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One child policy in china essay
One child policy in china essay
The effects of China's one child policy
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Japan Weak Corporate Governance There are at least three areas that encompass ‘weak corporate governance’, 1. Multiple Prime Ministers from different parties 2. Inconsistent and ineffective policies and 3. Leadership. Multiple Prime Ministers: Since 2000, there have been 9 prime ministers in Japan. Nine continues years of leadership was represented from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), three short years were represented by the Democratic Party of Japan (DJP) and since December 2012 Prime Minister Shinzo Abe serves representing the LDP. The LDP and DJP have very different views—the DJP tends to be more pro-worker and the LDP tends to more pro-businesses. (Sieg, 2010). Prime Ministers tend to push for laws that are of the interest to their party and each Prime Minister may have a slightly different approach than their predecessor. It’s tough to see change plans keeps changing. Inconsistent and Ineffective Policies: An example of inconsistent policies was in 2010, when Prime Minister Hatoyama of the DJP, deregulated laws passed in 2004 that were put in place by the LDP. Three years later, today, the current Prime Minister Abe of the LDP, has a new and completely different plan to address stagnation. Again, it’s tough to see change when policies are inconsistent. Some policies have been ineffective. An example of an ineffective policies is when Prime Minister Hatoyama addressed the issue of companies hiring temporary workers with planned hiring limits. According to Richard Jerram, chief economist at Macquire Securities (Japan) limited, this policy would only exacerbated the problem. (Sieg, 2010). Another example of an ineffective policy is regulatory forbearance in the 1990’s. These regulations were designed to help ‘struggling’ ... ... middle of paper ... ...rently under the “one child policy” some families were having more than one child). (Reuters, 2013a).` Industrial Over Capacity-To address industrial over capacity, China’s Prime Minister Li Keqiang said that they would “strengthen environmental protection, energy consumption, and technology standards; abolish preferential policies; absorb some excess production capacity, and strictly control increases in production capacity.” (Roberts, 2014). China will also decreases obsolete excess capacity of steel, cement and plate glass. These actions should improve productivity. Aging Workforce-To address the aging work force slight changes have been made to the one child policy (previously mentioned), but in the short run there isn’t a lot that China can do now. Suggestions such as opening up immigration policy and increasing the child policy have been made. (Pozen, 2013).
Instead of the current administration making a swift and decisive action to deal with these insolvent institutions, there were many bureaucratic attempts to delay action so that the problems would not become a polit...
Feng Wang and Cai Yong stated that the fertility rate was already declining and the policy wasn’t necessary for the Chinese people, especially because of the enormous costs. The fertility rate, which is the number of children the average woman has in her lifetime, in China started at 2.7 in 1979 and decreased to 1.7 in 2008. The article “China’s One Child Policy at 30” argued that the policy did not need to be introduced in China because the rates were already lower than Brazil at 4.2 and Thailand at 3.6.
In 1900 Britain was in many respects the world’s leading nation, enjoying a large share of world trade, a dominant position in the international money market, and possessing a far flung empire supported by the world’s most powerful navy. Japan was a complete contrast, sharing with Britain only the fact that it too was a nation of Islands lying off the shore of a major continent. Until the 1860s it had possessed a social and economic structure more akin to that of feudal, rather than twentieth century, Europe. By the 1990s, the positions were almost reversed. This paper sets out to examine the contrasting democratic political systems of the two nations and to explore the social and democratic consequences of the changes that have occurred.
In 1979, China decided to establish a one child policy which states that couples are only allowed to have one child, unless they meet certain exceptions[1].In order to understand what social impacts the one child policy has created in China it important to evaluate the history of this law. China’s decision to implement a Child policy has caused possible corruption, an abuse of women’s rights, has led to high rates of female feticide, has created a gender ratio problem for China, and has led to specific problems associated with both the elderly and younger generation. Finally, an assessment of why China’s one child policy is important to the United States allows for a full evaluation of the policy.
Leadership Reviews are used widely throughout Canada at federal and provincial levels. A modern example of the way that leadership reviews insures that Politian’s are not using their power, as a political power to abuse the system is Alberta’s Premier Alison Redford who recently had a leadership review vote to see if there was going to be an election for a new Premier. Leadership reviews are most common in parties at the provincial level, although the federal level is not directly considered a leadership review it can be seen as a form of leadership review through responsible government. Responsible government is used in the House of Commons to ensure that the Prime Minister is respecting the wishes of the house and that they are keeping the promises that they made. Leadership Reviews are commonly seen in parties who are in power and running the government, but parties who are not in power could benefit from such policies because it could be the work of superiors that are lowering t...
However, the wish of having multiple children, especially boys, was challenged by the strict One Child policy in 1979. The One Child policy, also known as Family Planning policy, was implemented across the country as one of fundamental national policies under the administration of Population and Family Planning Commission. Based on the purpose of lowering fertility rates to ease social pressure and improve living standard, a married couple is only allowed to have one child with some exceptions made for some ethnic minorities and rural families. The majority of citizens are classified by ethnics and occupations to fit the specific regulations of compensations and punishments to prevent them from having a second child (Li, J., & Cooney, R, S. 1993).
Japanese politics until 1994 has always been characterised by a single party dominance; this party is the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). The LDP ruled the country for more than three decades, it in fact stayed in power from 1955 to 1994. With the defeat of LDP in 1994 and the creation of a new electoral reform the stale Japanese political situation, characterised by a confused voting system and by a weak central body was reshaped and most of its typical element's functions were changed.
...ovision of value. Keeping within the Canadian perspective Kernaghan, Marson, and Boris (2000) stress that the concepts embrace three approaches to public sector governance. They are the importance of reducing the role of the state in society; importance of restructuring and reforming the nature and working of government organizations; and the importance of improving management capabilities and practices within the public sector through participatory decision making and employee empowerment. Even though this is a good way to reform government, the choice depends on the degree of support within government for substantial change to its way of organizing and delivering public service. Most Canadian governments have been more moderate and centrist in their application of NPM approaches, stressing managerial reforms over the wholesale reinvention of government systems.
Japan needs to have more babies. The population of Japan is declining, and the birth rate is a base problem. People just aren’t having enough babies anymore. This will be problematic, as Tomm says “The consequences have had negative effects as fertility rate continues to decline and life expectancy continues to increase”. After the birth rate has been declining for the past four decades, the old far outnumber the young at a ratio of nearly 2:1(“Japan Age structure”). There aren’t enough workers to pay into social security. Social problems like traditional gender roles and stereotypes negatively impact the growth of the population. Because of their work-centric lifestyles, social problems, and child related expenses, Japan’s birth rate is severely declining.
China originally created this policy to control the nation's population with hopes to stop wide-spread poverty. The people alone could not solve the problem, so the government decided to intervene, creating the One Child Policy. The law was established by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to limit China's population growth, and to conserve resources. The One Child Policy was designed to be temporary; however, it still continues to this day. The policy limits couples to have one child only. Consequences such as: fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and even forced sterilization accompanied second or subsequent pregnancies (Rosenberg). The policy was initially more like a voluntary agreement; where families who decided to have only one child would get full benefits for that child. Couples with two kids would get the same benefits as ones with one child if it was authorized by the government. However, couples who decided to have a third child would suffer penalties. The couples who had more than two children had to unde...
From 1955 to 1993, Japan?s legislature, or House of Representatives, was dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party. This meant that the president of the party was guaranteed to become prime minister. That element should have ensured the office of prime minister to be one of the
Principles for good governance in the 21st century- Policy Brief No.15- August 2003 By John Draham et al.
...hese have to do with deep-rooted features of the surrounding context that make it difficult to adopt particular policy options or put them into effect. They can take many different forms. Constitutional provisions and the political system form a vital constraint that can limit the range of options available in a given situation. For example, the existence of two or more levels of government in federal systems impose similar constraints because many national policies require intergovernmental agreement, something that can be impossible or very-consuming to obtain. It requires decentralisation of policies in multi-level systems of government. To improve policy formulation, managers are advised to undertake the collection of necessary information in advance on various aspects of emerging and existing problems and develop proposed solutions for use by key policy-makers.
Rosenberg, M. (2010, 11 17). China's one child policy. Retrieved 01 31, 2011, from About.com:
This critique paper is about the Policy on Good Governance and the Rule of Law, Chapter 7 of the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 of the Aquino Administration, published by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).