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Jazz and african american history
Jazz and african american history
Jazz and african american history
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Eric Betsill
10/6/2017
Survey of Jazz
(What Did I Do To Be So) Black and Blue
In the 1920’s and 30’s, (What Did I Do To Be So) Black and Blue is a song originally written in 1929, and composed by Fats Waller with Harry Brooks and Andy Razaf writing the lyrics. Originally, the song was composed due to the request of a gangster who had invested in a show that was to be performed at a night-club frequented by wealthy whites who wished to consume alcohol during the time of prohibition. After uncovering the songs upbringing, it should come as no surprise that the original piece was intended to be performed by a black, female artist who sings about the struggles of life as a black person, and it’s goal was to generate laughs at the expense of black people. Later on, Louis Armstrong took the song and performed it but not without first changing the lyrics and thus shifting the message of the song as a whole.
Jazz musicians wanted to stand out from the rest of the crowd in the 1920’s. With the new genre emerging, as an artist, getting lost
Record agencies were not impervious to discrimination, and even with Armstrong’s wild popularity, he still felt the effects. Putting performers with darker skin on more demanding tour schedules, and offering less help in finding adequate accommodations was common practice for record labels. Armstrong refers here to his less than adequate sleeping arrangements, the room he was assigned was cold, and lacking blankets or enough padding. Cold may also refer to loneliness, the absence of someone sleeping next to Armstrong in bed is not only physically colder, but for someone who is used to sleeping with a significant other, sleeping alone may be uncomfortable. The mentioning of lead may be a testament to how much this song matters to Armstrong, Lead being one of the densest elements on the periodic table could be a reference to the gravity of the
(Singer 216) With minstrel shows being popular at the time along with going “black face” on stage to make fun of colored people, its no surprise this song was intended to be humorous. The original idea for the song came from Dutch Shultz, the “financial angel” for Connie’s Inn where Hot Chocolates was playing. (Singer 216) He came up with the idea of the “funny number” and directed writer Andy Razaf to come up with the Lyrics. Razaf didn’t like the idea of the song but since he was essentially forced to write it, he did it his own way. He made the song about intraracial prejudice between blacks of lighter and darker skin and in doing that went behind Shultz back who just wanted the song for its comic appeal. The song was received well though, by people of all color, and Razaf unknowingly wrote America’s “first racial prejudice song”. (Singer 219) The song ended up being a hit and in 1929 Louis Armstrong recorded his own version of the song; however, in Armstrong’s version he “…dropped the verse and turned the chorus into a threnody for blacks of all shades.” (Teachout 139) Louis took the original songs hidden meaning and highlighted it in a way that made it more noticeable but still subtle. He turned it into a song that, as Ralph Ellington put it, “demanded action, the kind of which I was incapable of” in
It highlights the luxurious lifestyle of the rich man and about the rich man’s lack of knowledge regarding the struggles of the poor man. “Washwoman’s Blues” is a parallel song, also performed by smith, speaks about the financial environments of many African American women. These are social protests because “Poor Man’s Blues” openly indicts and upper classes for the increasing manipulation and poverty of the poor and “Washwoman’s Blue” critiques the oppressive conditions that most African-American women were forced to work. Bessie smith wrote and recorded many songs that invoked the black experience in America, notably “Blackwater Blues”, “Workhouse Blues”, and “Send Me to The Lectric Chair” all were subtle protests against the treatment of blacks. They touched on topics ranging from black imprisonment to the disregarding of African Americans and
By the end of World War I, Black Americans were facing their lowest point in history since slavery. Most of the blacks migrated to the northern states such as New York and Chicago. It was in New York where the “Harlem Renaissance” was born. This movement with jazz was used to rid of the restraints held against African Americans. One of the main reasons that jazz was so popular was that it allowed the performer to create the rhythm. With This in Mind performers realized that there could no...
Music can be traced back into human history to prehistoric eras. To this day archeologists uncover fragments of ancient instruments as well as tablets with carved lyrics buried alongside prominent leaders and highly influential people. This serves as a testament to the importance and power of music, as well as its influence in society. Over its many years of existence, music’s powerful invocation of feelings has allowed it to evolve and serve many purposes, one being inspiring change. American journalist and author Hunter S. Thompson once said, “Music has always been a matter of energy to me, a question of fuel. Sentimental people call it inspiration, but what they really mean is fuel.” This fuel is the very things that powers the influence of Rock ‘n’ Roll on American society, that author Glenn C. Altschuler writes about in his book, “All Shook Up – How Rock ‘n’ Roll Changed America.” Between 1945 and 1965 Rock ‘n’ Roll transformed American society and culture by helping to ease racial integration and launch a sexual revolution while most importantly developing an intergenerational identity.
The blues is also about saying what you feel the moment expressing yourself without even caring what others think which is kind of like modern day rap. In American history, the blues all started on Southern
But Armstrong and his jazz, more often than not, supported the civil rights movement. For example, in his 1929 song, “Black and Blue,” Armstrong speaks out, or moreso, sings out, against racism. This was a precarious topic to sing about as a black musician, let alone in front of white audiences. And later, in response to the Little Rock Crisis in 1957, Armstrong openly criticized the prevention of desegregation and canceled his tour in the Soviet Union as cultural ambassador of the United States in retaliation
Jazz became popular during the 1920s and was developed from Blues and Ragtime. The 1920s was nicknamed The Roaring Twenties or the Jazz age because it was a time where many traditonal moral standards were not followed and people indulged in new danicng and dressing styles. Jazz is still important to us today but according to Nielsen‘s 2014 Year-End Report, jazz is continuing to fall out of favor with American listeners and has tied with classical music as the least-consumed music in the U.S., after children’s
Rhythm and Blues also known as R&B has become one of the most identifiable art-forms of the 20th Century, with an enormous influence on the development of both the sound and attitude of modern music. The history of R&B series of box sets investigates the accidental synthesis of Jazz, Gospel, Blues, Ragtime, Latin, Country and Pop into a definable from of Black music. The hardship of segregation caused by the Jim Crow laws caused a cultural revolution within Afro-American society. In the 1900s, as a method of self-expression in the southern states, the Blues gradually became a form of public entertainment in juke joints and dance halls picking up new rhythm along the way. In 1910, nearly five million African Americans left the south for the
When researching the history of a specific topic, the viewpoints of historians can widely differ. My findings have concluded that each critic or historian has his own way of arguing who or what made jazz a beloved genre within American pop culture. Some even contend the location of its early origins. Throughout the text, several other sources remain indifferent in summarizing jazz. Paying no regard to any of the authors’ stance, the sources mentioned within my writing have provided beneficial information that will be used within my research assignment.
Also known as the Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties, the American people felt that they deserved to have some fun in order to forget the emotional toll and social scars left from the war. The Jazz Age was appropriately named due to the illegal activities and good times, which included music, parties, and flapper girls. Jazz was a new style of music that originated out of the New Orleans area, where one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time – Louis Armstrong – began his career. The energy of jazz was a very new and almost uncomfortable style for the very traditional, rigid family of the 1920s. Young people in particular seemed to enjoy this new music the most, as it made them feel carefree. The energy of jazz was symbolic of the era’s trans...
Black people were disenfranchised and to make it in the industry, they turned to music.
He was known as the Father of Jazz. He was most notable as an entertainer, however, he was a soloist that provided improvisations in regards to tunes. Louis Armstrong's “What a Wonderful World” is the first song that comes to many minds when discussing jazz. He is also well known for his scat singing, However, he also had a political side. In his song “What Did I Do To Be So Black and Blue,” Armstrong talks about the color of his skin as a bad thing and how blacks were treated. In World War II he fulfilled by performing for the soldiers during a recording
Louis Armstrong’s rendition of “(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue” altered various components of the original tune as he incorporated several jazz techniques typical of the 1920’s and pulled the piece out of its original context of Broadway. Doing so greatly changed the piece as a whole and its meaning, to call attention to the necessity of civil rights for the black population. Armstrong’s life was not purely devoted to music. As a civil rights advocate for the black population in the U.S., he grabbed the attention of the government through his fame and helped to bring equal rights to his brethren. But at times, Armstrong allowed his actions to undermine the importance of African American civil rights, which created negative sentiments
The rapid development of jazz in both the United States and Europe generated a number of diverse musical expressions, including musics that most listeners today would not recognize as “jazz” music. In order to remedy this situation, jazz musicians and critics after 1930 began to codify what “real” jazz encompassed, and more importantly, what “real” jazz did not encompass. This construction of authenticity, often demarcated along racial lines, served to relegate several artists and styles (those outside a “mainstream” to the margins of historiography.
As it mentioned above, the title itself, draws attention to the world-renowned music created by African Americans in the 1920s’ as well as to the book’s jazz-like narrative structure and themes. Jazz is the best-known artistic creation of Harlem Renaissance. “Jazz is the only pure American creation, which shortly after its birth, became America’s most important cultural export”(Ostendorf, 165). It evolved from the blues