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Women in medieval western civilization
Women in medieval time
Women in medieval and early modern period
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This week we have two main characters: Christine de Pizan and Catherine of Siena. Since I focused on the readings of Christine de Pizan, this tutorial journal is going to focus on her. Christine de Pizan, a medieval woman born in 1364 in Pizzano, had an unusual life story to tell. After the period of happy childhood in palace, she married with a nobleman. But the fortune started to decline by the death of Charles V in 1380. Thomas’ salary was reduced, and he died in 1384. In 1389, her husband also died due to an epidemic and she became a widow. I think these unfortunate experiences deeply affected her destiny, also her writing style. She may not start writing if these misfortunes happened. There’s three of her characteristics I want to appreciate: …show more content…
In that chaotic period, she did something different. With her talents and hard-working, she had become a famous writer and poet in medieval France. Nowadays, teenagers can still learn from her courage and perseverance. Week 10 tutorial journal This week’s topic is the Peasant’s Revolt (or Wat Tyler’s Rebellion) happened in England in 1381. This is the greatest people’s movement in England’s history. The revolt was regarded as the significant event of the decline of serfdom in Europe. In this journal, I want to explain the causes of the revolt and why it failed at the end. The cause of the revolt was very complicated. In my opinion, there were three main causes: First, the government imposed unreasonable taxes on people. In 1351, the population and labour force sharply decreased due to Black Death. The King Edward III then implemented the law Statute of Labourers. This law worsened the living standard of the peasants. Their fury further increased due to three times impose of head tax. The peasants of Essex resisted the heavy taxation and directly led to the outbreak of the …show more content…
This is a reason that always neglected by people, and I do believe the war triggered the outbreak of the revolt. After getting advantages in first few decades, the French started to turn around under the leadership of the King Charles V. He restarted the Estates General, strengthened the taxation system and reformed the troops. In 1369, he restarted the war against England and regained number of cities. He also sent his navy to intrude the coast of England. The county of Essex and Kent, which were located near to English Channel, were the major victims. I believe the revolt initiated in these places were the result of both internal and external
Christine De Pizan’s work in The Book of The City of Ladies pioneers a new genre of feminist literature that exposes a time period from the perspective of its female population. Due to this, De Pizan justifiably earns the title of a revolutionary author. However, to say that De Pizan revolutionized the conditions of women in the medieval ages and onward is an overstatement. In her book, De Pizan critiques sexist arguments in order to defend women against misogyny. The change that De Pizan presented in medieval culture was gradual because she was attempting to amend people’s perspectives on women rather than offer any institutional rectifications. She worked to establish that women can be just as mighty as men, and thus, they are not innately inferior. However, her goal was not to ensure that women have equal access to exercise and pursue their virtuous roles. Therefore, if observed
The causes of the two rebellions and the threats they pose are a response to the failure of the Lord Protector to rule as an effective leader. However, it is not to be said that is it entirely his fault since many of the problems he or Edward VI had inherited. Though some were simply out of his control like bad harvest other were worsened by his judgements such as the continuation of the war and debasing of the coinage.
The French revolted due to political, economic, and social injustices. Politically, the government was a mess. An absolute ruler can only be beneficial to the people if they cater to
The causes of the peasants’ revolt included lack of compensation for services, feelings of spiritual inequality, lords refusing peasant freedom without reimbursement, and the peasants’ manipulation of Lutheran principles; while the responses to the revolt incorporated negativity, violence, and authority
Many Americans tried to return to their old lives after the Revolutionary War. It was easy for some, but it was difficult or near impossible for the others. Many farmers had a hard time reverting to their post-revolutionary ways and ordeals, and this proved challenging. Suffering from high debt, farmers in central Massachusetts and western Massachusetts tried to start over and build new lives. The government, on the other hand, did nothing to assist Americans who were trying to return to their lives from the brutality of war. Farmers were put were imprisoned by law enforcement for lack of paying off their debts. All of these issues caused a small rebellion which grew into one of the largest armed rebellions after the Revolutionary War. The leader of the Rebellion, Daniel Shays, later called his band of angry farmers Shays’ Rebellion. Shays’ Rebellion was a poorly planned and unnecessary revolt hurting the cause it meant to help.
“In the first years of peacetime, following the Revolutionary War, the future of both the agrarian and commercial society appeared threatened by a strangling chain of debt which aggravated the depressed economy of the postwar years”.1 This poor economy affected almost everyone in New England especially the farmers. For years these farmers, or yeomen as they were commonly called, had been used to growing just enough for what they needed and grew little in surplus. As one farmer explained “ My farm provides me and my family with a good living. Nothing we wear, eat, or drink was purchased, because my farm provides it all.”2 The only problem with this way of life is that with no surplus there was no way to make enough money to pay excessive debts. For example, since farmer possessed little money the merchants offered the articles they needed on short-term credit and accepted any surplus farm goods on a seasonal basis for payment. However if the farmer experienced a poor crop, shopkeepers usually extended credit and thereby tied the farmer to their businesses on a yearly basis.3 During a credit crisis, the gradual disintegration of the traditional culture became more apparent. During hard times, merchants in need of ready cash withdrew credit from their yeomen customers and called for the repayment of loans in hard cash. Such demands showed the growing power of the commercial elite.4 As one could imagine this brought much social and economic unrest to the farmers of New England. Many of the farmers in debt were dragged into court and in many cases they were put into debtors prison. Many decided to take action: The farmers waited for the legal due process as long as them could. The Legislature, also know as the General Court, took little action to address the farmers complaints. 5 “So without waiting for General Court to come back into session to work on grievances as requested, the People took matters into their own hands.”6 This is when the idea for the Rebellion is decided upon and the need for a leader was eminent.
Thiebaux, Marcelle. The Writings of Medieval Women: An Anthology. New York: Garland Publishing. 1994. Print.
The French Revolution started during 1789, it allowed for the people to have a better government that actually protected the natural rights of the people. This toke a nearly a decade of rioting and violence for the Third Estate to have their way and get the rights they deserved. From all the causes like the famine of wheat, long debts because of wars, the heavy taxes, and their rights not being protected, some causes stood out more than the others. It is noted that these reasons had to play a major role in order for the French Revolution to occur. The three most important causes of the French revolution are the ideas that came from the Enlightenment, the Old Regime not being an efficient class system, and the heavy taxation.
One of the most important results of the Black Death is the end of feudalism. The labor force was so low that workers could refuse to work, demand a wage, and the aristocrats had no choice but to listen. Peasant revolts in France and England also played an important role in the end of feudalism. The French government, in an attempt to pay ransom to England for the return of their king, spiked tax rates on the French residents. The peasants at the time felt that the government was weak, and the increased taxes infuriated them, resulting in a rebellion that came to be known as the Jacquerie. Similar events took place in England a generation later. In 1381, peasants rebelled against high tax rates and frozen wages by marching on London an...
Joan of Arc was just an average girl until she put on the helmet and hoisted the sword that changed the course of her life. Joan was a soldier for France during the Hundred Years War. Not only was she a woman on the battlefield, but she led an army at the age of 16. Both her effort in the battles and her trial majorly changed the outcome of the war. Joan of Arc changed society and continues to influence history today through her poor upbringing and dedicated early life, her heroics and bravery in battle, her courage and defiance during her trial, and her role and influence as a Catholic saint.
The commoners of France began to revolt after hearing the ideas of famous philosophers like Voltaire. Voltaire was a deist who believed that the Catholic Church and its doctrines were not to be trusted since they used propaganda to get followers rather than the actual religion. He believed it was unfair that there wasn’t any religious freedom since you were expected to be a Catholic. He spoke openly about this, which of course got him into a lot of trouble. Nevertheless, the French commoners took his word into thought and decided to act upon what he said by revolting against the church.
After the Black Death took the cities, shortly after it spread into the villages and farms. Killing the farm workers, the Black Death left crops not gathered which led to a shortage of food supplies and people to starve. Because of the mortality and the labor shortage, prices of goods dropped while the wages rose. Landowners were so desperate that they tried everything to keep the peasants to work for them. This gave the perfect opportunity for the laborers to demand higher wages how much they were valued. During the epidemic, the societies in Europe found their own ways to live through the Black Death. Some people thought that it God that created the plague, so he can punish the people because of their sins. Other people tried to enjoy as much as possible their last moments of their lives because they knew they would eventually die. Day and night people were getting drunk and move from one tavern to another and satisfying every last-minute wish they could. A social long-term consequence of the Black Death was that people lost their faith and were against God because he could not save them from the epidemic. Another consequence covers the economic change of the lower and middle-class people. During the 14th century peasants were at the very bottom but thanks to the Black Death their lives changed dramatically. After the epidemic was over, they were very
Not only was this war between kings, but lesser nobles too were fighting for their own interests, while they fought for their country. Looking back two centuries earlier can be seen as the true cause for this war. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a subject of the French King. The French speaking English Kings to follow gained more and more land from the English. But the English King still ruled two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne. In the 14th century, the French king Philip VI demanded that the English return these provinces to the French. When Edward III denied Philip VI of this, saying that Philip's claim to the French thrown was not as strong as Edward's own right to rule both France and England, war broke out.
Kate Chopin was a woman and a writer far ahead of her time. She was a realistic fiction writer and one of the leaders and inspirational people in feminism. Her life was tragic and full of irregular events. In fact, this unusual life had an enormous effect on her writings and career. She depicted the lifestyle of her time in her works. In most of her stories, people would find an expansion of her life’s events. In her two stories “The Storm” and “The Story of One Hour” and some of her other works she denoted a lot of her life’s events. Kate Chopin is one of those writers who were influenced by their life and surrounded environment in their fiction writing, and this was very clear in most of her works.
The French also saw how the Americans overthrew an absolute monarch and obtained freedom (Krieger 484). The fourth underlying cause was the writings and teachings of several well known philosophers. Many people took up ideas from philosophers such as John Locke, who advocated freedom from oppression (Krieger 461). An immediate cause of the French Revolution was the rising price of bread. The grain harvest had been low the previous year, so the price of bread rose.