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Antonio Vivaldi contributions
A brief biography of Antonio Vivaldi
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The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide hailed Antonio Vivaldi as “one of the most prolific composers of his day.” Producing pieces during the Baroque Era (1600-1750), Vivaldi composed music that elicited emotions and conveyed stories via instrumental music in innovative and inspiring ways. Johann Sebastian Bach himself was so inspired that he transcribed several of Vivaldi’s pieces for the keyboard (Kaltwasser). Vivaldi’s style was so pioneering that his successors adopted his methods in their own works, eventually causing it to become standard (Talbot).
SPRING (1678-1693) On March 4, 1678, Vivaldi made his grand entrance in Venice (Vivaldi, The Hutchinson). On the same day, an earthquake hit Venice. His midwife feared his life was in danger (perhaps due to the earthquake
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Vivaldi’s earliest performance was the Basilica’s Christmas services in 1696, where he played the violin. He wrote his first collection, Opus 1 (containing 12 chamber sonatas) in 1705 and Opus 2 (containing violin sonatas) in 1709 (Talbot).
Vivaldi received his first post September 1703. He became the Maestro di Violino (Violin Master) for the Ospedale della Pietà (Hospital of Piety) in Venice, Italy making a 60 ducats annual salary. Pietà was one of only four orphanages specializing in training for girls showing musical aptitude. Renowned for their musical services, Pietà frequently welcomed Venetian nobility and foreign visitors (Talbot).
In August 1704, Vivaldi began teaching the viola all’inglese, which Talbot defines as “a family of various sized instruments resembling viola d’amore in having sympathetic strings.” He oversaw purchasing and maintaining string instruments for Pietà and received an additional 40 ducats a year. He served in this post for 3 years, until 1709 when the hospital discontinued the position for financial reasons
In an article in Musical Quarterly in 1999, Beth L. Glixon wrote that Strozzi was “the most prolific composer – man or woman – of printed secular vocal music in Venice in the middle of the 17th century”. In 1644, Strozzi published her first opus “the first work that I, as a woman, all too daringly bring to the light of day”. Dedicated to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, these madrigals featured texts written by her father. Her remaining eight published collections appeared after Giulio Strozzi died in 1652, with some texts written by her father’s friends; others by herself. Almost all of her works were secular and most were written for a lyric soprano. They show her flexible mastery of musical form as she moved easily between cantatas, ariettas and duets. Her significant body of work included six volumes of cantatas, more than any other composer working in that genre at the time.
On Sunday afternoon November 21, 1999, at 2:00 p.m.at 419th Concert Worldwide, 330th in New York, 218th in Carnegie Hall I attended a MidAmerica production that presented the New England Symphonic Ensemble. This concert contained several different compositions by large groups of musicians, including an orchestra band, and chorus. This concert was divided into three different parts. First there was the Vivaldi which was divided into 12 sections. Virginia-Gene Rittenhouse was the music director, Raymond Sprague was the conductor, Judith Von Housers Voice was the soprano, Mary Nessinger voice was the Mezzo soprano, and Elizabeth Hastings was the portative. There was a reprise in the first section Gloria which opened up the symphony.
Mozart then wrote the entire musical score completely from memory. He only had to correct minor errors when he heard it again. When Mozart was in Italy, he wrote his famous operas Mitridate, re di Ponto, Ascanio in Alba in 1777, and Lucio Silla in 1772. However, Mozart began to come across complications that threatened his musical career. In 1773, his father’s benefactor, Archbishop von Schrattenbach, died.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven are very famous past composers that have created many pieces that have influenced not just people of their time, but people in modern times as well.
Antonio Stradivari was born in Bergamo Italy 1644. In his youth he lived in Cremona Italy, where he became the apprentice of Nicolo Amati. He had married twice, once in 1667 with a woman named Francesca, whom he had six children with. His first son only lived for six days. The rest later became priests, and apprentices of their father. Francesca then died in 1698. Soon after Stradivari remarried in 1699 to a woman named Antonia. Antonia and Stradivari had four children. Two of which had died. Stradivari bought a home in Piazza Roma; this is where Stradivari carried out his work as a luthier, with his sons at his side as apprentices. In 1737 Stradivari had died and was buried in the church of San Domenico in Cremona where his family had originated.
The composers and their works gave definition to their time eras from the free-form ways of the Modern era to the concrete more formal structure of the Baroque period. Each composer brings a new aspect to their time and brings further value to the music, creativity and knowledge of their time periods.
Antonio Vivaldi had an interesting life during this time period, his childhood, his outstanding music and unique style, and influence were special for this time. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born in 1678 in Venice, Italy. Vivaldi's family was religious, so they had him baptized as soon as possible. His first baptism was done by a midwife who was told that Antonio's life was in danger. The baptism occurred immediately after his birth, this may have been because of his poor health or because the mom thought he was in danger because of an earthquake that happened earlier that day.
Beethoven acquired his first post in music when he was just eleven years old. At this age he work as the assistant to the organist in a local court. Later on at the age of thirteen he played keyboard during opera rehearsals. His first real performance came when he was eighteen; Beethoven played the viola in a local theatre orchestra. He played with this orchestra until the age of twenty-two.
In 1703 Vivaldi became a priest and acquired the nickname "The Red Priest", since he had red hair. He had become a priest against his own will because it was the only possible way for his poor family to obtain free schooling. In 1704 he was pardoned from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his ill health, and later became a violin teacher at an orphanage for girls called Ospedale della Pietà in Venice. The orphans soon started to gain appreciation and esteem as Vivaldi wrote most of his concertos, cantate and sacred music for them. In 1705 the first collection of his works was published. He was a prolific composer and is most well known for composing over 500 concertos, 46 Operas, sinfonias, 73 sonatas, chamber music, and sacred music. His most famous work is said to be the Four Seasons.
John Warrack, author of 6 Great Composers, stated, “Any study of a composer, however brief, must have as its only purpose encouragement of the reader to greater enjoyment of the music” (Warrack, p.2). The composers and musicians of the Renaissance period need to be discussed and studied so that listeners, performers, and readers can appreciate and understand the beginnings of music theory and form. The reader can also understand the driving force of the composer, whether sacred or secular, popularity or religious growth. To begin understanding music composition one must begin at the birth, or rebirth of music and the composers who created the great change.
George Frideric Handel made an incredible impact on several other well known musical composers. “He has generally been accorded high esteem by fellow composers, both in his own time and since. Bach apparently stated, “ He is the only person I would wish to see before I die, and the only person I would wish to be, were I not Bach.” Mozart is reputed to have said of him, “Handel understands effect better than any of us. When he chooses, he strikes like a thunder bolt,” and to Beethoven he was “the master of us all…the greatest composer that ever lived. I would uncover my head and kneel before his tomb.” (Classic Cat, Legacy)
Vivaldi wanted to go into priesthood, but due to illness he was unable to continue this pursuit. (Kamien, 2015, p. 126). He spent the rest of his life involved in many aspects of music: teaching, composing, and conducting. It is important to reflect on the composer’s history to gain insight into their perspective. Kamien (2015) describes Vivaldi as a virtuoso violinist which is why he mainly featured violins in his works (p.127).
Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven both flourished in their compositions of classical music; however, their genre of music differed considerably. Bach was a German composer during the Baroque time era of western music which is estimated to have taken place during 1600 to 1750. It was during this time that he composed prolific church organ music which included such works as the Mass in B Minor, much scared choral music, and the St. Matthew Passion, as well as composing over a thousand works in nearly every musical genre except opera. On the other hand, Beethoven was a German composer whom began to emerge during the classical era of western music twenty years after Bach. This era took place throughout the years1750 and 1830. The large quantity of arrangements, over two hundred works in numerous musical genres composed by Beethoven was significantly influenced by his predecessors, onset of deafness, and his highly personal expression of intellectual depth. Such works include the first an...
Petronio ultimately led him to becoming the most prolific Italian composer of baroque trumpet pieces. He contributed over three dozen pieces variously entitled sonata, sinfonia, or concerto, for one to four trumpets, to the collection of trumpet repertoire. All eight of his collections of concerts, sinfonias, and sonatas were published chronologically, making it easy to trace his progress as a composer and how he contributed to the concerto and concerto grosso genres over his career. Torelli’s works are well preserved and those that were not published remain in manuscript. Although Giuseppe Torelli built his career as a virtuoso violinist and composer of string chamber works he contributed immensely to the world of trumpet literature to the point where he has become a household name in the realm of modern trumpet
According to Michael Talbot, of Grove Music, as well as the liner notes from the Analekta Classical Music CD, Antonio Vivaldi was born to Giovanni Battista and Camilla Calicchio in Venice in 1678. Giovanni made a profitable living as an accomplished violinist, and became Vivaldi’s main instructor from an early age. The oldest of nine children, Vivaldi led the way in studying music, and became the most musical of his siblings. Vivaldi spent much time learning about and preparing to be ordained to the office of a priest. In 1703, he was ordained a priest, but resigned after just a year due to his acclaimed medical limits (Heller 38-40). For his entire life, Vivaldi struggled with the effects of bronchial asthma and was unable to play wind instruments. Though his asthma was a real issue, there is some question about the actual reason of his resignation. He was often rumored to leave a Mass when inspired with new musical ideas. After serving as a priest, Vivaldi was hired by the Ospedale della Pieta, one of four learning institutions intended for orphaned, abando...