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Essays on The Science of Addiction
Sociological factors of addiction theory
Essays on The Science of Addiction
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Redefining Addiction and Rethinking The War on Drugs It has been one hundred years since the U.S. joined the war on drugs and drug use has only been increasing. Increasing at an alarming rate. According to the National Institute of Drug Use “[i]n 2013, an estimated 24.6 million Americans… had used an illicit drug in the past month.” (Nationwide, 2015). Drug use and addiction affect many americans. The approach that America has been taking to fight drug use involves criminalizing addicts and outcasting them from society. In order to reduce drug use and the number of addicts in the U.S, the government must completely change its idea of what addiction is and its policy on dealing with it. The first step in effectively combating addiction is finding discrepancies in society’s idea of what addiction means and why these discrepancies came to be. There are many real …show more content…
However, there was a human experiment. During the Vietnam war, “twenty percent of all U.S. soldiers were addicted to heroin” (Hari, 2015). Many people in the U.S. were worried that by the end of the war the U.S. would be filled with heroin junkies. When the war ended the soldiers that were addicted to heroin were followed back home and were carefully observed. From these observations, a surprising phenomenon emerged. Only five percent of the troops stayed addicted. Ninety-five percent stopped almost immediately. They did not relapse and they did not go to rehab (Hari, 2015). These statistics were shocking compared to the average ninety percent relapse rates after rehab (Nationwide, 2015).With the evidence presented from the soldiers from the Vietnam war society must stop believing addiction is about drugs but rather the environment addicts take drugs in. transition words,
Many people dislike the term ‘addiction’ in relation to drugs or other substances, particularly as it infers that a person is powerless over their use of a particular drug or in some circumstances, a number of substances. Whilst others maintain it is this powerlessness that is the foundation of diagnosis and treatment – that treatment is not possible without recognition of addiction itself as the ‘problem’ being addressed. The professional and public perception of addiction is complicated. There are many approaches and models to explain addiction, the role of the addict, and their environment. This essay will compare and contrast two of these approaches, the medical/disease and the social model. Initially this essay will describe the origins of each model, and follow by explaining their respective strengths and weaknesses, and finish with an overview of the key differences between them. This essay will conclude by demonstrating that a holistic approach, and a cross-pollination of these models is the most successful approach to treating addicts. As is the case for all diseases, there are multiple treatment options, and as ever person is different, the results in each individual cannot be predicted.
Sally Satel, author of “Addiction Doesn’t Discriminate? Wrong,” leads us down a harrowing path of the causes and effects that lead people to addiction. It can be a choice, possibly subconscious, or a condition that leads a person left fighting a lifelong battle they did not intend to sign up for. Mental and emotional health/conditions, personality traits, attitudes, values, behaviors, choices, and perceived rewards are just a few of the supposed causes of becoming an addict.
A “drug-free society” has never existed, and probably will never exist, regardless of the many drug laws in place. Over the past 100 years, the government has made numerous efforts to control access to certain drugs that are too dangerous or too likely to produce dependence. Many refer to the development of drug laws as a “war on drugs,” because of the vast growth of expenditures and wide range of drugs now controlled. The concept of a “war on drugs” reflects the perspective that some drugs are evil and war must be conducted against the substances
The term addiction can be interpreted in many ways, concering both illegal and legal substances. Not only can one become addicted to a substance, but also activities like gambling, shoplifting, and sex. Prior to considering addiction, one must first understand what constitutes a substance. Levinthal (2002) describes a drug as a chemical substance that changes the functioning of the body when ingested (4). Although illegal drugs may come to mind when hearing this definition, alcohol and tobacco fit under this criteria as well. For the purpose of this essay, controlled and regulated (licit/legal) substances will be focused upon. Alcohol is a regulated substance that can be thought of as a social drug (Levinthal, 2002, p.192) and arguably tobacco
The Vietnam War is one of the most controversial subjects in American politics. The US went to the war under the guise of the domino effect, as they believed that if Vietnam fell, the surrounding countries would fall as well. President Johnson said “If you let a bully come into your garden, the next day he’ll be on your porch, and the day after that he’ll rape your wife” One thing that is not controversial is that we lost the war. Lots of different factors contributed to the United States unsuccessful trip to Vietnam. Among many reasons, one of the two biggest factors in the lose of the war was America’s foreign policy how and how bad the US underestimated how important freedom and independence was to the people of Vietnam. On top of that the US used the wrong military strategy, instead of focusing on limiting collateral damage the US used heavy artillery that killed citizens and alienated would be supporters. There was political corruptness in South Vietnam governments, which meant that they could not build an alternative to the NLF. At home, the public opinion of the war was decreasing at a constant rate and demonstrations were at an all time high. Everything that could go wrong did go wrong, and these problems all contributed to a Vietnam tour that went horribly wrong and an attitude among the American people that was growing ever doubt full of their government.
The harsh punishment for drug crimes in the United States of America is not working. “With roughly half a million people behind bars in the U.S. for nonviolent drug offenses, drugs are as plentiful and widely used as ever” (Grenier, 2013). Even with very harsh long sentences and many people imprisoned drug use is as common as ever in America. ‘We cannot close our eyes anymore’ to the cost in human lives destroyed and taxpayer dollars wasted” (Holcomb, 2015). Harsh drug penalties are destroying American citizens lives and is costing a lot of money from taxpayers. “Yet, people who want treatment can often expect to endure an obstacle course just to get help” (Grenier, 2013). The Unites States government is spending a large amount of money on arresting and imprisoning drug users, yet are putting little to no focus on funding drug medical help for
The drug control policy of the United States has always been a subject of debate. From Prohibition in the early 1930’s to the current debate over the legalization of marijuana, drugs have always been near the top of the government’s agenda. Drug use affects every part of our society. It strains our economy, our healthcare, our criminal justice systems, and it endangers the futures of young people. In order to support a public health approach to drug control, the Obama administration has committed over $10 billion to drug education programs and support for expanding access to drug treatment for addicts (Office). The United States should commit more government resources to protect against illegal use of drugs by youths and provide help for recovering addicts.
So, it is clear that addiction is all around us and can attack anyone of us at any given time. Even studies conducted show that people neglect to speak around their dependency for two primary reasons. Foremost, because people do not comprehend, or they bear a total misconception to their addiction, that they do not realize that addictions can be critical to their overall wellness. Moreover, second, many people believe being an addict will never happen to them, but, in reality, most addictions start off as simple little habits. Such as starting with one drink after dinner and before you know it you are drinking several drinks a day. However, one does not opt to be addicted to a substance, because addictions are physical defects in the brain, a disease, and not one’s choice.
Main Point: What defines an addiction? According to Psychology Today, “Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance…. or engages in an activity….that can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work, relationships, or health.” This can range anywhere from drug use to eating disorders, to gambling, to even texting in today’s generation. Shocking to say the least, especially when most people do not even know they are addicted or are an addict until they realize this definition.
Addiction has been around since the dawn of mankind. It is everywhere in today’s society, especially in the media. Unfortunately, many people still don’t see addiction as the disease that it truly is. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine, “Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry.” Another misconception about addiction is that it only involves substance abuse, but in reality anything a person finds pleasurable can turn into an addiction. The media portrays addiction in many different ways, but again, most of it only involves substance abuse, and not behavioral addictions.
The United States is the land of the free, the home of the brave, and a place of opportunity. However, throughout the years, statistics have shown drug addiction to be a growing problem. Often times, these addictions go completely untreated. This is supported by the National Institute On Drugs. They stated that, “In 2013, an estimated 22.7 million Americans (8.6 percent) needed treatment for a problem related to drugs or alcohol, but only about 2.5 million people (0.9 percent) received treatment at a specialty facility.” With so many drug addicts going without any form of treatment, many need the support of others to recognize their addiction. As citizens of the United States, we
Drug addiction is a problem that has been increasing immensely throughout our country. With 23.5 million Americans who are addicts and 50 to 90 percent of people who relapse after a period of time in recovery, It seems that our country should take a different approach towards substance abuse. I believe the misconception of addiction in our country has pushed addicts further away, we need to help addicts reconnect and rediscover themselves back into society. By punishing addicts and making them suffer more, we believe that would discourage them and give them the incentive to stop but it’s time we treat our drug policies as health issues instead of criminal issues.
Perhaps most substance abuse starts in the teen years when young people are susceptible to pressure from their peers. One of the main concerns when dealing with substance abuse is the long term problems with substance such as addiction, dependency and tolerance. The physical state of an individual, who is addicted to a substance, will deteriorate over a long period of time. This is due to the chemicals that are being put into an individual body. One of the most important aspects of the effect of substance abuse on society includes ill health, disease, sickness, and in many cases death. The impact of substance abuse not only affects individuals who abuse substances but it affects our economy. Our government resources are negatively impacted by individual who abuse substances. According to (Lagliaro 2004) the implication of drug users extend far beyond the user, often damaging their relationships with their family, community, and health workers, volunteer and wider
Numerous people do not comprehend why or just how a person develops a drug addicted. It can be presumed that drug abusers have no moral code or willpower. Many people believe that people that are addict to drugs can leave the addiction by choosing to stop, and not feeding their addiction. In truth, drug addiction is a multifaceted illness, to quit takes more than good intentions. Society has a mental image of what a drug addict looks like. However, a person addict to drugs can be anyone, at any age, and any social standing. This mental illness will not discriminate on gender, age, color or race.
Drug addiction is a very big problem in today’s society. Many people have had their lives ruined due to drug addiction. The people that use the drugs don’t even realize that they have an addiction. They continue to use the drug not even realizing that their whole world is crashing down around them. Drug addicts normally lose their family and friends due to drug addiction.