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History of computers
Description of evolution of computers
History of development of computers
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Computer has been invented ages ago using the idea of abacus which for reason of calculation. Until today computer still developed to fulfill the will of new generation which want computer to have a simple function and faster in processing the information. It’s also important the style and size of the computer so that the costumer will satisfy with the appearance and size of the computer. Since World War 2 computer already develop its technology but the question asking from 1945. Von Neaumann is the responsible person which designed the Electronic Discrete Variable automatic computer (EDVAC) in the year 1945 which having a memory that can hold both a stored program as well as data. Computer can be stopped at any point and then resumed using stored memory technique as well as conditional control transfer and computer programming more versatility through this development. The key element for his architecture is computer processing unit which allowed all computer functions to be coordinated through a single source. In 1951, UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) take advantage of this advance and predict the winner of the 1952 of US presidential election. That time characteristic of computer by the fact that operating instruction made to order for the specific task. Each computer has a different binary-coded program called a machine language that told it how to work. This made computer is difficult to program and limited its versatility and speed. Other distinctive features were the use of vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for data storage. Invention of transistor in 1948 replaced the large cumbersome vacuum tube in televisions, radios and computer but only in 1956 transistor being placed in the computer. So it makes the size of comput... ... middle of paper ... ...the 1.5 GHz Pentium 4 processor. This processor keeps on increasing the value to 2.2 GHz and so on. Instead of only focusing on the faster processor they also make the processor better such as Intel release the first desktop with dual core processor in 2005. The computer also developed from desktop to laptop then now to tablet PC. Microsoft was the first to introduce this tablet PC. Computer industry also keeps developing the graphic system for user to experience the picture almost similar to the reality. They make it keep it transform from 2-dimension (2D) to 3D and up until now it has increasing to 6D. User can buy the computer which is user friendly, come in many size and with better function. The community can buy the computer since nowadays it’s affordable to buy. Nowadays, education system also has been using the technology in the teaching as teaching aids.
The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia.
The history of computers is an amazing story filled with interesting statistics. “The first computer was invented by a man named Konrad Zuse. He was a German construction engineer, and he used the machine mainly for mathematic calculations and repetition” (Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer). The invention shocked the world; it inspired people to start the development of computers. Soon after,
“Which is better, AMD or Intel?” is a question that is constantly debated among people involved with computers. There are many reasons to choose one side over another, as both do have their advantages and disadvantages. Intel and AMD are the most prevalent processor production companies, which in turn creates competition between the two. This question is a by-product of that competition. Only by knowing each company and what their product has to offer, can a person make a decision as to what to buy to suit their needs.
What characterized these earliest machines is that the switching and control functions were handled by vacuum tubes. This feature typifies what is termed the first-generation of computers. EDSAC had one feature that ENIAC lacked. Within the computer was stored the instructions to control the machine and the data to be operated upon. This was the first of the stored program computers. The first commercially available digital computer was the Sperry Rand UNIVAC I. This was sold to the Bureau of the Census and put in place in 1951.
There are many different beginnings to the origins of computers. Their origins could be dated back more than two thousand years ago, depending on what a person means when they ask where the first computer came from. Most primitive computers were created for the purpose of running simple programs at best. (Daves Old Computers) However, the first ‘digital’ computer was created for the purposes of binary arithmetic, otherwise known as simple math. It was also created for regenerative memory, parallel processing, and separation of memory and computing functions. Built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry during 1937-1942, it was dubbed the Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC).
Years later in 1956 John Von Neumann would develop one of the most influential computers called the JOHNNIAC (John V. Neumann Integrator and Computer). The JOHNNIAC was an early effort at AI prog...
With the invention of transistor (semiconductor) and integrated circuits, in the mid twentieth century, this industry was born. Since semiconductors started to be used in rapidly growing electronic industry, their production doubled almost every single year. From the USA, this industry quickly spread on Japan and some other Asian, as well as European countries. By the time, semiconductors became smaller and smaller and more powerful in order to meet growing demand for superior chips, used in wide range of electronic devices. Number of transistor on chips approximately doubled every year or two (Moore’s law). In the period between 1985 and 1995 this industry reached $150 billion in sales. Thanks to development of computers, mobile phones and similar products which use semiconductors, in last twenty years, this industry grew enormously, and today it is worth over $200 billion.
By the time the 20th century arrived, vacuum tubes were invented that could transmit weak electrical signals which led to the formation of electromagnetic waves that led to the invention of the radio broadcast system (750). These vacuum tubes were discovered to be able to transmit currents through solid material, which led to the creation of transistors in the 1960’s (750).
We have the microprocessor to thank for all of our consumer electronic devices, because without them, our devices would be much larger. Microprocessors are the feat of generations of research and development. Microprocessors were invented in 1972 by Intel Corporation and have made it so that computers could shrink to the sizes we know today. Before, computers took a room because the transistors or vacuum tubes were individual components. Microprocessors unified the technology on one chip while reducing the costs. Microprocessor technology has been the most important revolution in the computer industry in the past forty years, as microprocessors have allowed our consumer electronics to exist.
Almost every device has some type of computer in it. Whether it is a cell phone, a calculator, or a vending machine. Even things that we take for granted most cars since the 1980’s have a computer in it or a pacemaker. All of the advancements in computers and technology have led up to the 21st century in which “the greatest advances in computer technology will occur…” Mainly in areas such as “hardware, software, communications and networks, mobile and wireless connectivity, and robotics.”
Another example of the change in our technology over the last century is the change in the computer. In 1946, the first electronic computer called the ENIAC took up the space of a large room. Instead of using transistors and IC chips, the ENIAC used vacuum tubes. Compared to many computers now, the ENIAC is about as powerful as a small calculator. That may not be much, but it is a milestone because there would not be computers today if it were not for the ENIAC. As the years passed, the computer became smaller and more powerful. Today, more than half of the American population has a computer in their home. The personal computers today are thousands of times more powerful than the most powerful computers fifty years ago.
Computer is electronic device that is design to work with a set of instruction. The term of computer are derived from the Latin term 'Computare', which is means a programmable machine. Furthermore, the first mechanical computer was called Analytical Engine and it designed by Charles Babbage. Thus, Charles Babbage are recognized as the "grandfather" of the computer. The Mechanical computer (Analytical Engine) uses ROM (read only memory) in the form of punched card. (DINESH THAKUR)
The computer came from unpretentious beginnings in 1936 when a German Scientist named Konrad Zuse made a mechanical calculator and he called it the Z1. Also, the Z1 was the world’s first binary computer (The First Freely Programmable Computer Invented by Konrad Zuse 1). Zuse used it to discover nume...
During the World War, the U.S. military had a high demand for fast computers which could perform weather predictions in minutes and extremely complex calculations. This was when the ENIAC was built. The ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, a partnership between the University of Pennsylvania and the U.S. government. Right after the landmark "Von Neumann Architecture" was introduced it considerably increased the speed of the computer since it was used only in one memory. The Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) and UNIVAC were built based on this architecture using vacuum tubes.
The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first computer which was not a one-of-a- kind laboratory instrument. The UNIVAC became a household word in 1952 when it was used on a televised newscast to project the winner of the Eisenhower- Stevenson presidential race with stunning accuracy. That same year Maurice V. Wilkes (developer of EDSAC) laid the foundation for the concepts of microprogramming, which was to become the guide for computer design and construction. In 1954, the first general-purpose computer to be completely transistorized was built at Bell Laboratories.