culture and progress to a world devoid of these elements, yet are merely "hollow men". They are merely acting as products for the indefinable aims of colonialism and in turn, move the readership to reject their ideals, emphasize the "enlightened" (those who grow) and encourage a similar psychological journey of the readership.
"No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main” - John Donne. The english poet and satirist of the sixteenth century was particularly known for his inventive metaphors that resonate with various cultural themes, imperialism being a constant. By definition imperialism implies the maintenance or creation of unequal relationships based on law, economy and territory between states working on the ideas of domination and subordination. Machiavelli and Shakespeare both had actively investigated the distinctively warped conflict of imperialism. Although they approach the topic differently, both agreed that political power and ruling of anything involves more that just a “divine right” and royal lineage.
Edward W Said, the renowned author of Orientalism (1978) now expands his scope, which he admits was limited to the Middle East, in his book “Culture and Imperialism. In the introduction of the book, much like the rest of the book, he talks about colonialism and imperial in context of western literature written around 19th and 20th century. Showing the effects of imperialism and colonization, on the colonizer as well as the colonized, interpreted through the eyes of writers such as Charles Dickens in Great Expectations-- and Joseph Conrad in Nostromo(1904). One puts light on the United Kingdom and its relation with it colony of Australia, a classic example of colonialism. On the other hand Conrad in ‘Nostromo’ reflects on imperialism with the example of Central America which, while being an independent republic, was being dominated by outside forces because of economic and political interests. By presenting these two examples Said covers most of what the topic “culture and imperialism” is to him and his point of view, while including two of the biggest examples, in terms of nations and there influence on other regions, on the subject. Although the examples may be seen as few on a subject so vast, it in affect is enough for Edward to prove that much of western literature has taken its influence from the effects of decolonization as well as imperialism, also the resistance to both.