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Intelligence and psychological testing
Essay on intelligence tests
The significance of intelligence tests
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) On the WAIS-IV, a test of overall intellectual ability, Xxx’s estimated Full Scale IQ was within the High Average range at the 79th percentile (FSIQ=112) when compared to other individuals his age.While the FSIQ provides a broad representation of cognitive ability, describing Xxx’s domain-specific performance allows for a more thorough understanding of his functioning in distinct areas. Some individuals perform at approximately the same level in all of these areas, but most individuals display areas of cognitive strength and weakness. On the Perceptual Reasoning Index, a measure of non-verbal, visual-spatial reasoning abilities, he obtained a score of 117 (87th percentile) within the High Average …show more content…
Within the verbal domain, Xxx obtained a score of 112 (79th percentile) within the High Average range on the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), a measure of verbal reasoning abilities. His score on the Processing Speed Index (PSI), a measure of accurate visual perception and speeded visual-motor response, was in the Average range (SS= 91; 30th percentile). Examination of individual subtest performance suggests Xxx performed relatively consistently throughout the subtest. There was not a significant difference between Xxx’s VCI and PRI scores indicating balanced development between his language-related abilities and his perceptual-motor and visual reasoning abilities. His Working Memory Index score indicated High Average range abilities in mental manipulation, control, and attention. However, his Processing Speed Index score while still on par with his same age peers does demonstrate significant relative weakness for …show more content…
His Academic Applications score fell within the High Average range and was consistent with his FSIQ score on the WAIS-IV, suggesting that his ability to apply academic knowledge in order to solve problems is intact. He obtained an Average score on Applied Problems, a measure of his ability to apply foundational mathematic skills to solve word problems. He scored within the High Average range on Passage Comprehension, a measure of reading comprehension. His performance on Writing Samples was in the Superior range. There were not statistically significant discrepancies between cognitive and achievement scores to indicate the presence of a learning
In 13 patients a significant difference between verbal and performance IQ was found. In 10 of them the performance IQ was higher than the verbal. The results of subtest analysis indicate that cognitive strengths are more visible than cognitive weaknesses.
The IGAT consisted of three verbal subtests and three nonverbal subtests. The verbal subtests included Information, Analogies, and Vocabulary. The nonverbal subsets included Spatial Relations, Mazes, and Language Comprehension. The verbal tests examine the understanding and comprehension skills of the test taker. The Spatial Relations and Mazes tests examines the test taker’s broad visual intelligence and ability to analyze abstract visual stimuli. The Language Comprehension test examines the test taker’s ability to find words in a sequence of scrambled letters as quickly as possible. The scores on the IGAT are given in three areas including verbal score, nonverbal score, and a total score. The scores of the IGAT are represented by standard scores and percentiles. The scores on this test have an average of 100 and a standard deviation of
Not only does the KBIT-2 lack in accommodating for cultural and language barriers, but it is also deficient towards those with mild to moderate motor difficulties due to the fact that the test requires minimal motor skills (Bain & Jaspers, 2010). However, since the test does not require time limits individuals with mild motor difficulties could be assessed. Overall, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition appears to be psychometrically strong and feasible assessment to administer (Bain & Jaspers, 2010).
Woodcock, R. W., & Johnson, M. B. (1989). WJ-R Tests of Cognitive Ability. Itasca, IL:
In order for a test to have appeal is must have validity (Cohen, 2012). The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales has been praised for its validity, and it utilizes the CHC model with is a composite model of intelligence (Cohen, 2012). The Wechsler model also shows strong validity and it also uses the CHC model (Cohen,
Jastak believed that academic performance should also be considered during a cognitive assessment battery. He believed that assessing both academic codes and cognitive processes provided a more complete view of individual abilities. It has undergone several revisions, with the WRAT–Revised (WRAT-R) in 1978, the WRAT–Third Edition (WRAT3) in 1993, and the WRAT4 in 2006. Expanding on the earlier versions, new features of the WRAT4 include a Sentence Comprehension subtest and a reading composite score (Wilkinson & Robertson, 2006). (WRAT-4) has the following subtests: Word Reading, including word recognition and identification, Sentence Comprehension, which measures the individual’s ability to comprehend ideas in sentences, Spelling, which is a written test that is presented orally by the test proctor, and Math Computation, which includes number identification, written math problems, counting, and some simple oral
Developed by Linda Brown, Rita Sherbenou, and Susan Johnsen and published by pro.ed The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4) is an assessment that uses abstract reasoning and figural problem solving to estimate general intellectual ability. The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Fourth Edition (TONI-4) is a measure of general intelligence relying heavily on a nonverbal format and limited motor responses. The TONI-4 is designed to assess abstract/figural problem-solving skills of children and adults varying from ages 6 to 89 who have language, hearing, and motor difficulties. The TONI-4 has two equivalent versions, Form A and Form B, each of which consists of 60 items listed in
In this world, there are many different individuals who are not only different in demographics but also different neurologically. Due to an immense amount of people it is important to first understand each individual, in order, to better understand them and to help them when it comes to certain areas such as education, the work force, and etc…. For this reason psychologists have aimed to further understand individuals through the use of psychological assessments. This paper aims to examine a particular assessment tool, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (Fifth Edition), which measures both intelligence and cognitive abilities (Roid, 2003). This assessment is usually administered by psychologists and the scores are most often used to determine placement in academics and services allotted to children and adolescents (despite their compatibility for adults) (Wilson & Gilmore, 2012). Furthermore before the investigation dives into the particulars of the test, such as its strengths and weakness’, it is best to first learn more about the intelligence scales general characteristics.
Scientists have always had an idea of how our brains function and how fast they figure out problems, but recently Scientists have researching more on how Cognitive Processes work. In these studies Scientists have discovered that two types of Intelligences exist Fluid Intelligence and Accumulated Intelligence, they have also discovered a set of Cognitive abilities that affect these Intelligences. Recently I took part in a study for my cousin Thomas who is studying Psychology for the University Of Utah. I was asked to log into a computer and was asked to complete a bunch of problems and simple memory games like which color appeared first to more complicated questions that required me to remember faces and the name of the person the face belonged
According to the assessment, Mr. Jones scored a raw score of 53 in Word Reading which yielded a standardized score of 87 and was measured below average. For Sentence Comprehension, Mr. Jones scored a raw score of 40 which yielded a standardized score of 89, which was also below average. In the area of Spelling, Mr. Jones scored a raw score of 36 which yielded a standardized score of 88; this score also ranked at below average. However, Mr. Jones ranked above average in Math Computation with a raw
Isaac was administered the Differential Ability Scales – Second Edition (DAS-II) to assess his overall thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. The DAS-II provides a measure of overall cognitive abilities, as well as measure of verbal and nonverbal skills, spatial reasoning, processing speed and working memory. The DAS-II yields standard scores, which have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Scores between 90 and 109 are considered Average for all individuals. Subtest scores are reported as T-scores.
My observation was conducted at Central Mass Collaborative in Worcester, Ma with Mrs. Carol DeAngelis. She stated that she will be testing a fourteen year old male student on applied problems and spelling through the 4th edition of the Woodcock Johnson Academic Achievement Test. The student appeared to be comfortable and relaxed with Mrs. DeAngelis. She prompted the student to take his time also indicated to him that she’ll be more than happy to rereading the questions if needed. During the testing the student was very attentive and stayed focus on the questions answering most of the applied problems correctly. His posture was a little sluggish, but maintain awareness with asking for Mrs. DeAngelis repeat a question when needed. The first
Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1967). ‘Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence’. Acta Psychological, 26, 107-129.
Adult development throughout the cognitive changes in adulthood is influence by two kinds of intellectual resources which are fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Research shows some abilities begin to decline early, many cognitive capacities seem to show improvements with age and show only small average declines after ages 55 to 60 (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015 pg 489). When discussing the cognitive change, longitudinal method is use to measure because it follows people over time (Broderick & Blewitt 2015; Ghisletta, 2012; Rabbitt, 2012; Lunn, 2012; Lindenberger, 2012).
It provides accurate and efficient measures of a student’s abilities needed to acquire the desired scholastic aptitude outcomes. It provides information about a student’s capacity to learn and determine if his /or her verbal skills (verbal reasoning and comprehension) and non-verbal abilities (figural and numerical reasoning) are at par with the students of his age and grade level. The test was designed specifically for the purpose of assessing examinee’s ability to cope successfully with school learning tasks. To classify them for school learning functions, and to evaluate their achievement in relation to the talents they bring to school learning situations (Otis & Lennon, 1979 p.4-6). As Oakland (1985) indicated, “the theoretical basis and purpose of the OLSAT are similar to those of earlier tests”, incorporating Spearman’s theory (1927) as modified by Vernon (1960) which conceptualizes intelligence as having two general factors , a verbal-education factor and a practical-mechanical factor. As for OLSAT, the test measures the verbal-educational factor only (Otis & Lennon, 1979 p.4) through a variety of tasks that call for the application of several processes to verbal comprehension – measures the ability to manipulate or respond to information through the use of language such as following directions, sentence completion, sentence arrangement, and antonyms; verbal reasoning – measures the ability to discover patterns or relationships and to solve problems through language such aural reasoning, verbal analogy, arithmetic reasoning, logical selection, verbal classification, inference, and word matrix; figural reasoning – assesses reasoning skills independently of language such as figural classification, pattern matrix, figural series, and figural analogy; quantitative reasoning – assess the ability to discover patterns or relationships and