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Tourism and its impacts
Tourism and its impacts
Effects of tourism
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In this chapter we focus on the political and economic crises and its negative publicity on hoteliers according to various other authors in their previous works. This Chapter also looks at the political and economic negative publicity on the overall tourism and hospitality service delivery and suggests ways of dealing with similar situations in the future.
2.2 DEFINITION OF TOURISM
There have been a number of attempts to define tourism. One of the most accepted definitions is that tourism refers to a short term movement of people to places away from where they normally live and their activities in those places during their (Beaver, 2005).
Tourism is an amalgam of activities, facilities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience (Tourism and Leisure Committee, 1997). These experiences include
According to Merriam-webster.com , Publicity can be defined as “the notice or attention given to someone or something by the media.” or “the giving out of information about a product, person, or company” (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2017). Publicity, is in fact, a way to determinate information to the general public through various media and it is thus a source of information about a destination when it comes to the tourism and hospitality industry.
2.4 MAJOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-POLITICAL RISK VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TOURISM
The factors that affect the tourism product include wars, violence, protests, riots, terrorism, public opinion and high inflation among others (Simon, 1982). The preceding factors had a toll on the tourism sector in Zimbabwe.
2.5 RELEVANT CASES TO THE STUDY
2.5.1 The Effects of the Civil War and Ebola on the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Sierra
"In the 1970s and 1980s Sierra Leone had a thriving tourism industry,” says Tony Blair, the former Prime Minister of the UK, after his trip to Sierra Leone. Later, however, the economy began staggering to a halt, and a new group rose to power with what many believed were strong and good willed beliefs.
Although the article aims at presenting a microeconomic picture of the dynamics of the hospitality industry in relation to one target variable, it provides a comprehensive picture of how the geo-political and socio-economic factors affect the performance of a hotel establishment. It must be kept in mind that this also has a significant bearing on maintenance and operation costs.
1.2 Problem Formulation In the problem formulation part of my report I would describe the overall situation of the U.K Tourism industry. The service concept of “Simply Travel” will give us information about the services provided by the company. I will find out about the customers, competitors of the company. I will find out what political, economical, social and technological factors affecting the company and its demand situation.
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
There is not really a universally accepted definition of tourism. In 1994 the World Tourism Organization (WTO) revised its definition. It says the tourism comprises of 'the activities of persons travelli...
Question 1 (A) From the beginning of the early years of capitalism, in sixteenth century, with the transforming economic and social structures, a change with regard to attitudes towards the social assistance emerged. In the history of social policy development, both poor relief and traditional charity relations had significant functions in preindustrial Europe. Marco H. D. van Leeuwen (1994) states that the wealthy had the obligation to assist the poor, and the poor had to accept the legitimacy of the social order (p.593). Through giving alms, the rich had the chance to buy “salvation,” and through accepting alms, the poor secured their subsistence. It was also a way of controlling the destitute by the wealthy.
UNEP, ‘Leakage’ 2013. Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism: Leakage. [online] Available at: http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EconomicImpactsofTourism/NegativeEconomicImpactsofTourism/tabid/78784/Default.aspx [Accessed: 10 Nov 2013].
According to the ‘World Tourism Organization’ (UNWTO), the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, as it is estimated that by the year 2020, 7.8 billion people (roughly a quarter of the world’s population) will embark on a foreign trip (Bennett & Gebhardt 15). The Caribbean is said to be the most economically dependent on this industry, as the ‘Caribbean Tourism Organisation’ states that the industry forms the “economic backbone of most countries in the Region”(“Caribbean Tourism Industry” 1). The implications for tourism’s affect on the region have arisen and have prompted further research into this matter. Since the 1970’s, research regarding tourism in the Caribbean has attempted to determine the social, cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism. Much of the research has found that there are in fact many negative adverse effects, and Jackson’s article asserts that, “Governments often commit money and other resources to support the growth and development of tourism and often turn a blind eye to its negative impacts” (574).
Is tourism an industry and if not, what is it and how can it be defined? To answer these questions we need to find the definition of industry first. An industry is a group of firms producing products and/or services that are close substitutes for each other(……). To be considered as an industry, it must meet three factors -- individual businesses, revenues of those businesses, and a common product. Now let’s see what tourism is. However, there is no single definition, that is to say no agreement on what tourism should be. There are some reasons: tourism includes a number of diverse sectors (e.g. transport, accommodation, attractions, other services); tourism includes a number of academic subjects -- some argue that as a subject tourism is conceptually weak; difficult to establish strict boundaries around tourism both as a business and as an area of academic study; weak data sources which make comparisons between countries difficult.
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
Tourism is the journey of people to destinations outside from their normal places of work and residence area. Tourism also the activities that they do during they stay in the selection destinations and the facilities created to serve for their needs. Tourism is the monetary value that tourists spent in the visit to the destination.
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence of diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘friendly’ approaches that are less destructive.
At the present time, one of the inseparable parts of the economic growth is considered as tourism industry. Commonly, tourism is the movement of people to other places for business or leisure purposes as well as covers their activities. Holloway and Humphreys defines that the places where tourists come and spend their money are called as “tourist destinations” in other words “receiving areas”. Many countries have been improving tourism to overcome economic difficulties since it is growing fast. The industry activities have been demonstrated a general positive trend in the economy and it has already become the inherent part of economic development. In host countries, tourism has led to such positive consequences as the improved infrastructure,