Water Management Essay

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Introduction
Water, a vital resource for every biological phenomenon is essential for human civilization, living organisms and natural habitat. water is a primary input to all goods and services either directly or indirectly; the available quantity and quality can affect the production of goods and services and thus influences the level of economic activities especially in quickly transforming societies, from agricultural based towards industrialized and modernizing economies.
It is a merit good: without water, life itself and human development would be impossible. Water is already a scarce resource in most of India and severity of scarcity is increasing every year. Simultaneously, there is an increased awareness about the economic importance of water and the tussle for access to and use of available water is also getting more intense. In addition to, inter-state and international disputes, now there are disputes between various users groups, viz. farmers versus urban users, farmers versus industry, all human users versus environment, etc.
A standard principle of resolution of such disputes is the existing use should be protected and balance water can be negotiated. However, determining the existing use or balance water available is far more complicated than what it seems. With increasing scarcity it is clear that use of water will have to be made more efficient in every sector. The concept of water footprint of various products have been introduced, though not yet in use, a few industries have started internal water audits and attempts are being made to introduce benchmarking of irrigation systems.
All these initiatives require establishing of water accounting protocols. “Water accounting” refers to not only measurement and esti...

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...during the dry months while keep maintaining sustainable groundwater levels.
(Natalia Peranginangin, Ramaswamy Sakthivadivel, Norman R. Scott, Eloise Kendy, Tammo S. Steenhius-2003)

5. Green and blue water accounting in the Ganges and Nile basins: Implications for food and agricultural policy: most food globally is produced form soil moisture that comes exclusively form precipitation, or “green” water and irrigation “blue” water has typically been focus for policy analysis in the past given the possibility for human manipulation of these resources. Results shows the importance of green/blue water accounting presenting a wider range of agricultural science and technology policy options for increasing global crop productivity across a span of potential futures.
(Timothy B. Sulser, Claudia Ringler, Tingju Zhu, Siwa Msangi, Elizabeth Bryan, Mark W. Rosegrant-2009)

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