We are looking, in our group, at graffiti in a crime perspective. In this literature review we will be looking at journals, articles and websites for resources and discussing the cost and issues with graffiti worldwide.
We will analyze these resources by looking at different types of graffiti, it's cost to clean up and prevent as well as the effects on their community.
According to (Morgan & Louis 2009) graffiti is a major problem in Australia; it affects state territory government, local government, police, public transport, and utility providers, local communities and young people in different ways. There are many types of graffiti and graffiti related activities to which they have an effect on people. There are five types of graffiti Taggers
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Graffiti vandals can cause train cancellations, delays and safety breaches. Other problems that vandals can cause are not only the risk of their own lives and other too, but it can create people to become fearful in using public transport.
Thompson K, (2009) citied in (Enever 2013). Australian Rail operators pay around $20 million dollars per year to remove graffiti from trains and railway properties. Although NSW RailCorp reduced their $40 million 2010 – 11 to $26 million in 2011-12 as the NSW Transport Minister stated in 2013.
Queensland Rail paid $938,000 on graffiti removal products to clean rolling stock, stations, and below rail groundwork in the finical year of 2011-12.
(Halsey & Young 2002) An issue with graffiti is mainly done by young adolescent but has been known for adults to perform graffiti. Hip hop music links to the graffiti of gang culture and their activities such as tagging images and charters their locations around where they
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Reappearing of graffiti is costing house owners as well as their property prices are going lower due to graffiti appears on their houses. Residents in London also complained that graffiti is not only damaging their environment but it also gives free gate ways to other offenders to do other crimes in their local areas due to appears of graffiti in their local resident. Graffiti appears in local resident area damages reputation of that suburb as well as it also indicates that such an area is unsafe to live in. Businesses and utilities as well as rail companies are also having issues with graffiti in London which is costing them a huge amount of money to remove graffiti.
(Pelling 2002) The cost of graffiti in London is around about 7 million pounds per year and the transport companies in London has reported that graffiti cost to them 6 million pound per annum, together this cost of 13 million pound increases up to 23 million pound as well as cost of etched glass, if these where to get replaced and removing of graffiti from trackside, etched train panels it will cost 100 million pounds. The total amount which cost London economy on graffiti is over 100 million pound per annum which includes homeowners, utilities, businesses, and rail
The most predominant attribute of a graffiti artist is their mindset, for a graffitist is constantly surveying the streets in search for a new spot to “bomb” as well as examining the work of fellow writers. For instance, when a graffiti artist looks at an empty wall or a distant water tower they envision a canvas suitable for displaying their graffiti. A graffiti artist uses specific terminology when speaking to fellow writers as well as average people interested in this illegal art form. The use of terms, such as “tag,” “throw-up,” and “burner” are used to describe different styles of graffiti letters. In addition, the term “bomb” is used when a graffitist paints on numerous surfaces in a given area. When analyzing the desires of a graffitist, they explain the desire to go “all-city.” The term “all-city” describes a writers’ aspiration to display his graffiti throughout the entire city. The lifestyle of a graffiti artist tends to be more active than that of an average person, for graffitist go “bombing” during late hours of the night. The reason for these late-night paint excursions is to avoid cont...
Murals have become a well known target for graffiti taggers. This has become such a common thing that there are several organization that are dedicated to help save these murals. Instead of jailing the culprits the money could be used to restore the work which would intern save lots of money. Although many people are starting to believe this is the end of dozens of freeway murals.This is because no matter how any time the murals are restore the taggers always come back and after several restorations some taggings become un
Graffiti is an art form that was bred from the rebellion of youths. The first sighting of graffiti was seen on subways, and other impoverished areas around New York. This form involved what is called tagging , where the artist signs his or her name, nickname, or group name, on the side of a building or other surface. It is well known for its bold, colorful presence and intricate script. It is still prominent and visible in those areas of the Bronx today.
Those who argue that street art is nothing more than graffiti that violates personal property do not characterize it as a valuable art form. These critics argue that some places cannot afford to keep the property clean; if it gets really bad, the whole building will have to be painted, and that is expensive (O’Lear). Unwanted artwork will cause economic problems with removing the art from illegally used canvases such as building, billboards, and sidewalks. Critics also uphold that there are numerous outlets that people could use that are more tasteful and less destructive. (O’Lear). Turkey Stremmel, the co-owner of Stremmel Gallery, suggests that there are other ways to create the murals artists plaster on street surfaces. Artis...
Modern graffiti art originated in New York City, it was known as “New York Style” graffiti. It began in the late 1960’s when teens will use permanent market to write their names on tags. In the middle to late 1970’s, writers started painting subway trains. Train painting was instrumental to the development of graffiti art because trains became the stage where everyone that wanted to be recognized to do their best art in to win the title “King or Queen”. Trains were used by graffiti artist to paint on them as often as possible, they would do their names in a colorful and unique style, because it was guarantee that it would be seen by many people and by others writers because those trains would travel to thousand different places. The goal was and is to create burners which are pieces that out because of their creativity.
Kabak, Benjamin. "Looking Back at the Battle against Subway Graffiti." Second Ave Sagas RSS. N.p., 09 June 2013. Web. 10 May 2014.
The rise of vandalistic art produced by Banksy and others, has altered the way in which the public views graffiti culture. Where spray paint once represented gangs and violence, it now suggests an exciting and cutting edge artform that could potentially be a lucrative investment. In fact, Banksy’s work is so sought after that people are willing to take bricks out of buildings in order to steal it. In 2013, one of Banksy’s most famous pieces of artwork was stolen from the side of a store in the UK. It was later discovered at a US auction (Banksy Artwork Taken). “Street art has entered the art world’s mainstream, with Banksy pieces regularly selling for more than $1 million” (Salib
No matter what people say about it, Graffiti is a form of self-expression. It is important to realize the amount of talent and work required to create a piece of graffiti. The scale of such a piece can be small found on a corner to massive one taking up an entire wall. However, there are varying
Graffiti is defined as the usually unauthorized drawing or writing on a public surface. While all of us are familiar with graffiti - just think about the spray-painted names on road-signs and walls - the predominant perception in society is that graffiti is a social evil. However, chairperson, today I will prove that graffiti can in fact be a force of good.
Graffiti is giving some buildings, and cities really bad looks. Graffiti on a hotel, for example would give a really bad look for their business and make people not want to go there. And for cities, take Detroit for an example, the whole city is basically covered in graffiti. And is also a really dangerous town. The museum of contemporary art in Downtown LA is trying to change that. “Part of our goal
Looking from the taggers' point of view, one can understand why taggers and graffiti artists draw and do graffiti, but this does not justify the fact that often times this form of self-expression is not acceptable when it is done on other peoples property. Having the opportunity to listen (film, class, talk show) to why taggers and graf...
Although it is punishable by law, Graffiti is still an art. It’s actually the most complicated and complex type of art. The words restart and eraser aren’t in a graffiti artist’s vocabulary. They have to know what they’re doing and they also have to make little to no mistakes. They have to be able to remake a painting or start from scratch with an allotted time set.
According to Cooper and Sciorra, “many young graffiti artists are keen to use their talents and aspire to achieve entrepreneurial success.” Local industries hiring famous graffiti artists are also said to improve their reliability and business-customer connection as well as diminishing felonies by employment. One eminent group in NYC is the "King of Murals" which run an advertisement graffiti corporation and have been hired to sponsor worldwide brands such as M&M's and Coca-Cola in marketing campaigns and even hired by schools, clinics and additional groups to produce artwork. Bronx-based TATS CRU made a name for themselves by performing authorized marketing campaigns for businesses like McDonald's, Coca Cola, MTV, and Toyota. Smirnoff and even Microsoft have employed artists to use graffiti to expand awareness of their invention.
Common mediums used are stencils, prints, and murals. Graffiti is often considered to be art because of new artists, such as One of the main reasons street art is considered a crime is because it is believed to deface the property of which it has been applied to. Another problem being that Graffiti is costly to clean, in major cities the budget for cleaning graffiti can be in the millions. There is a solution to this problem that one city in Australia has applied. Police in Fremantle, Australia are focusing on getting rid of tags and less desirable graffiti but leaving the rest up because they believe it impacts the “culture and vibrancy of the city.”
The city would then come and they would either force the shop owners to either paint over it, cut it out, or destroy it and build a new wall altogether. A large quantity of the shop owners would just paint over the art, but as Banksy pieces gradually got worth more and more, the owners began to cut out the art. They would proceed to sell it at auction for thousands or even millions of dollars. As stated earlier, Banksy does not get paid for this, the seller does. And that seller often does not like graffiti and does not support it. There are even some cases where the buyer will not support the art either and yet they will pay large amounts of money for graffiti from large named artists. Imagine if the law accepted graffiti and let it stay up. This would save roughly 12 billion dollars spent on graffiti removal spent every year. And also would make our everyday lives more colorful. Sometimes the artist would even put a strong message out into the public or taunt something in a way other than graffiti. Banksy has even done