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War and post traumatic stress disorder
Mental and physical effects of war
The emotional effects of war on soldiers
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Throughout history, there has always been wars. Whether it was about pride, money, or territories, they all have one thing in common. All the soldiers in these wars have taken on characteristics of animals. "Only by doing so can a soldier survive. This is true in any war situation."1 They become vicious, braver, protective, develop better senses, and after the war, they do not want to remember what happened in the battle field.
Animals are vicious. Animals have to be vicious to survive. They have to be vicious to be able to protect themselves from other animals, their enemies, and predators. Soldiers, like animals, also become vicious. They take this attitude to be able to survive. "No longer can we lie helpless, waiting, we can be vicious and destroy and kill like animals, to save ourselves..."2 They have to mask themselves with this attitude and cover their original attitude to be able to handle and deal with the situation. Soldiers become vicious to perform their job correctly, which is to kill the other soldiers on the opposite side of the battlefield, the "enemy."
Animals, like soldiers, have to be brave and fearless. They are brave in order to survive in the wild. They have to be fearless, not afraid of anything or anyone. Soldiers have to also be brave and fearless. "To win a war, you not only have to beat the other side, you have to be brave, courageous, and willing to sacrifice something for the cause."3 Soldiers can not get scared even with the loudest explosions. "Hurry up, don't be afraid of the bangs. It doesn't take long to replace these barb wires.
The mannerisms, attitudes, and background of the American and British soldiers contrasted greatly. The values held by the individual soldiers of the two armies differed. American soldiers had a tendency to think on their own accord and often with liberty in mind (143). In contrast, the British soldiers held the values that their army held (144). American soldiers often fought with the same men from their town or village (142). The British soldiers, however, were pulled from society and isolated from it (144). During the time of the British soldiers’ isolation, they were tightly disciplined and rigorously trained (144). This too shows a contrast between the British and American soldiers. British soldiers underwent a stricter regimen of training while the training Americans had was more informal. The commanding men of the armies, the officers, were different as well. The British officers held themselves aloof from war and quite distant from their men (145). British officers were also much harsher on their men and trained them more effectively (136). The American officer sought to achieve the refinement of the British officers but often failed in achieving it. (145). The training American officers gave to their men was also not as cohesive like the
Soldiers, using their instinct alone, must set aside their humanity to survive during their time on the battlefield. When Paul and his friends reach the battlefront, they find that they “become on the instant human animals” (56). Because of their desire to survive, they must surrender their morals and beliefs to their primal instinct. In this instance, they become savage beasts, making it easier to kill on the field. Their former selves effectively die in the war, becoming “insensible, dead men, who through some trick, some dreadful magic, are still able to run and to kill” (116). The war takes a toll on
The violent nature that the soldiers acquired during their tour in Vietnam is one of O'Brien's predominant themes in his novel. By consciously selecting very descriptive details that reveal the drastic change in manner within the men, O'Brien creates within the reader an understanding of the effects of war on its participants. One of the soldiers, "Norman Bowler, otherwise a very gentle person, carried a Thumb. . .The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch. . . It had been cut from a VC corpse, a boy of fifteen or sixteen"(O'Brien 13). Bowler had been a very good-natured person in civilian life, yet war makes him into a very hard-mannered, emotionally devoid soldier, carrying about a severed finger as a trophy, proud of his kill. The transformation shown through Bowler is an excellent indicator of the psychological and emotional change that most of the soldiers undergo. To bring an innocent young man from sensitive to apathetic, from caring to hateful, requires a great force; the war provides this force. However, frequently are the changes more drastic. A soldier named "Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy. . .Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the firing device"(O'Brien 39). Azar has become demented; to kill a puppy that someone else has adopted is horrible. However, the infliction of violence has become the norm of behavior for these men; the fleeting moment of compassion shown by one man is instantly erased by another, setting order back within the group. O'Brien here shows a hint of sensitivity among the men to set up a startling contrast between the past and the present for these men. The effect produced on the reader by this contrast is one of horror; therefore fulfilling O'Brien's purpose, to convince the reader of war's severely negative effects.
Paul says, “ Our knowledge of life is limited to death”(Remarque, All quiet n the Western front). The main character and his classmates were only nineteen and twenty when they enlisted to go to war. Even before going to war the only thing these young men knew was death, cruelty, suffering and hopelessness. War forces men to be in constant fear for their lives. When they are in the war front they are not fighting for their countries, they are fighting for their own lives. Remarque writes about how the war has a destroying effect on the mental and physical health of the soldiers. Also, it makes them feel hopeless and sacred, they do not have any hope for a future after the war. Therefore, soldiers that were fighting the World War I disconnect themselves from their emotions to survive the horrible situation the war they were fighting. “We want to live at any price; so we cannot burden ourselves with feelings which, though they may be ornamental enough in peacetime, would be out of place here”(Remarque, All quiet on the Western front). Remarque in this quote shows how soldiers are coping mentally with the burden of war. All soldiers have a great bond of friendship and loyalty since they all share the experiences of
A natural response to such a violent environment is to simply behave in a way that portrays no weakness. If the soldier does not show any signs of weakness, he finds it much easier to convince himself that he can survive by his strength. In asserting his control over himself by hiding all of his weaknesses, h...
The war scarred the soldiers permanently, if not physically then mentally. After the war the soldiers usually never recovered from the war. Two of the most common side affects of the war were shell shock and stir crazy. When suffering from shell shock a soldier’s brain doesn’t function properly and the man is a “vegetable”. This means the man is alive but he can’t do anything because he is in a state of shock because of the war. Stir crazy is a mental illness caused by the firing of so many bullets that when no bullets are heard by the victim he goes insane. Everyone was scared to go to war when it started. Young recruits were first sent because the veterans knew they were going to come back dead. "When we run out again, although I am very excited, I suddenly think: “where’s Himmelstoss?” Quickly I jump back into the dug-out and find him with a small scratch lying in a corner pretending to be wounded.” (P 131) Even the big men like Himmelstoss are scared to go fight. They too go through the mental illnesses like stir crazy and shell shock. “He is in a panic; he is new to it too.
Life for the soldiers in the beginning is a dramatic one as they are ordered up to the frontline to wire fences. The frontline makes Paul feel immediately different as described here. "As if something is inside us, in our blood, has been switched on." The front makes Paul more aware and switched on as if his senses and reactions are sharpened. I think Paul and his friends are frightened when they are near the front line. After they wire the fences and they are heading to the barracks their group start to be fired at by the enemy. They manage to get through the shelling unscathed but they hear a horse that has been shot. The horse makes a terrible noise of anguish and is in terrible pain and it has been shot as the author describes here. "The belly of one of the horses has been ripped open and it guts are trailing out." This shows that there are not just human casualties of war; the innocent lives of animals can be affected as much as humans who fight in wars. Detering-one soldier in Pauls group-says." It is the most despicable thing of all to drag animals into a war." I agree with Detering, as animals had no choice about going to war. On the way back to the trucks that would take them back to the barracks Paul Baumers company are hit again by heavy shelling and they have to take cover in a military graveyard. The shells blow huge holes in the graveyard and create large...
Animals come to represent, both purity and the relationship human beings have with the world. Animals play a key role in Timothy Findley’s novel, The Wars, whether it's for the interference, necessity, affection or compassion towards the characters. In The Wars, several characters share this close bond with the animals, that serve to emphasize the different qualities of each character’s personality. The animals connect with the main character, Robert Ross, in ways that reflect his uncommon character and the obstacles that he faces throughout the war. Robert enlists into the army as a Canadian soldier, shortly after the tragic death of his younger sister, Rowena. Throughout the novel, Robert grows a connection with the soldiers in the dugout and to several animals he meets along his journey. Many of the characters highlighted by Timothy Findley, have a deep respect and admiration for the natural world, despite having the setting taken place during the war. Yet it is between all, Robert Ross feels the greatest reverence and appreciation for the animals. The link between Robert Ross and the animals such as, rabbits, horses, coyotes and birds, shows the reader that human nature is not much different from animal’s nature.
The warriors of Boudicca’s warriors successfully defeated the Roman and absolutely destroyed the Romans, in their own capital. They even went on to destroy London and St Albans. The army of Romans left these particular towns largely unprotected. The cost of Boudicca’s victory in these first three battles, this is in terms of human lives, was high. The battle of warfare was brutal for majority of the time and all the towns were totally destroyed. Thousands of people left the cities; and raffle 70,000 and 80,000 citizens were killed, with out of those were 2000 Roman soldiers. With two of the soldiers having no interest in the taking or selling prisoners, Tacitus and Britons, instead they used slaughter by Gilbert, fire or
Body parts fly everywhere, one must kill complete strangers, and the unimaginable becomes the norm. These common war occurrences, along with endless others, have disastrous effects on soldiers.
Since the 20th century, researchers have sought out solutions to help assist families and the individual components that make up family systems overcome the challenges and schisms that can inhibit individuation and stability. Two theoretical perspectives, the family-systems theory and the family-development theory, were conceived to gain as Balswick & Balswick (2014) noted, gain “a wide-angle view of family life” (p. 22). Though these two theories have merit, one I found to be more advantageous in gaining a better understanding of the family as an actively metastasizing organism, which needs to be approached more adaptively.
The conditions of war were the ultimate threat to a soldier’s autonomy, sense of dignity, and their mental state. One soldier recalled the moment he realized his company had a lice infestation. “I remember the feeling of humiliation with which we made the discovery we were
The sociological definition of the family is “a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society” (Schaeffer, 2009, p. 288). While the nuclear family (a man, a woman, and their children) was once the primary definition of family, now it refers to many familial configurations. Single-parent families, blended families, same-sex couples, traditional nuclear families and single-parents who have adopted are just a few of the configurations that society in general now views as a family. A healthy family will provide a place of unconditional love, acceptance and support.
A family might include anyone related by blood or by adoption such as: step parents, grandparents acting as parents, and even brothers and sisters sharing the same household. However, worldwide “the family is regarded as the most ba...
In Animal Farm fear is used to keep the animals under control. Old major told the animals “Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.”(5) Old Major used fear to get the animals to revel by telling them how horrible Johns was, and how john treated them badly and miss feed them. Also fear was used by Squealer when he says “surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?”(28) The pigs knew that the animals were mistreated by Johns and that no one wanted him back so the pigs asked for more food so johns would not come back to the farm. Napoleon kept the animals doing what he wanted by scaring them in to thinking that snowball betrayed them “snowball was declared to be hiding at Foxwood”(63) Napoleon would tell the animals that snowball was doing all kinds of bad things, and some animals were afraid to sleep.