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Traditional and contemporary ethical theories
The similarities and differences between ethical theories
Traditional and contemporary ethical theories
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Criticism’s against Traditional Ethical Theories
Virginia Held brings up many criticisms of traditional ethical theories in her essay. The ethics of care can be considered as a suitable substitution for other widely accepted ethical theories such as Kantian ethics. The ethics of care recognizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, especially those within the family unit. All people need care at some point during their life, be it at birth or old age. Caring for people that can not provide sufficient care for themselves is a fundamental part of a moral society. Ethical theories based on the importance of a rational and independent individual excludes the importance of interpersonal reliance.
Traditional ethical theories see emotion as a way to arrive to a means of reason and rationalistic moralities. Emotions are a very important component of the ethics of care and embrace rather than deny them during the calculations of morality. Prevalent ethical theories distinguish public life from private life within the household when no such distinction should be made.
Contemporary feminists have a big problem with traditional ethical theories because of their basis that women can never be fully moral. Traditional ethical theories suggest that an excess of emotion indicates a deficiency of reason. This could not be farther from the truth for lack of emotion is not a requirement for rational reasoning. Traditional ethical theories do not accept the morality of reasoning. For example, the Kantian categorical imperative asks us to reject reason and be completely impartial while calculating morality. In conclusion contemporary feminists have made much progress in transforming the gender hierarchy of traditional ethical theories a...
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Mills on Animal Equality
Mills outlines his principles in the book he authored Utilitarianism. I think that Mills would disagree with Singer on his theory that all species should be considered equal and partially agree with Steinbock. Mills believes that the correct action is the one that brings about the most overall human happiness. By this logic using animals for food and experimenting would be ethical. Humans have a basic need for sustenance and protein that comes from animal meat is essential for a healthy diet. Mills would believe that using animals as a source of food increases overall human happiness therefore making it moral to kill animals for food. I do not believe that Mills would have a problem with animal experimentation if the sole reason was for research that improves the well being of humans, again creating the most overall happiness for humans.
The issue I Journaled about in the course is to reduce falls among the elderly in long term care. In writing my journals one of my focuses is that patient’s dignity can destroyed after falling multiple times by diminishing their independence. Our responsibility as nurses is to inform patients of choices, options for selection, which is why I suggested that patients should be given as much independence as possible with close supervision, and to the best of our ability, inform the patient of the consequences of the choices. Another ethical principle the book explained about is the respect for a person, it is the patients right to choose how they go along with their daily living in long-term care. They can choose not to engage in activity that
In this paper we will be look at the book called “Lying on the Couch”. I will be going over what I saw as the biggest ethical issues that I read about in this book, I will also go over my thoughts on this book and the ethical problems that I saw for Dr. Lash, Carol and Marshal Streider. I will explain my personal opinion regarding self-care and my reasoning as to why it is so important to maintaining clear boundaries.
The four ethical virtues of health care must be shown, compassion, discernment, integrity and trustworthiness. Respecting a person’s autonomy understanding and acting on the belief the people have the right decision to make decisions and take action based on their beliefs and value systems. The ethical issues that would be encountered will be to treat each person with passion and respect regardless of sex, race, and religious preference. The environment has no human rights violations, sustains nursing ethical
Ethical principles is focused on the morals and values of the individual who has dementia (Cribb and Duncan, 2002) Decision made by family to have a person who has dementia to live in a residential home from their personal home can be seen as inconsiderate to the individual values. It is for the best for the decision to be made before the individual was ill, the family members will feel less guilty. In the event that circumstances of the family members are not capable of caring it is understandable (Curthbert and Quallington, 2008). On the other hand this could be the best decision as cares in residential homes have skills development to provide professional care (Nice, 2010). Naidoo and Willis (2009) stated that the consequential theory is there to measure the end result of action in this case considering the health and wellbeing of people with dementia. The pr...
A care relationship is special and requires skill, trust and understanding. This essay will elaborate how the quality of that relationship affects the quality of the care given and the experiences felt in receiving care. These different relationships will depend on the type of care given, who the care is given by and what sort of previous existing relationship there was to begin with. For a good care relationship to work it needs to follow the 5 K101 principles of care practice which are 'support people in maximising their potential','support people in having a voice and being heard','respect people's beliefs and preferences','support people's rights to appropriate services' and 'respect people's privacy and right to confidentiality'.(K101,Unit 4,p.183). If all of these needs are met a far exceptional quality of relationship between the carer and care receiver will be achieved.
Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson: Theory of human caring. In M.E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (pp. 343-354). Philadelphia: Davis.
Based on Rawls’s definition of social cooperation as something achievable for persons with certain moral capacities and sense of justice, Kittay’s understanding of moral ethics emphasized on sense of attachment, empathetic attention to others’ needs and responsiveness to those needs. Such attachment and the capacity to respond to vulnerability, show that humans are by nature not individualistic, but collaborative. Kittay also pointed out the fact that everyone may become dependent and may require support from others at that point. Such understanding, and the need to be assured that if we become dependent we would be taken care of, ought to be acknowledged when we discuss moral ethics of human nature. Women for example, make sacrifices on their maternal roles to provide care, and the ability to care have been politically fought for in many countries, as people widely value the dependency relationships between human
In outlining the difference between feminist and nonfeminist approaches to ethics, Walker contrasts the "expressive-collaborative model" (1998, 60) of most feminist ethics with the theoretical-juridical model of most nonfeminist ethics. She argues that the reigning non-feminist moral theories, such as ...
Ingram, David, and Jennifer A. Parks. "Using the ‘F’ Word: Feminist Ethics." The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Ethics. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha, 2002. N. pag. Print.Relman, Arnold. "On Breaking One’s Neck." The New York Review of Books. N.p., 6 Feb. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.
The Theory of Human Caring was initially based on data about a variety of aspects of caring, collected through an open – ended questionnaire. The purpose of this research was to evaluate different points of view, expressed by both the clients and registered nurses. In addition to this data, Watson’s theory uses broadly recognized work from other disciplines. Specific philosophers cited by Watson, as sources are Rogers, Whitehead, Gadow, Yalom, etc. Furthermore, she also recognises the contribution of the eastern philosophy in her work....
Tong, R. & Williams, N. (2009) Feminist Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, CSLI, Stanford University. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-ethics/.
Ethics is not a concept that is thought about often, but it is practiced on a daily basis. Even while unconscious of the fact, people consider ethics while making every choice in life. There are many theories to which people allude, but two radically different theories that are sometimes practiced are deontology and utilitarianism. Deontology deals with actions in a situation while utilitarianism examines the consequences of those actions. While polar opposites on the broad spectrum of ethics, deontology and utilitarianism are bioethical theories that can be applied to nursing practice and personal life situations.
Feminist theory is derived from feminism, a complex doctrine that has been defined in many different ways (Chodorow, 1978). Hooks (2000) believes that without a consensus regarding a definition, that the foundation on which feminism was built is not fully clear. Nonetheless, several individuals have stepped forward to offer their ideologies and principles regarding feminist theory.
Introducing the feminine voice means to draw attention to women’s special strengths, and to correct the systematic devaluation by our male-dominated society. In the book of In a Different Voice, with the intention to help women, identify more positively with their own distinctive style of reasoning about ethics, instead of feeling that there is something wrong with them because they do not think like men (unlike Kohlberg’s and Freud’s theories). One group of feminists (Noddings, Baier) tried to articulate further the feminine voice in moral reasoning. Others (McMillan, Rich, Ruddick, Harstock) agree that women have distinct virtues, and argue that these need not be self-victimizing.
Feminist political ideology focuses on understanding and changing political philosophies for the betterment of women. Studying how the philosophies are constructed and what makes them unjust, this field constantly generates new ideas on how these philosophies need to be fundamentally reconstructed. Liberal feminism, for example, was built around promoting economic and political equality for women. By arguing the older concepts of the split between public and private realms as a way to politically protect male domination of women as “natural”, and ideas about a women’s place in the household, came evidence that supported legal cases leading “to the criminalization in the United States of spousal rape” (qtd. in McAfee). Another completely different approach is radical feminism, which advocates a separation from the whole system, perceiving that the sexual relations between male and female as the basis of gender inequality and female subordination (qtd. in McAfee). Democratic femin...