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Economic theories and their limitations
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Recommended: Economic theories and their limitations
Aulia Akbar Ramadhan
2B3206
Walt Whitman Rostow is United Stated economist, and also a father of ecomonic theory and growth. In Rostow view through his Stages of Growth Model, there are five stages in the process of economic growth and development. The five stages are The traditional society, The precondition for take off. The take off, The drive to maturity and The age of mass consumption. In these stages Rostow point out that both of the precondition stage for take off and take off stages is very important for a country economy growth. Capital and Technology raising, is one of the most important factor for a country to achieve economic maturity for economic development. After the end of the take off stages, in general most of the economies experienced lower economic growth rates. Also at the end of the stages, the age of mass consumption, is only for country that the most people there already live in the prosperity. The country that already on these stage is mainly from West.
In the case of Indonesia, Indonesia economy experience the Stage of Development when Indonesia lead by President Soeharto. Soeharto make Rostow theory as the foundation of his long term development plan. This long term plan was conducted every five years, it is called Pelita.In Pelita I which occurs between 1969-1974, Soeharto target is to raise Indonesia agricultural and food production. Based on Rostow view at this time Indonesia economy is at the traditional society stage, because many agriculture industry born in here, also people still farm with traditional way. In Pelita II 1974-1979, the growth still little, but it can bee seen that time Indonesia economy is on transtition to evolve to pre take off stage and to the take off stage. Indonesia economy f...
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...untries. In indonesia case, demand side GDP is still larger than supply side GDP, this can be seen that people in Indonesia still very consumptive, also In Indonesia, the size of the domestic market have become the largest contributor to economic growth. Indonesia has relatively less affected and already immuned by the weakning of the global export market. The high consumption in Indonesia is negate by the acceleration of infrastructure, productivity, and efficiency of the national production chain in order to be not dependent on the import mechanism. There is also demand pull inflation happen. Demand pull inflation is inflation that is caused due to the increase in aggregate demand compared to the amount of goods and services offered. Because the quantity of goods demanded in Indonesia is greater than the goods offered, then there is an increasing on the price.
Thesis: People who read about Walter Whitman tend to say that he had a good life until his mother pass and his book Leaves of Grass in a book about his life and what he went through.
Poems by Walt Whitman and Hanshan feature strong enlightenment ideals and prevalent references to nature as a way to achieve these ideals. Though the two men lived in very different times, their works carry similar messages. Following the path to enlightenment generally refers to the Buddhist Eightfold Path, though it has been adapted over time to refer to the state of understanding a person reaches, both of oneself and his or her surroundings, as well as of that beyond what can be sensed. Relying solely on one’s talents and denying society and worldly possessions are typically seen as characteristics of an enlightened person, as seen in the writings of both Whitman and Hanshan.
Whether they have loved or loathed his poetry, each writer or critic who has encountered "Leaves of Grass" has had to come to some sort of reckoning with Walt Whitman. The Good Gray Poet, the grandfather of American poetry, has been deified by some and labeled a cultural and artistic barbarian by others. While Whitman freely admitted in his preface to the final publication of "Leaves of Grass" that the work was faulty and far from perfect, some critics see no redeeming qualities in Whitman's art. Henry James goes so far as to say, "Whitman's verse...is an offense to art." (James, p.16) James chastises Whitman for extolling and exploiting what James feels are truisms. To James, Whitman's poetry is completely self-aggrandizing; it lacks substance and coherence. Through an examination of a specific poem, "The Wound Dresser", the claims of James and other negative critics can be refuted.
Walt Whitman is an American poet, journalist, and essayist whose Versace collection Leaves of Grass is a landmark in the history of American literature.
In an economy, aggregate demand (AD) accounts for the total expenditure on goods and services. It has five constituents; Consumer expenditure (C), Investment expenditure (I), Government expenditure (G), Export expenditure (X) and import expenditure (M), This gives us: AD= C+I+G+X-M. Aggregate supply (AS) on the other hand is the total supply of goods and services in the economy. Increasing AD and decreasing AS both cause demand-pull and cost-push inflation respectively. Demand pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand (AD) continuously rises, detailed in Figure 1. The AD curve continuously shifts to the right, as demand continuously increases, from point a to b to c. This consequently causes an increase in the price level of goods and services. As prices rise, costs of production also increase, causing producers to reduce output (a decrease in aggregate supply (AS)), shifting the AS curve to the left and leading to yet another increase in prices, (t...
Whitman's Music as a Means of Expression. In his verses, Walt Whitman eradicates divisions of individual entities while simultaneously celebrating their unique characteristics. All components of the universe are united in a metaphysical intercourse, and yet, are assigned very distinct qualities so as to keep their identities intact. Often times, Whitman demonstrates these concepts through elements of song.
Rostow's five stages of economic growth begin with the traditional society. As described by Rostow, the underdevelopment is naturalised in this structure with the evidence of constrained production means such as technology. In this part, the society applies subsistence economy that technically results in small margins of productivity such as hunter-gatherer society (Sahlins 1972:1) Undesired to do nature exploitation, Rostow viewed society at this stage as restrained from progress. The second phase following the previous stage is preconditions of take-off. Economic growth starting to take place and is essential to justify the means within good definition. The society begins to implement the manufacturing of products while at the same time foreign intervention by advanced societies such as through colonialism is needed to bring about change in one's society. The next step towards moder...
Walt Whitman was a man that served as a nurse helping wounded soldiers in the Civil War. While he was there, he took what he saw and wrote them in his poems. Every aspect of each poem related to the time that he was in and he wrote about every experience and feeling he had about what he saw. Whitman had three themes that he used to focus all of his poems on and these themes were individuality, democracy, and freedom. With writing with these themes, Whitman could make an impact on what the reader imagined in their head while reading and he was also able to convey a certain feeling through his poems that he wanted the reader to feel. Whitman had a unique style of writing, which was free verse. Through free verse, Whitman could direct and write a poem in a way that he liked and in a way where he was able to give more detail rather than writing in a rhythmic way. Through Walt Whitman’s themes of individuality, democracy, and freedom, Whitman was able to express his feelings about war and leaders in the poems that he wrote during the Civil War time.
Lastly, there are examples of countries that have not developed according to the model. Stages are skipped, countries start at different points of the model, and some develop in different phases all together. For example, Canada and Australia managed to achieve the stage of High Mass Consumption before they had reached Maturity (Gould,1972). Rostow 's model leaves out even the possibility of countries developing outside of Capitalism. Though most countries have chosen to develop according to western capitalist approaches, some developed on methods that were socialist, some even have begun shifting their policies to that of a more socialist country. China is an example of a country that did not develop according to Rostow 's model. Rostow stated
Walt Whitman’s writing is often argued about how he exhibits very little style, due to his free form sense of poetry. Though the structure he writes with is unconventional to say the least, he definitely has a sense of style and form that he writes with, and his style isn’t nearly as messy and thoughtless as most pundits would suggest. Whitman’s writing does not have an arrangement that can be easily confined, and give credit that he does not conform to the usual realm of literary style (much like Dickinson). Even though Whitman’s poetry doesn’t follow the conventional poetic protocol, the way other poets like Bradstreet and Longfellow do, it definitely has a certain structure and general themes that he tries incorporating , in spite of it’s sometimes hectic looking technique.
Walt Whitman was a great American because he was a patriot who was a voice for new American ideals and spoke for the people by defying aristocratic influence on the common mans life. Whitman’s story is a true American story. He rose from humble means, both financially and intellectually, and much to his own credit and determination became one of the America’s greatest literary achievers. He became America’s Poet long after his death through great study of his work by later generations who realized just how distinguishingly accurate his account of American life was. His first volume of poetry “Leaves of Grass” was heavily criticized for its vulgar and suggestive content along with forging a new style of writing, called Free Verse, that ignored traditional rules of poetry. Yet, he went on to produce 7 different revisions of the book to include some of the most patriotic poetry in American history. He was a poet making a plea to Americans to take decisive action in creating awareness of self and country. Whitman was opinionated about current issues like Slavery, and rights for women. Whitman and America blossomed simultaneously. Whitman’s growth as an emerging poet parallels America’s turbulent evolution, through civil war and the formative years of the country. Whitman paints a portrait of America with brutal honesty and his voice is so fresh and new, it cannot be ignored. (Zwonitzer, Wignot. Walt Whitman: Poet of Eternity)
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Economic growth is one of the most important fields in economics. In current generation economic is developing well. Economic growth is really important to country and for the world as well. Economic are one of the identity for country because it shows a country development and attraction for other countries (F, Peter. 2014). For example well economic develop such as Singapore, Dubai, New York, and Japan. These countries are well develop and maintaining their economic growths. Economic growths are really important because higher average incomes enables consumers to enjoy more goods and services. Then, lower unemployment with higher output and positive economic growth firms tend to utilize more workers creating more employment. Enhanced public
Walt Whitman was an essayist, a journalist, and one of America’s most powerful poets, often being called the father of free verse. His work was, however, sometimes controversial, because some saw it offensive for its sexuality. Whitman was born on May 31, 1819 in West Hills, Long Island, New York. Whitman’s love of America was due to the way he was raised by his parents and their own love of their country. They gave three of his younger brother’s names such as George Washington Whitman, Thomas Jefferson Whitman, and Andrew Jackson Whitman.
Because of the GDP growth too fast, increased wages of some citizens will lead to higher demand as consumers spend more freely. This will imply that the supply and demand will be increased and it will occur the shortage of supply. Business must hire more employees and further increasing demand by increasing wages. The increased demand will face of shortage supply and quickly forces prices up.