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INTRODUCTION According to Buzan there are five main sectors of security studies, alongside Military,Political ,Economic, Societal and Environmental Security. Societal Security referred to sustainable development of traditional patterns of language, cultural, religious and national identities and customs of states (Buzan, 1991a). The concept of societal security was developed by the Copenhagen School of security studies toward the end of the Cold War. Societal security concerns the sustainability of traditional patterns of language, culture, religion, national identity and customs (Buzan, 1991a). Weaver (1993) explains that “society is about identity, about the self-conception of communities and of individuals identifying themselves as members …show more content…
Environmental security is essential on the individual, community, national, and international levels. Intentional or unintentional disruptions of the natural environment, for example, climate change, natural resources such as water, or major sources of food such as fisheries, can constitute a threat. Environmental security concerns those threats; it is the relationship security and the natural environment. Environmental security was one of the non-traditional sectors in security studies, but increasingly it has deepened and broadened the concepts of security. Environmental security aims to secure both states and the environment. It is acknowledged that environmental factors can affect and or produce political disputes and violent conflicts. Environmental security also aims to prevent damage to the environment caused by military activities or environmental conflicts, preventing or responding to conflicts cause by environmental events, and protecting the environment (Collins, …show more content…
The relationship we find between these climate variables and conflict outcomes are often very large."The researchers looked at 60 studies from around the world, with data spanning hundreds of years. The scientists say that with the current projected levels of climate change the world is likely to become a more violent place. They estimate that a 2C (3.6F) rise in global temperature could see personal crimes increase by about 15%, and group conflicts rise by more than 50% in some regions (Hsiang, Burke, & Miguel, 2013), (Morelle, 2013). However, other researchers have questioned whether climate breeds conflict, suggested that this environmental factor was not to blame for civil war in Africa (Morelle, 2013). A recent example of what might be a future conflict over water is the Nile River situation between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt, Ethiopia is building a dam that might affect the share of Sudan and Egypt and they are negotiating about the best way for each countries to keep a fair
Fruitful climate conditions fostered great civilizations in the past, the Nile river in Egypt or the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia are examples of that. Catastrophic climate events have also brought civilizations to their knees in the case of Aksum drought or the Nabataeans who fell victim to massive earthquakes. These are only small events compared to Ice Ages and asteroidal impacts that threaten human existence and the wiping of the historical slate. On a smaller scale, a connection has been shown to exist between political and interpersonal violence with climate change. Edward Miguel quantified climate influence on human conflict showing that for every standard deviation increase in temperature “the frequency of interpersonal violence rises 4% and the frequency of intergroup conflict rises 14%” (reference). Political intergroup conflicts are more often than not the end of great civilizations such as the Assyrians, Khmer empire, or the Sumerians. Political peace is a factor often necessary for the development of a modern society Singer never mentions. It becomes more difficult to advance when the best brains of the world are left open on the battlefield. Just like our planet lies in some Goldilocks zone of just right conditions, so does our ecological and political
An environmental concern is global warming. Due to all the carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in our atmosphere, it’s causing the earth to warm up. The rise in temperature is causing climate change in the park to change such as making glaciers to melt. Interestingly enough, if all of the ice caps were to melt, then half of the world’s cities would be flooded under water.
Glaser , C. L. (1997). The Security Dilemma Revisited. Cambridge University press, 50(1), 171-201. Retrieved from http://www.gwu.edu/~iscs/assets/docs/cg-docs/SecurityDilemma-WP-1997.pdf
Climate change impacts the basic resources needed by nations to continue and for humans to survive and continue on with their lives. For this reason, civil unrest occurs and wars happen. Militant groups and radicals such as ISIS control and secure their access to what is left of these resources like water so as for people to join their cause. There are also uprisings all over the world where protesters demand food due to starvation from lack of food which resulted from drought and food price increases which affects the global market significantly. Moreover, poverty is also a result of
...duct research and assessments on the projected impact of climate change in order to increase resiliency, adaptability, improve infrastructure, and implement these type of plans into the National Infrastructure Protection Plan and the Strategic National Risk Assessment (CNA Military Advisory Board, 2014). Strategic planning for the potential impact of climate change should also consider the water-food-energy nexus, which is essentially the linkage between water and energy for food production (agriculture and livestock) and is incredibly important because it increases global food security (CNA Military Advisory Board, 2014). It is also notable that rising sea levels can impact defense infrastructure in many ways including reliance on surrounding communities, transportation, energy, and port facilities, ultimately hindering response (CNA Military Advisory Board, 2014).
Because the Earth is slowly warming up, heat waves, for example, have been occurring more frequently and for longer durations. According to the Climate Communications, “In 2010, 19 countries set new all-time record high temperatures, but not a single country set a new all-time record…” (Overview). Comparing this to Gore’s speech, eighteen countries have experienced all new highs in heat since the European heat wave in 2003. This increase in temperature is due to the shifting of the climates in specific regions as an after effect of global warming.
Due to the presence of natural resources a country may be subjected to Geopolitical fights and
Theorin, B. (1999, January 14). Report on the environment, security and foreign policy (Hughes procedure) - Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy - A4-0005/1999. European Parliament. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A4-1999-0005+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN
Due to climate changes, we are a “gradual and uncertain rather than immediate and obvious” process, we as humans cannot understand it (Jamieson, 102). In addition, climate change effects have no geographical bounds and because very few people pay attention to events that occur beyond national boundaries, most people are oblivious to its existence. Jamieson makes the point that climate change must be thought rather than sensed, and we as humans are not very good at thinking (Jamieson, 103). On top of that, even if we succeed in thinking that something is a threat, we are less reactive than if we sense that it is a threat. Since we cannot even comprehend climate change's presence in our world right now, it also makes it extremely difficult for us to comprehend how our anthropogenic actions of today will affect future generations all over the world.
A Feminist Contribution to the study of Security in International Relations Under the International Relations(IR) model rests, a major focus, security. There are different theories on how security should be perceived. The majority defines security as the protection of the state. However, the Feminist method values security in the form of human interest over the state’s and also recognizes gender concerns within International Relations. The Feminist theory gives a very different perspective with various strengths but also holds weaknesses.
Many of these in later years shall need to be addressed as tension rises: Saving and consumption of water Improving drinking water supply Increasing access to clean water supply Decreasing tension between war-ing nation over resources With the population expected to rise 40-50% within the next 50 years, the demand for water in Agricultural needs and Environmental needs will rise as well, creating a more desperate water crisis. Developed countries struggle with managing water consumption. Our high demand in agriculture, industry, and domestic use further complicates this issue. With increasing urbanization and extravagant changes in lifestyle, our use and wasting of water will only increase.
Efforts to improve the standard of living for humans--through the control of nature and the development of new products--have also resulted in the pollution, or contamination, of the environment. Much of the world's air, water, and land is now partially poisoned by chemical wastes. Some places have become uninhabitable. This pollution exposes people all around the globe to new risks from disease. Many species of plants and animals have become endangered or are now extinct. As a result of these developments, governments have passed laws to limit or reverse the threat of environmental pollution.
The environment around us gives us the habitat to live, is a condition for our existence and development so that protecting environment which is one of today’s most serious issues means protecting our lives. But almost every day we hear a new problem badly affecting the environment. The list of the new difficulties seems to be endless. We are all aware of these concerns and can admit that we caused them. Now, environmental protection is not the work of a single individual as it is the responsibility of the whole community, of every single person exists on this planet. The measures range from each citizen to the government.
As human beings we have a responsibility to protect ourselves, each other and our environment. The term environment refers to a complex set of social/cultural conditions that affect an individual or community. However, there are events and processes that occur in the environment that human beings have no control over. Environmental science, the systematic study of processes and materials in our environment, identifies temperature, precipitation and humidity as a few natural conditions. Natural conditions force us to be reactive, while things that we can control, such as consumption and waste, allow us to be proactive.
...y need protection? Are we capable of protecting it? We may not be able to protect it but it is a fact that we humans have caused the pollutions and our current environmental catastrophe. When was the last time that a plastic bag stuck in a tree was created by nature? When was the last time that oil naturally “leaked” into the ocean? When was the last time that smog in the air came from plants? You see the effects of it everyday. It is up to us humans to decide whether we should prevent it from getting worse.