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Role of women in the paleolithic era
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Throughout history, the importance of fertility has been identified and manifested by humanity. Venus Figurines are the earliest representation to the subject of fertility. One of the main concerns of prehistoric man was the ability to procreate and bring forward additional members to the clan. This concern was also shared by our ancestors during the last 10,000 years, and has been the subject of inspiration for many ancient history artists. The two great imperatives in the ancient world were to get married and to have children. If a couple was unable to have children, this could signify they would not have anyone to take care of them in their old age. Another reason for fertility was wealth, more people meant more workers, which meant greater
2), now known in academia as the Woman of Willendorf, is a 4.4 inch high statuette of a female figure estimated to have been made between 28,000 and 25,000 BCE. Very little is known about the origin of the figurine, the method of creation used, or cultural significance, however, the piece is one of many Venus figurines or early representations of the female figure that survived from the Paleolithic period. The figurine never had feet and does not stand on its own. It might have been pegged into soft ground. The parts of the body related to fertility and childbearing are emphasized, which leads researchers to believe Venus of Willendorf was used as a fertility goddess. The figurine does not have a visible face, her head is covered with circular horizontal bands of what might be plaited hair or some type of a headdress. Alternatively, the head may have simply been textured for use as a handle, if the figurine’s use was intended for ecstatic-state fertility rituals or even as a masturbation aid. This piece, is among many other found, at different Aurignacian sites throughout
There is a different god for each and every cult associated with Hinduism. Hindu women of all ages have faced fertility problems throughout Hindu history. According to ancient religious texts, there are certain Gods of fertility whose worship may bring about the blessing of a child. One of these is Aditi. According to ancient religious text, the heavenly bodies were born from the cosmic body of this Mother Goddesses. She is the one and only celestial mother of all things existing in the universe. Goddess Aditi is regarded as the feminine equivalent of Brahma. Personified as the Goddess of fertility, Aditi is also recognized in the form of a cow. So to appease her, a faithful offers regular prayers to cows that are considered hili in Hinduism and get rid of
The Woman from Willendorf, just as the name suggest was discovered in Willendorf, Austria in 1908 during an archeological excavation of the area. The small figurine is heavily regarded as one of the most important Paleolithic discoveries. Carved in the round from limestone the figure the figure is undeniably female with it’s exaggerated features. Some of the most recognizable features of the rounded figure include the large pendulous breast, the
As time kept passing, more and more magnificent sculptures were made by numerous artists. One of the most memorable sculpture was Aphrodite of Knidos, goddess of love and beauty. Back in the Late Classical Period, the civilians were only used to seeing ideal male nude bodies, but Praxiteles decided to make a different approach and sculpted the first female nude. Because he obviously had never seen a goddess before, he used his imagination and sculpted bathing Aphrodite as humanlike possible. He did not make it look idealistic, but instead made it beautiful with flaws.
"Statuette of a standing maiden [Etruscan] (17.190.2066) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
It offers and understanding that women were held at a different standard then than they are now. This figurine shows that women had a larger mid-section but was because they either needed the body fat for long, cold winters or the better idea was because it showed they were fertile and they were able to produce babies and keep the legacy going on. It also provides a better image of what the men and women had to go through in order to survive, like the long hard winters, the needing to hunt for food and could mean sometimes not having food. Venus of Willendorf was not considered an obese women, “where features of fatness and fertility would have been highly desirable”, (PBS, 2006). I can use this article because it explains the whole point about a women’s image. Women were not looked at how skinny and “good looking” they were in a pair of jeans. Women, in this time, were looked at as if they can be fertile or not. Being able to have children was a huge thing in this time since it was one of the point of living, to have a
As we studied in class, early Indian culture and society in 300 C.E., the Hindu society was dominated by the caste system, which influenced almost every aspect of life. Each caste had its own particular dharma, carrying with rights, obligations and restrictions. Beyond this was a generalized dharma applicable to all: deference to the Brahmins, devotion to the gods, and reverence for the Ganges and for sacred cattle (Connections, Pg. 58). Procreation too, was considered a sacred duty: large families were seen as blessings from the gods, and any attempt to limit family size was frowned upon (Connections, Pg. 58). Since reproduction was essential to reincarnation, for most people marriage and parenthood were moral obligations.
In ancient Greek society women lived hard lives on account of men's patriarch built communities. Women were treated as property. Until about a girl’s teens she was "owned" by her father or lived with her family. Once the girl got married she was possessed by her husband along with all her belongings. An ancient Greece teenage girl would marry about a 30-year-old man that she probably never met before. Many men perceived women as being not being human but creatures that were created to produce children, please men, and to fulfill their household duties. A bride would not even be considered a member of the family until she produced her first child. In addition to having a child, which is a hard and painful task for a teenage girl in ancient civilization to do, the husband gets to decide if he wants the baby. A baby would be left outside to die if the husband was not satisfied with it; usually this would happen because the child was unhealthy, different looking, or a girl.
Not only does the artist, the artist heavily renders Venus of Willendorf female genitalia, and exaggerated certain body parts. The artist has created her with no face, but sculpting a type of textile or hair style on top of her head. They have sculpted this textile or hair style half way onto the Venus of Willendorf head. It almost covers her whole face and leaves a little space, where you would expect to see a mouth. The
The Venus of Willendorf and the Venus de Milo are two ancient day venus sculptures representing two different views on beauty. The Venus of Willendorf is a small 4.5 inch limestone figure of a Goddess which is believed to be used as a fertility symbol, while the Venus de Milo is a tall ancient Greek statue of a Goddess which is said to represent love and beauty. The Venus of Willendorf’s body structure is very different than that of Venus de Milo. The venus of Willendorf appears to be a short lady with a large emphasis on her reproductive organs, breasts and stomach area whereas the Venus de Milo appears to be very tall with smaller breasts, and a really athletic build. She appears to have abs and looks as if she has not had children before, while the Venus of Willendorf looks like she has had children due to her huge breasts and stretched out belly button. The Venus
Mythology was very important to the men and women of ancient Greece. They worshipped the gods and goddesses, wrote poems about them, and based a great deal of art work off of them. The people of Greece looked to the gods and goddesses for help in all aspects of their lives; including health, agriculture, and war. Reading about Greek mythology can inform people about the society of Greece itself because the Greek gods were created by the people of Greece. Three main goddesses who were worshipped by the Greeks were Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. These three goddesses represent three different types of women in Greek society. Sarah Pomeroy, author of Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, believed that “the goddesses are archetypal images of human females, as envisioned by males” (8). Pomeroy understands the significance in the differences between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, and what those differences meant for the women of Greece who were required to follow three important rules. The first rule was for the women to live a life of domesticity and motherhood. This was very important to the men in the society. The women were the only ones able to bear children. Also, if they were forced to stay in the house, men could keep a greater control on their wives, and not have to worry about them having affairs. The second important trait was virginity until marriage. Its importance to the Greek culture lied in the fear of a woman’s power. The men of the society felt it best that a woman remained a virgin until she was married; however this same attribute was not required of a man. Their belief can be explained by this quote written by P. Walcot in the article “Greek Attitudes Towards Women: The Mythological Evidence”: “The Greeks believed women...
The term Masochism derives from a proper name of a nineteenth century Austrian writer, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Many of Sacher-Masoch's works contain themes of sadomasochism and female dominance of the male. In his more or less famous autobiographical novel Venus in Furs (Venus im pelz,1870) the protagonist desires to be enslaved and mistreated. A year earlier , in 1869 , Masoch and his mistress Baroness Fanny Pistor signed a contract making him her slave for half a year, with the remarkable stipulation that the Baroness wear furs as often as possible, "especially when she was in a cruel mood".Details of Masoch's private life were published in memoirs of his first wife Aurora von Rümelin (My Life Confession Mein Lebensbeichte, 1906)whom he married to live out the experience of the novel .But the prefences of Aurora did not match those of him, and Masoch ,
The Venus of Willendorf is one of the earliest sculptures of the body made by humans during the Paleolithic era. She was made from limestone native to her location and covered with red orche. Despite standing only 4.4 inches, the purpose of the Venus of Willendorf is widely debated. Some will say the exaggerated breasts, navel, and vulva connects her to fertility as a representation of a mother goddess. Others, such as those in my class, believe her to be a figure of body image. The stumpy female figure features hanging breasts, an obese middle and belly, and distinct buttocks in all, represents a realistic form of a severely overweight woman. Due to the hash ice-age environment of where she’s from leads one to believe fatness and fertility would have been highly desirable. Whether the sculpture was based on a fantasy or a real life model the infatuations with the idea of self-acceptance through body
In the Theogony, creation starts with two powerful initial goddesses: Chaos and Gaia. These goddesses give birth to a plethora of children, all of them born “without [the goddesses] mating in sweet love” (line 132). Because they give birth through self-procreation the goddesses have absolute control over their wombs. As other deities are born self-procreation is replaced by births of dual parentage. With gods and dual parentage, subversion of the female womb begins. Absolute control of birth is replaced by the struggle between genders for control of birth.
Diotima stated that humans were in love with immortality, thus they longed to procreate and let their offspring resemble the old ones in order to achieve the continuity of existence that means immortality. For procreating, in Diotima’s case, there are two ways: one is physically giving birth to ordinary children, the other is mentally giving birth to offspring. These two types of procreation represent two stages of Love. The former is for Love that stems from the attraction to the beauty of human bodies, while the latter is for Love that starts from the appreciation of the mental beauty. Hence, in conclusion, according to Diotima, Love is the journey of the true beauty.
Botticelli depicts Venus standing a relaxing pose with long golden wavy hair that falls to her knees skin blemish free and pale as the seafoam she’s born from with one hand (right) gently placed over her right breast she uses the other (left) grasping for
Venus in Botticelli's painting is a Renaissance beauty. During the Renaissance women were believed to look more attractive if they had some weight to them. It was believed that this weight make them more prepared for child birth, and basically healthier. Venus has weight in the painting. Without this weight I do not feel that she would have such a strong impact on her viewers. Another strong point of Venus's presence is her wonderful long and flowing red-orange hair. It flows around her body keeping her pose modest, yet revealing. In all of this beauty it can be easy to overlook the unnatural length of Venus's neck, and the steep fall of her shoulders. Venus's outline is wonderfully graceful, and it is the grace that makes the print so wholesome and beautiful. If Botticelli would have chosen a slimmer or less natural Venus the harmony of the picture would have been destroyed.