For my project I choose to show the difference that wearing spikes can make on a runners short sprinting speed. For this experiment I asked for 10 volunteers from the school track and field team to assist me. One-by-one the athletes would sprint (full speed) 50 meters without spikes on and i would record their times. Then after about 5 mins rest they would be asked to put on their spikes and sprint another 50 meters with me recording their times. Then the two times will be compared together for each athlete, to show if running with spikes affects the times that the athletes run. Having 10 athletes run 50 meters (full speed each time) one at a time with tennis shoes on, and record their times for each run (as it is only me timing and in order to get accurate times for each athlete they can only run one at a time. …show more content…
This does help with proper rest time as while one athlete runs the others can recover properly). After a very long rest time (the reason that i choose to do short sprints is because it uses anaerobic respiration that does not require oxygen and therefore the runners can recover to full strength in shorter amounts of time) they athletes will be asked to put on their spikes and repeat the process in the same order of running one at a time 50 meters. I decided to do a experiment on something that affects my life daily, the usefulness of running in spikes.
Because I run track I am around spikes everyday and due to the exposure to this type of shoe i began wondering just how much it helps the runners. My null hypothesis was that the speed between tennis shoes and spikes would be equal and my alternate ways that spikes would make the runners faster. The alpha levels used in this experiment was .05 meaning that anything below this number would reject the alternate, saying that spikes do not make the runner much faster and any number above the alpha would accept the alternate saying that spikes do make a difference in running. I used a 1-sample T Test to test my hypothesis, subtracting the two times from one another and plugging in one set of data. The average of the data was .42 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.585 seconds. After plugging the averages into a calculator i managed to get a t-value of 1.505. After entering this into the normalcdf function I get a p-value of around .06616 meaning that we would reject the null and accept the alternate hypothesis that the spikes make the runners
faster. Overall the spikes make the subjects run faster by an average of .44 seconds (which is moderately fast due to the fact that we are running 50 meters). But when looking at individual times not everyone improved when wearing spikes, some peoples times went down even with spikes on. The only reason that I can think of this happening is either because they were not running as fast the second 50 meters of the wind picked up right as they were running and running into wind could affect times drastically with short distances. Out of all the times that were recorded they generally went up at about the same intervals. There were two individuals that improved unfathomable amount. One ran 1.74 seconds faster and one ran 1.48 seconds faster (from 7.99 to 6.25 and from 7.66 to 6.18). If we were to extract these outliers from the data the average increase would be .184 but due to these number the average increase rockets to .44. Like mentioned earlier some people might not have ran their absolute hardest on the first 50 meters throwing off their times and overall my experiment. The volunteers were hard to come by too due to the fact that i cannot force people to run if they do not want to run. The way that this problem was solved was i asked the coaches that if the athletes ran for me if they would let them skip a part of the workout. This worked well and i managed to obtain 12 volunteers to run. One of the major obstacles that i ran into was not having a way to accurately time the runners. We did not have a start gun to get them to all start at the same time and we did not have a “official” 50 meter finish marker. The timing accuracy of each runner will vary and in short sprints that could affect everything. But because this experiment was how people improved i kept everything consistent. So it might not be exactly 50 meters but if a volunteer ran the same distance each time and improved with the spikes it doesn't matter as much about the accuracy of the next person compared to this person but instead this person first time to his second time. Some ways that this project could be extended pertains to what i mentioned in the last paragraph; increasing the accuracy of the timing. Obtaining a start gun and a finish line camera would make the times become much more accurate and reliable. Another way would be to increase the distances, to see how spikes affect long distance versus short distance versus middle distance and see which one is affected by spikes the most. Managing more runners would also give a more diverse timing effort and make the results much more interesting to compare.
Results: The experiments required the starting, ending, and total times of each run number. To keep the units for time similar, seconds were used. An example of how to convert minutes to seconds is: 2 "minutes" x "60 seconds" /"1 minute" ="120" "seconds" (+ number of seconds past the minute mark)
Over a three week period a test subject was instructed to come to the exercise physiology lab once a week. The purpose of the first week was to determine the baseline test data for the participant. During this first week, the subject was asked how many hours of sleep they had gotten the night before and how much they weighed. The subject was then instructed to put on a heart monitor and wear an O2 apparatus and begin running on a treadmill. This treadmill was set at zero incline for the beginning of the run until three minutes had passed. At the three minute mark the incline increased by 2.5%. After this the incline was continuously increased by 2.5% every two minutes. During this process, the VO2 and RER exchange rate of the subject was being tracked through the O2 apparatus. Their heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds. In addition, the subject was asked their perceived exertion at every increase in incline. The subject continued to run until they could not run anymore, at this time they would hop off the treadmill.
Another weakness in the experimental design was that the reliability of the experiment was very low. As each test subject was only tested against each amount of prior exercise once, the impact of random errors is likely very large, which can be seen by the spread of the data on the graph. Although, this was attempted to be rectified by averaging the results of all four test subjects, it does not improve reliability too
The purpose of this experiment was to identify which brand of mint gum holds its flavor the longest. The four brands I chose were Orbit, Trident, Ice Breakers, and Wrigley's Doublemint My hypothesis was that Trident brand would last the longest and Wrigley's Doublemint would last the shortest. I did not use any people in my test. I chewed the same amount of gum at a time and the gum was all the same flavor, mint. All the gum was bought at the same time from the same store. I chewed the four brands of gums between periods of time. When chewing, I timed myself with a stopwatch. When I believed the gum ran out of flavor, I stopped the timmer and recorded the time. My hypothesis was incorrect. Instead of Trident, Orbit lasted the longest. However
1.There will be two groups, the control and experimental groups. Each group will have the same amount of participants with equal numbers of boys and girls. The first group will be the control group(rest). The second group will be the experimental group(exercise).
Soccer are footwear which are worn for playing soccer. They play an integral part in a player’s performance. Modern day soccer cleats are far from the basic soccer cleats of the past. They involve different types of science and technology.
Football is a sport your mother warns you not to play, but your father is on the other side of the argument, encouraging you to do it because it is a “man’s game”. Even though you don’t want ruin your manhood, your mother is always right. Football is in the top three of most injuries caused in sports (HEALTH GRADES, INC) and a majority of it comes from concussions. A concussion is a temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. Football helmets are used to prevent that from happening and is still a battle today on creating the perfect helmet to protect these young athletes. The football helmet has undergone significant transformation during the evolution of the game. To find out how this important head gear came to be, you have to
Another confound that may impact the results of this study could be the testing effect. Repeated testing may lead to better or worse performance. Changes in performance on the test may be due to prior experience with the test and not to the independent variable. In addition, repeated testing fatigues the subjects, and their performance declines as a result (Jackson, 2012). Because the professor is interested in determining if the implementation of weekly quizzes would improve test scores, an experimenter and/or an instrumentation effect may also affect results.
1. Is the international market arena in which your athletic footwear company competes characterized by multicountry competition or global competition? Explain why.
n hypothesis of the experiment is that the group containing four members will perform better than the group containing two members. This is the foundation from which we have conducted our experiment.
...executed was on the AstroTurf outside the school. This could have affected the subject’s performance and how the results were measured. To improve this, the experiment should have been carried out in a science lab on a treadmill so that the environment is constant and so that the heart rates are easier to measure. Thirdly, the temperature of when the experiment took place was about 10°C which may have affected the subject’s performance. If this experiment were recurrent then 5 subjects would do it inside (room temp. 21°C) using the treadmills and wearing the right clothing, and another 5 would do it outside to see if this factor did in fact affect the results and cause them not to be as accurate as it could be. Then we would be able to compare the two temperatures. Overall this experiment ran smoothly with some problems, which can be improved as I explained above.
Women are always searching for the right shoe. There are so many different styles, types, colors, and even heights. To me the two most common types are high heels and flats. Well, at least in today’s fashion those are the two most common. Both, if paired with the correct outfit are simply stunning. High heels offer a sexier look that’s nearly impossible to get from a flat shoe. Nevertheless, I feel very strongly about women in high heels. They make your legs look longer, butt look better, and they are sexier than flats. On the other hand, if you’re running around and being busy all day, nothing feels better than a cute pair of flats. Its time we hit the ground running as we explore the real similarities and differences of the two common types of shoes, in which I mean comfort, styles, and versatility.
A bone spur, also called an osteophyte, is a growth that forms on a normal bone. These growths form most often in joints where bones meet each other. The most common places for bone spurs include the spine, shoulders, hands, hips, knees, and feet (Healthwise, 2014). A bone spur forms due to the body’s natural response to heal itself. This process of building extra bone is the body’s defense from pressure, rubbing, or stress to a bone that continues over a long period of time (Healthwise, 2014). Since the bone spurs have no surrounding protective cartilage like other bones, they may rub against other bones, blood vessels, or nerves causing slight discomfort or even severe pain (Bienvenue, 2009).
Shoes are not only worn to protect the human feet. They are also worn because they add the final touch to the style you are trying to create. The history of shoes is very long and nobody really knows when the first shoes were created but we do know that they were originally made to warm the feet. Now, there are many different types and each kind helps you function a different way. The shoe is also made up of many parts and every kind of shoe has different parts then other types. Year by year, shoes have been improving and becoming more and more popular. Now, we have all the equipment and all the materials we need to make the shoe better than ever.