The War of the Roses (1455-85) marked the struggle for the english throne between the houses oh York and Lancaster. After VI attempted to override a power grab by Richard , Duke of York , the fighting began with the 1455 Battle of St. Albans. The Battle of Towton in 1461helped establish Richard's son, Edward IV as king , though Henry eventually returned to power. Edward reclaimed the throne with his victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471 but his death in 1483 begat more conflict. Henry Tudor finally stablized the throne after defeating Richard III in 1485 , his marriage to Elizabeth of York the following year uniting both houses.
These occasional, brief civil wars in England commenced in the 1450s with rebellions led by Richard, Duke of York, who had been excluded from power at the court by Henry Vi of the house of Lancaster.From 1461-1471 the wars escalated into struggles for the throne
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The use by opposing sides of English longbowmen famed for their skill reduced the effectiveness of archery.Field artillary was often deployed , and companies of hand -gunners occasionally but neither apparently to decisive effect. As civil conflicts, the Wars of the Roses were notable in that they did not produce widespreaded destruction and economic recession.The participants lacked the necessary muscle for prolonged warfare and could only have developed it, or resorted to terror tactics, at the expense of alienating public opinion. Attempts to revive dynastic rebellion against Edward IV's brother Richard IIIat Bosworrth Field (1485) were thwarted by the lack of convincing Yorkist candidates for the throne and by Henry's effective spy service and international diplomacy. Discount was damped down by his use of revitalized Crown revenues to buy off potential oppoition and to run a magnificent court, which attracted services to the monarch and propagandized the ethic of loyalty to the
...The foreign support that Henry received was pivotal in starting Henry Tudor’s second attempt at invading England as otherwise he would never have been able to land and gather troops and support from domestic sources. However, once in England the support that Henry gained from welsh and English nobles and Barons meant that he was able to face Richard and defeat him at the Battle of Bosworth. Whilst support is vastly important in explaining Richard’s defeat, other factors such as Richard’s mistakes like policies that drained the Treasury (e.g. the war against Scotland) are to blame. This particular mistake prevented Richard from being able to stop Tudor from crossing the channel, and so it was left up to nobles Richard believed to be loyal to resist the invasion, this belief also backfired when Rhys ap Thomas joined Henry when he was promised the Lieutenancy of Wales.
The First English Civil War started in 1642 until 1651 and it caused division among the country as to whose side they were on. The war was a battle between the Parliament and King Charles 1, who was the leader of the Royalists. Conflict between the two had always been there as Charles had never gotten on with the Parliament ever since the start of his reign. The disagreement between the two started in 1621 when James chose to discuss his son, Charles getting mar...
The Wars of the Roses is written by Dan Jones, a British historian and award-winning journalist. As a college student at the University of Cambridge, Jones was taught by David Starkey, a leading expert on Tudor history. The Wars of the Roses, Dan Jones’ third book, discusses the Wars of the Roses and the events that led up to this period of warfare and political tension.While the main events of this novel occur in England, Dan Jones occasionally includes France and Scotland in the narration. The Wars of the Roses started in May of 1455, with the First Battle of St. Albans, and concluded in August 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth, where the Lancastrian Henry Tudor was officially crowned as Henry VII. The Wars of the Roses only lasted 30 years, but Jones begins the book in 1420, with the marriage of Catherine de Valois to Henry V, and ends it in 1525, with the rise of the Tudors.
The Extent to Which Tudor Rebellions Have Similar Causes Tudor rebellions were caused by one or more of the following factors: dynastic, political, religious, and social and economic. There was an element of both similarity and continuity in the period as most of the rebellions were politically motivated starting with Warbeck’s rebellion in 1491 until the end of the period with Essex’s rebellion in 1601. This displays clear political motives across the period. During the reign of Henry VII, many of the rebellions were dynastically motivated with a series of challenges from pretenders to the throne, Simnel and Warbeck and rebellions due to heavy taxation; Yorkshire and Cornish anti tax riots. However, by the reign of Elizabeth, religion became a factor for rebellions particularly at the turning point of 1532; the Reformation.
Buckingham's rebellion in October 1483 highlighted just how deep his country's mistrust went. Instead of the rebellion been engineered by a high ranking noble (Buckingham only joined the rebellion towards its conclusion) it was now initiated by the common people. Alarming to Richard was the large amount of gentry that joined the rising. The rebellion was quickly crushed however as it was poorly organised and morale broke down within the rebels. Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham was caught and executed by Richard.
This was even worse because he had borrowed from York and instead if paying him back, gave patronage to others. He gave away more and more money and land so that there wasn't much left for important times like war and to make people happy or come onto his side. This was definitely a reason for the outbreak of conflict as York and Somerset had a fight in 1455, as York couldn't approach the king himself (as he was derived from god) he had to fight his evil council. Margaret of Anjou, Henry's wife is also a problem, she has a son who is the heir to the throne, however York wants to be the heir, but as there is a son he can't be, so him and Margaret dislike each other. Richard duke of York is definitely a big reason for the outbreak of the conflict but it isn't just his fault as Henry VI drove him to wanting to fight. Finance is also a big problem because the people had to spend taxes on war, but as it was a failure (especially in France), they had paid money for no reason, and so they would have been very unhappy and possibly feeling
Second, Richard's family is known to have been extremely close in their affections for each other. Richard's older brother, Edward IV, seems to have trusted Richard a great deal; when the younger sibling was a mere teenager, Edward had him commanding armies in the battles over the succession (a.k.a. The Wars of the Roses). When Edward made his will, he left Richard as Regent to protect the two sons--Edward, Prince of Wales and Richard of York--of the dying king and his wife Elizabeth.
The Hundred Years War took place between France and England between the years 1337 and 1453, which is ironically one hundred and sixteen years. The war was fought over a couple issues, which include, an English King wanting to claim the French throne and also because the French king Phillip VI wanted to own territories
When the Hundred Years’ War began in 1337, the strength of the French empire declined and the English possessed most of France. Although the war began in 1337, tensions between France and England started centuries earlier. In 1066, William of Normandy, duke of France, defeated the English and became king of England. A century later, conflict arose when Henry II, a great grandson of William, came into power in 1154 and wanted to add to his empire, known as the Angevin Empire, by taking over French territories. Friction mounted as the fighting between Angevin and French territories continued. Finally, King Edward III of England claimed the throne of France in 1328 but was refused, causing war to break out in 1337. The French suffered huge losses in the first period of the Hundred Years’ War. The French cavalry was decimated at Crecy in 1347, the fortress of Calais was lost in 1347, the French army was crushed at Poitiers in 1356, and King John II handed over ⅓ of the French kingdom to the English by the Treaty of Bretigny. Although the French drove out the English b...
To begin with, there was a great loss of human lives. Beginning in 1643 England, the closest absolute king Charles I attempted to storm and arrest parliament. His actions resulted in a civil war between those who supported the monarchy, Royalists, and those who supported the parliament, Roundheads, which did not end until 1649. Estimates for this war put the number of casualties at 200,000 for England and Wales while Ireland lost approximate...
The Succession War, as it came to be called, started due to the efforts of the Castilians to prevent Prince Henry's daughter, Juana, from ascending to the throne and in her place set Isabella (Parry, 134). Four years of brutal fighting took...
Rather than one main reason for the outbreak of English civil war in 1642, it was several key problems and disagreements between the parliament and King Charles that amounted together and evolved into a long running rivalry. Slowly but gradually, the rivalry grew, with both sides guilty of provoking the other. Ultimately, their differences could not be solved, and the rash actions of King Charles sparked of the civil war.
The origin of the war goes back to the conquest of William for England. In 1066
Wars of the Roses were not suitably displayed. The participants in Shakespeare’s Richard III were Henry Tudor, Clarence,
The War of the Roses was the struggle from 1455 - 1485 for the throne of England between the houses of Lancaster (whose badge was a red rose) and York (whose badge was a white rose). In the mid 15th century, the weak Lancastrian king Henry VI was controlled by William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, Edward Beaufort, duke of Somerset, and Margaret Of Anjou, Henry's queen. They were opposed by Richard, duke of York, who gained support from the popular unrest caused by the anger over the Hundred Years War and by the corruption in the court. York was appointed protector during the king's insanity from 1453 - 1454, but was excluded from the royal council when the king recovered. He then resorted to fighting. The factions met at St. Albans (1455), the Yorkists won, and York again became protector from 1455 - 1456. The wars, however, continued. In 1460 the Yorkists captured the king at Northampton and struck a compromise whereby Henry remained king and York was named his successor. Queen Margaret, whose son was thus disinherited, raised an army and defeated the Yorkists at Wakefield in 1460. Here York was killed, and his son Edward assumed his claim. Margaret's army rescued the king at the second battle of St. Albans in 1461, but Edward meanwhile was victorious at Mortimer's Cross and assumed the throne as Edward IV. Henry was recaptured in 1465 and the Yorkists seemed to be in command. A quarrel then developed over the king's marriage, and Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, and the king's brother George, duke of Clarence, deserted Edward. They allied in 1470 with Queen Margaret, drove Edward into exile, and restored Henry VI as king. Edward soon returned and triumphed at Barnet and Tewkesbury in 1471. Margaret was imprisoned and Henry VI died, probably slain on Edward's orders. After 12 years of peace, his 12-year-old son Edward V succeeded Edward in 1483, but the boy's uncle Richard, duke of Gloucester, usurped the throne as Richard III.