Between 1606 and 1700, the settlers sponsored by the London Company sailed to Virginia in hopes of getting rich and obtaining land. These people became known as the settlers of England’s Virginia Colony. What the settlers experienced was nothing like the success that was imagined for “Virginia, Earth’s only paradise! (Doc A)” to hold. The challenges of Virginia can be illustrated by these 3 things: the lust for gold, tobacco, and the first few winters.
The lust for gold was a big problem for the colony because when the settlers arrived, many settlers dreamed of making a fortune in Virginia. The idea of fortune was so important to them, that they went searching for gold majority of the time, instead of looking for food to sustain themselves
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(these actions are later reflected in the colony’s first winter together). The origin of the settler’s desire for gold was because of their lack of wealth back home in England. Primogeniture also gave the sons of wealthy families a motive to invest in the Virginia Colony. Because people were occupied by the rumors of Virginia holding “pearl and gold (Doc A),” many became malnourished and starved as a result. According to George Percy, “for the most part they [the settlers] died of mere famine” (Doc B). In Virginia, tobacco was a very important crop to the settlers.
It was the biggest contributor to their economic status, due to John Rolfe’s guidance. By 1616, John Rolfe had perfected the methods of raising tobacco and had become the father of the tobacco industry. At this point, the settlers of Virginia realized that gold wasn’t going to be found, so they tried to invest in another way of making money. Since tobacco was now of high demand in Europe, people were no longer seeking for gold and food, but now their greed had lead them towards planting tobacco. According to the early advertisement of tobacco, tobacco was advertised as something that would renew life, and the reason why you should not be afraid of death (Doc C). It also depicted a white man and a Native American smoking, as well as noting that “Life is a smoke! (Doc C). This probably boosted the popularity of tobacco because of the satisfaction that was promised on the advertisement. Not only did it advertise the effects of tobacco, the advertisement reflected the value of tobacco in Virginia too. “Whil’ st we have best Virginia here (Doc C)” suggested that tobacco was something Virginia was dependant on. Virginia’s economy was reliant on how well tobacco sold, and it was the main supporter of their economy. The reliance on the success of tobacco led into several
problems. “King Nicotine,” as tobacco was called, was known to ruin the soil every year. Due to this reason and many others, people were in need of land to plant tobacco, which would lead them more into the Native American’s territory (and cause other conflicts; “[We] live in fear of the enemy [Native Americans] every hours, yet we have had combat with them (Doc D)”). Tobacco would then develop to be a major crop that was widely grown on plantations. People who owned large, growing plantations began to have trouble harvesting tobacco throughout their vast amounts of land, so they needed a cheap source of labor to work their lands. This was what led to the use of indentured servants and African slaves. The idea of indentured servants in Virginia was the offspring of the tobacco hype. Indentured servants provided labor for 5-7 years, and during their term, they were provided “with Meat, Drinke, Apparell and Lodging (Doc E).” Their passage across the Pacific Ocean was also paid for, and when they completed their term, they were provided with “one whole yeeres provision of Corn, and fifty acres of Land (Doc E).” Eventually, land owners found a more effective way of retaining labor. These land owners needed an effective, long term labor source, and African slaves were the solution to it--although they were a lot more expensive than indentured slaves. According to Document H, it can be assumed that everyone was aware that all slaves were black, thus any slave runaway or unlawful could be killed. By stabilizing the source of labor, the production of tobacco and economy of Virginia was also stabilized. Even though Virginia had solved its economy issue, it still had to survive its first winter without government aid/leadership, lack of food, and sickness. These things were hard for the settlers to get used to, because back in England, food was provided at the store, they were familiar with the area to get around, and they were not exposed to diseases that they had never encountered. But here “in this new discovered Virginia…men were destroyed with cruel diseases as swellings, burning fevers, and by wars…mere famine. (Doc B)” Frethorne also reported that Virginia “causeth much sickness…scurvy and diverse other diseases…which maketh the body very poor and weak. (Doc C)” It wasn’t until John Smith arrived, and aided the settlers through their first winter. He made a policy where if the settlers didn’t work, they couldn’t eat. According to Richard Frethorne’s letter to his parents, he and others had “work both early and late for a mess of water gruel and a mouthful of bread and beef. (Doc C)” John Smith had done more than establish a hard working policy. Smith had also established trade with the Native Americans after his encounter with the Powhatan and Pocahontas. Trade is evidentially shown in the photo of Earthenware Vessels made at Jamestown (Doc F). As for governmental aid/support, the problem was solved when the London Company allowed the settlers to create the House of Burgesses. It was a “representative self government” which had benefitted the colony until King James I turned Virginia into a royal colony. The Virginia Colony had started off with several challenges, but in the end, they had overcome the obstacles caused by their initial problems. The colony had found solutions to food shortages, economy structures, lack of crop labor, and many more issues that had branched off of the lust of gold, greed for tobacco, and harsh winters. The Virginians efforts had changed the colony socially and economically over the years.
Summary: This book starts well before Roanoke was founded. It detailed how, at the time, England was not a superpower. Spain and France were the most dominant of the European countries, but internal conflicts in France made it weak, while Spain was getting extremely wealthy off of Indians and the Aztecs. England saw this as an opportunity to expand into the New World, and had Walter Raleigh head the trip. The main goals of the colony were to expanding their efforts of privateering, with a sustainable colony as an after thought. It was initial devised as a way to intercept merchant ships more effectively from other countries (mainly Spain) and be a short-term base of operations. Most if not all of the men brought over had only military experience, so they struggled with building proper housing, getting clean water, and growing crops. Ultimately, conflict erupted when the Indians grew weary of giving such a large amount of supplies to the colonists, and many high ranking officials died on the Indian side. The settlement was abandoned due to lack of supplies. After this unsuccessful attempt, John White lead another group intended to be a permanent settlement to Roanoke, and the prototype of plantations he u...
A fundamental difference between the New England and Southern colonies was the motives of the founders. In 1606, the Virginia Company was formed, motivated primarily by the promise ...
Breen, T. H., and Stephen Innes. Myne Owne Ground: Race and Freedom on Virginia 's Eastern Shore, 1640-1676. 25th anniversary ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 142 pages (kindle edition).
Have you ever wondered why so many settlers died in the Jamestown settlement? In the Jamestown settlement they faced many problems like diseases and the Powhatans. I think most of the settlers died because of diseases, the Indians, and the people they brought to settle in Jamestown. The English settled in Jamestown in 1607. The goal when they came to Jamestown was to find riches. When the English got to America they had many troubles living there. One of the troubles was lack of water and food. Many of the settlers died from starvation and dehydration. Most of the people in the colonies died from a mysterious death. I think the main reasons why the settlers died were diseases they got, the people they brought on the ship to america and the
The Crusades of the middle ages introduced much innovative and formerly unheard of merchandise into Western Europe; however the scarcity of these luxury goods instilled Europeans with drive to find easier access to the Far East. Although desired "Northwest Passage" never was found, joint-stock companies, like the Virginia Company of London, settled colonies in the New World for untapped resources such as silver and other tradable goods. Many more corporations followed suit, settling mainly in the Chesapeake Bay area, their small settlements eventually developing into the Chesapeake colonies. The Chesapeake colonies were focused primarily on profitable enterprises. At the same time, the New England colonies were being settled with a whole different set of initiatives, principally religious freedoms and family. Governing bodies were established, with their success dependent on the quality of the settlers the colony attracted. The different motives for settlement affected the routine events in such a way that the New England and Chesapeake colonies differed very greatly from one another even though they were both mainly settled by the English.
Looking at the early English colonies in the Chesapeake Bay region, it’s clear that the English had not learned any lessons from their experiences at Roanoke. Poor planning, a bad location, unrealistic expectations, flawed leadership, unsuccessful relations with the local Indians, and no hope of finding the mineral wealth the Spanish found in Mexico, all contributed to failure. The first colonists in the Chesapeake region were not only ignorant, lazy and unambitious, but their attempts were hampered before they had begun. However, a solution to these problems was found in a single plant: tobacco. Nevertheless, this cash crop ultimately created numerous problems for the colonists. The ignorance and indolent acts of the Chesapeake colonists to unsuccessfully restore the colony by themselves led to the demise of the colony as a whole especially regarding the planting of agricultural goods for food.
America, it has always had everything we need, except for when colonists flocked in the early 1600´s. Its 1609, you and a group of people have been on a boat for months. Now you aren't even sure if the America's exist. But once you lost every single drop of hope, you see it. A beautiful swampy land. This place makes you feel like you have a lot of opportunities, there’s a river, a lot of wildlife, and not that many Native’s around. It seems perfect, that’s what people that saw posters of Jamestown thought in England. Jamestown seemed, perfect, appeared perfect…
Early Virginia's flourishing cultivation of tobacco drew a diversity of people, from fresh war veterans and former soldiers, to adventurers and ordinary people looking to recoup from former monetary losses. However the tobacco did not only alter the country culturally and economically, but it “ threw more wood into the fire.” It strengthened the infamous individualistic attitude the colonists had. The advent...
John Rolfe played a major role in history in 1614 when he found a way to harvest tobacco. The tobacco crop is what restored Jamestown, Virginia and it would not exist today without this cash crop. Restoring Jamestown is not the only significance the tobacco crop holds; it is also responsible for the early stages of slavery. Since tobacco became the cash crop of Virginia, it was more in demand. There was a shortage of laborers to plant and harvest the tobacco crop and as a result settlers were unable to meet the European quota for tobacco. Since it was increasing in demand more laborers were needed to maintain these large plantations ; therefore more indentured servants were needed. The higher the demand for tobacco, the higher demand for laborers. Company agents advertised a few years of labor bondage and exchange would receive a new and better life in America. In 1619, the first Africans came to Jamestown. They came...
The essay, “World of Wonder in the Northern Colonies,” by David D. Hill, is an essay reflecting on the colonial perspective through a religious mindset and gives a look into the origins of American thought which makes it more insightful about the lives of the first colonists than “Worlds of Goods in the Northern Colonies,” by T. H. Breen. According to David D. Hall, “The People of seventeenth-century New England lived in an enchanted universe. Theirs was a world of wonders.”1 For early New England colonists in the seventeenth century, the world was a place of wonders wherein God’s providence led them on a narrow path, and wicked forces threatened them at every turn.
Chesapeake colonies of Virginia and Maryland were settled in the early 17th century. It was a difficult live for the first colonist; they had limited labor and were constantly raided by Native Americans. Colonist tried to use the Native Americans as a source of slavery. Most of the colonist’s farms were by forest areas so Native Americans would just leave in to the woods. Colonists were afraid of pressuring them from the fear of getting ambushed by gangs of Native Americans. Another reason Native Americans men made bad slaves was because the women in the tribes did the agricultural work in the Native American villages.
1. The English organized the Plymouth and Virginia Charter Companies to begin their colonies. This resulted in the creation of Jamestown. The first thirty to forty years of the settlement in Jamestown were extremely difficult. This is exemplified by the "starving time" and the poor relations with the Indians. Two factors finally helped lead Virginia to success one was introduced by John Rolfe and the other had to do with the death of the Powhatan leader and rise of his more militant successor Opechancanough. Describe both of these events and show how they helped bring success to the Virginia colony.
Tobacco production was a big deal in Virginia during the 1600’s. It became the basis of making money, which during the time, was something colonists had been struggling with. The source shows us how much tobacco was sold, depending on the number of workers growing it.
Due to the scope of the government the Constitution of Virginia applies to, the responsibilities outlined in it is different than the ones in the Constitution. Obviously, the Virginian government is on a more local scale and will deal with more day-to-day or smaller issues. The biggest example of this is voting. Article II is dedicated to outlining how people register and qualify to vote, how voting takes place, qualifications to run for office, and more. There are federal laws having to do with voting, such as Amendment 26, however, this is in much more detail, since it is the state’s responsibility to hold elections and count votes.
Thomas Studley, "The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isle," The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999.