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What is injustice in literature
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Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird and Twelve Angry Men
Harper Lee’s novel, “To Kill a Mockingbird”, depicts a strong sense of morality and justice through the courageous character, Atticus Finch, who desires to defend an innocent black man charged with rape in a racist atmosphere. The concept of justice is also explored in Twelve Angry Men through Henry Fonda, or Juror 8, who decides not to jump to conclusions and attempted to defend a young boy charged with first-degree murder. As a product of both these character’s dedication to their job, they gave the accused a slight “ray of hope”.
Primarily, To Kill a Mockingbird and Twelve Angry Men have a variety of similarities about the concept of justice, including the fact that both novels depict
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courtrooms in a prejudiced atmosphere and either a lawyer or a juror attempting to defend the “innocent” accused. Atticus Finch shows a strong sense of integrity and responsibility as a lawyer when he defends Tom Robinson, who was charged with rape, in a courtroom full of prejudiced characters, including the Ewells.
Furthermore, in Twelve Angry Men, Henry Fonda, or Juror 8, goes against eleven other jurors in an attempt to prove that the accused was innocent. Even with all evidence showing otherwise, Henry Fonda can teach that “digging deeper” will open more “options”. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch says “As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men everyday of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget, whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash”. Atticus Finch is truly different in the way he doesn’t agree with everyone’s opinion of black people. He displays a solid impression of justice in this quote as he points out all men are equal; no colour is superior to another. Moreover, another impression of ‘equality’ is shown in the quote “Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make …show more content…
music and sing their hearts out for us. That is why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird”. These results of justice are mimicked in Twelve Angry Men where Henry Fonda, also believes in equality. In the prejudiced environment, he stands out and declares that jumping to conclusions will always turn out badly. During a discussion, Juror 3 mentions “You’re talking about a matter of seconds! No one can be that accurate,” to which he replies “I think testimony that could put a boy into the electric chair should be that accurate”. Both of these jurors care about human life and equality in all men. In addition, To Kill a Mockingbird and Twelve Angry Men show an array of differences about the concept of justice as To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrates justice in a more racist atmosphere and Twelve Angry Men indicates justice in a more prejudiced environment.
It is thoroughly clear that in To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is the centre of attention in a very racist atmosphere. Tom Robinson, the accused black man, is hated by almost everyone in the courtroom. However, in Twelve Angry Men, there are no signs of racism as there is no difference in colour, so therefore, there are no similarities about justice in racism in Twelve Angry Men, whereas there is racism in To Kill a Mockingbird. Another difference about justice in the two novels is that in To Kill a Mockingbird, the case ended up being ‘guilty’, so justice was not done. In Twelve Angry Men, however, Juror 8 successfully convinces the other jurors that there is reasonable doubt and find the accused as ‘not guilty’, The audience may not be convinced of his innocence, but nor are they convinced of his
guilt. Lastly, it is important to consider that the similarities such as uneven justice and equality are more significant than differences such as having racism in one novel and prejudice in the other. By considering similarities more than differences, it is easier to outline the similarities between the novels and our own society. The world, still contains racist people and people with prejudice. Similarities can show how to deal with these situations in real life. Henry Fonda, says “Prejudice always obscures the truth”. Learning from quotes like these can convince that looking deeper into the hearts of people, not what is shown on the outside, can make a significant difference. Harper Lee and Reginald Rose have shown how sadistic our world can be, and it is important to take out key pieces of information to utilize in our own lives. Conclusively, To Kill a Mockingbird and Twelve Angry Men have displayed strong senses of justice and morality through the eyes of Atticus Finch and Henry Fonda. Both novels have depicted the fact that justice can be shown in an environment of racism or prejudice and that justice may not always win, but is what is right. Harper Lee and Reginald Rose have both clearly pointed this out in the world-famous novels.
The purpose of this essay is to compare three very similar cases, the Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird; and to prove why the defendant of the third trial never had a chance. Each took place in the rural South in the 1920’s and 30’s and involved the unfair conviction of young black males by all-white juries pressured by the threat of mob violence. Each lacked the evidence sufficient for conviction, most especially for the death penalty. Last, heroes emerged from each trial and made small but solid steps towards equal justice for all.
“[T]here is one way in this country in which all men are created equal- there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller; the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. That institution, gentlemen, is a court” (Lee 233). These are the words uttered by Atticus Finch, an important character in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus is a lawyer, and at this point in the novel, he is trying to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who was accused of raping a white woman. This reflects upon how society was in the 1930’s, when the color of your skin affected your chances of winning a trial. In fact, it is speculated that To Kill a Mockingbird is loosely based off of the trials of the Scottsboro Boys, a famous case from this time period. Most of the main characters associated with both trials share similar traits, experiences, and backgrounds.
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is one of the most successful works of fiction in American Literature. Although To Kill a Mockingbird is classified as a work of fiction, there is evidence to support the claim that To Kill a Mockingbird was modeled after the Scottsboro Trials of 1931. There are many parallels between the Tom Robinson trial and the Scottsboro Trials. The Scottsboro Boys were nine, young, African American men who were falsely accused of raping two white women while illegally riding a train in Alabama. Harper Lee was also about six years old when these trials took place.
Courage, integrity, and truth are three themes taught by the main characters in To Kill A Mockingbird and Mississippi Trial, 1955. The authors wanted readers to understand courage is what’s earned after completing something you thought was impossible. Integrity is shown by teaching readers to be honest, and believe in what you think is fair to others. Finally the authors’ outlined truth by showing you need to have knowledge in other’s actions in order to know the truth about them. Good authors get readers to connect similar personal experiences to the events in the book, and teach moral lessons from them. I have connected these two books to myself, and will continue to think about the themes throughout my life.
Many students and adults have read Harper Lee’s to To Kill a Mockingbird, but not all know the connections it has to a modern book written by american author, Bryan Stevenson. Some of these similarities include but are not limited to, racial profiling, theme of morals, corruption of the judicial system, as well as racial injustice and poverty.
Harper Lee sheds light upon the controversy of racism and justice in his classic novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. The notion of equality in accordance to the law and the pursuit of justice are hindered by racial discrimination. The essential essence of human nature is pondered. Are we inclined to be good or in the wrath of evil? The novel reflects on the contrasting nature of appearance versus reality.
As most everyone knows, there are differences between a book and it’s movie adaptation. This is applicable to the book and it’s movie counterpart To Kill a Mockingbird, as well. But aside from the differences, there are also similarities between these two.
To begin, parallel and conflicting characteristics can be realized by exploring the judges of the two cases. Judge Horton and Judge Taylor both presided over the cases. Judge Horton was the second of three judges in the Scottsboro cases, and Judge Taylor was the fictional judge in To Kill a Mockingbird. The two both exhibited undeniable sympathy to the defendants in the cases. Judge Horton sympathizes with the nine Scottsboro boys by declaring, “You are not trying whether or not the defendant is white or black … you are trying whether or not this defendant forcibly ravished a woman” (People and Events). It is obvious that Judge Horton was unprejudiced and believed the boys should be treated with equality. This attitude is akin to the one of Judge Taylor; Taylor assigned Atticus Finch, a notable lawyer, to the case of the fictional black character Tom Robinson. Maxwell Green, an inexperience rookie, should have been assigned the case; however due to Taylor’s empathy, Tom obtained a decent lawyer who would do h...
Tom Robinson is at the stand being questioned by Mr. Gilmer. Dill starts to feel sick because of how Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom. The narrator explains, “Well, Dill,after all he is just a negro” (Lee 266).This piece of evidence shows that prejudice is used as an antagonist in the novel by giving an unfair trial to Tom Robinson. The quote states “he is just a negro,” which shows that the trial is unfair just because of the towns racial views on people of color. The jury is all white and the case is black versus white. The jury is very biased towards the case. The prosecuting lawyers and defending lawyer are giving their closing statements. Atticus ends with a powerful speech that prove Tom is innocent and his views on race. The jury thinks over all the evidence for a long time and come to a verdict. The author of To Kill A Mockingbird quotes, “Guilty...Guilty...Guilty...Guilty…” (Lee 282). This quote shows the jury is very prejudice. There is more than enough evidence to prove Tom did not rape Mayella and that Bob Ewell beat her. Even though there is enough evidence to proves Tom’s innocence the jury’s verdict is guilty just because of their hate and their prejudice towards African Americans. Ultimately, prejudice is being used as an antagonist is very thoroughly shown throughout the entirety of the
A Time to Kill and To Kill a Mockingbird both have a number of similarities to be compared and contrasted. Both stories can be compared in their themes about justice and racial prejudice. However, this is where the similarities end. The themes and ideas in both novels are vastly different in shape and scope. In A Time to Kill justice is the main theme and most of the ideas are focused on justice and the gray in between the lines of black and white set by the law, racial prejudice is also touched upon very frequently in the comparisons between Jake Brigance and Carl Lee Hailey and how he wouldn't even have had to face trial if he was a white man. In To Kill a Mockingbird justice is a theme which is not expanded upon or explained in nearly as much detail as it is in A Time to Kill. To Kill a Mockingbird also has a much larger variety in it's themes, ranging from the themes of justice to the exploration of a child's way of perceiving right and wrong as well as the idea of coming of age. These stories are honestly and objectively far more different than they are alike.
In Harper Lee’s fictional novel To Kill A Mockingbird, an African American field hand is falsely accused of raping a white women. Set in the 1930’s in the small town of Monroeville Alabama, Addicus Finch an even handed white attorney tries to shed a light on the injustice of this innocent black man’s conviction. Atticus feels that the justice system should be color blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color.
To begin with, there are many similarities between the book and movie To Kill A Mockingbird. For example, Tom Robinson died in an attempt to escape from prison in both the book and the movie. In my opinion Tom's death was crucial to the original story, and I believe the movie would have been seen as over-sentimental if the scriptwriters had let him live. Another important similarity between the book and movie, is the mutual fascination between Arthur Radley and the children. Arthur, or Boo as the children called him, left them gifts such as dolls, a watch, and chewing gum in the hollow of a tree in his yard. The children made expeditions to the Radley house to look in the window just so they could catch a glimpse of Boo Radley. I believe this captivation was important to the story line because it was the main foundation of the children's imagination. A big part of the story was imagining Boo to be some kind of freak that came out at night to eat cats and squirrels. An additional similarity between the book and movie is the respect showed to Atticus by the African American community of Maycomb. They respected him for his courage, which by his definition meant, "It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do."(112). I think the mutual respect between the African Americans and Atticus was important not only to Atticus, but also to his children. Their father and the sad story and memories of Tom Robinson taught them the wrongs of racism. I think if the movie producers had taken out the good relationship between Atticus and the African Americans, it would be taking away one of the most important themes of the story. There are many other significant similarities between the book and the movie.
The movie “12 Angry Men” examines the dynamics at play in a United States jury room in the 1950’s. It revolves around the opinions and mindsets of twelve diverse characters that are tasked with pronouncing the guilt or innocence of a young man accused of patricide. The extraordinary element is that their finding will determine his life or death. This play was made into a movie in 1957, produced by Henry Fonda who played the lead role, Juror #8, and Reginald Rose who wrote the original screenplay. This essay will explore some of the critical thinking elements found within the context of this movie, and will show that rational reason and logic when used effectively can overcome the mostly ineffective rush to judgment that can be prevalent in a population. The juror that seemed interesting is Juror #8, who was played by Henry Fonda. Juror #8, or Davis, is an architect, the first dissenter and protagonist in the film. He was the first one to declare that the young man was innocent and he managed to convince the other jurors to see his point of view. Durkheim states that when we respond to deviance, it brings people together (Macionis, 2013, p. 159). We affirm the moral ties that bind us together, which was seen in the movie. At first, almost all of the jurors were so bent on convicting the young man based on their feelings, but they then started to analyze the facts and they came together to make their final decision.
The most obvious of the similarities are the environments of the pieces. Both To Kill a Mockingbird and “Report on the Scottsboro, Ala. Case.” take place in the 1930’s in a greatly excluded time. It is shown through the fact both cases are against black men. At this time period black people, and even more, black men were look at as the antagonists of the world. The townspeople in To Kill a Mockingbird seem like they would be nice, but as soon a black person is called into question they give them the second degree. This characterization is just like the people in the courtroom in the “Report on the Scottsboro, Ala. Case.” The report says, “The crowed was “curious not furious.”” Coming into the case that just wanted to
“You never really understood a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb into his skin and walk around it.” Atticus Finch is a man of extreme integrity. He, as both a lawyer and a human being, stands up for his democratic beliefs and encourages his children to stand up for their own, though they may stand alone. Harper Lee showed how far respect went in To Kill a Mockingbird when Atticus defended Tom Robinson in his rape trial. He did not think twice about being ridiculed by th...