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Transgenic animals essay
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Ever think of what might lay in the future? Imagine being able to look at a screen and pick exactly what your child might look like, anything from it’s physical appearance to it’s athleticism and smarts. Imagine a world where there was the opportunity to have the “perfect” child. A little boy with athleticism like Michael Jordan and smarts like Einstein. A little girl with blonde hair, blue eyes, and a perfect face/body measurements for a model. Impossible? Not anymore. With today’s advances in technology and genetics, it is becoming possible to pick not only a perfect baby, but an animal too.
What is specifically is genetic engineering? How does it work? Genetic engineering is the deliberate use of genetic material to manipulate characteristics in an organism. There are two different kinds; cloning and transgenic animals. There is three different kinds of cloning; therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning, and DNA cloning. Therapeutic cloning is when the embryo is cloned and produces a whole new human embryo for scientific research. Reproductive cloning is used to create a like organism to one that previously lived. DNA cloning is the act of taking DNA from one person and putting into into a self reproducing organism. First, a scientist will take an egg from a host with defective DNA and implant the live DNA of a desired donor into the original egg and then place the newly designed egg back into the original host. The egg will then mature at a slightly quicker rate than normal maturity. Soon after, the mother will give birth to this newly created offspring. These animals are called transgenic animals. Transgenic animals can be used for scientific research for diseases, medicinal purposes, or better product. The first transgenic...
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...ormones in humans to have a excessive strength and muscle growth and improve athletes. If this was to happen, athletes would not need steroids anymore and these enhancers would not show up on test. They have tried gene doping on both a species of cattle and mice. The very first subject was on Belgian Blue Cattle. The problem that arose with this experiment was the fact that their muscle never stopped growing. The females couldn’t even give birth naturally because they were too big. The next animals at the prey of the scientist hands was mice. These mice were called “Schwarzenegger mice” because they were abnormally muscular. They were genetically engineered to have excessive strength to help with muscle diseases and to reverse the decreased muscle mass in old age. The results were positive as the mice’s muscle was infact increased without any immediate consequences.
The second article I have chosen to evaluate for this topic is The Designer Baby Myth written by Steven Pinker. This article starts off by explaining how many people fear the idea of genetic enhancement. Several citizens are concerned about creating the ultimate inequality or changing human nature itself. Many will say technology in medicine is increasing to the point where genetic improvement is inevitable. Steven presents his position on the matter in his thesis statement; “But when it come to direct genetic enhancement-engineering babies with genes for desirable traits-there are many reasons to be skeptical.” He makes it clear that genetic enrichment is not particularly inevitable or likely in our lifetime. He bases his skepticism around three sources; the limits of futurology, science of behavioral genetics, and human nature.
Catalano, Michael. "The Prospect of Designer Babies: Is It Inevitable?" The People, Ideas, and Things (PIT) Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
Trivino claims gene doping is the main purpose is to improve the physical performance of athletes. Gene doping is on the list of banned substances, it is in the same category as anabolic steroids. Gene doping is an unfair way for an athlete to physically perform better because they don 't have to work as hard as other that work their butts off to be able to perform at that level. It is very similar to anabolic steroids because the use of the steroids gives that person a greater amount of strength without working for it. Not only does gene doping gives the athlete an unfair advantage to their physical abilities, but also has many cons that could put the individual 's health at risk. Wells states, “Risks associated with gene doping fall into two main areas. Firstly, the product and the procedures for delivery of the product carry risks. Secondly, the uncontrolled expression of the genes may in themselves be harmful” (627). Wells believes, that gene doping can be harmful and has many unknown risks on the effects gene doping will have on an individual 's body. I believe that gene doping shouldn 't be
Sandel explores the immoral nature of genetic enhancements through their potential use in athletics, creating “Bionic Athletes.” The world admires athletes for their expression of great skill in their resp...
In recent years, great advancement has been made in medicine and technology. Advanced technologies in reproduction have allowed doctors and parents the ability to screen for genetic disorders (Suter, 2007). Through preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prospective parents undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) can now have their embryo tested for genetic defects and reduce the chance of the child being born with a genetic disorder (Suter, 2007). This type of technology can open the door and possibility to enhance desirable traits and characteristics in their child. Parents can possibly choose the sex, hair color and eyes or stature. This possibility of selecting desirable traits opens a new world of possible designer babies (Mahoney,
Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process to alter the structure and nature of genes in humans, plants, and animals (what is genetic engineering). Because DNA is a code that is universal, genes can be manipulated
Genetic Engineering is deleting or adding different types for DNA that have different characteristics, and then adding them to a embryo to produce a specific organism. Cloning is where you move cells from the original embryo and place them into another one to produce the same organism. Genetech was the first company to first start experimenting with this new science in 1981. Gregor Mendel was the first scientist to discover this new science he called Genetics. At the time this company was valued at $200 million. Research for this t...
Imagine a parent walking into what looks like a conference room. A sheet of paper waits on a table with numerous questions many people wish they had control over. Options such as hair color, skin color, personality traits and other physical appearances are mapped out across the page. When the questions are filled out, a baby appears as he or she was described moments before. The baby is the picture of health, and looks perfect in every way. This scenario seems only to exist in a dream, however, the option to design a child has already become a reality in the near future. Parents may approach a similar scenario every day in the future as if choosing a child’s characteristics were a normal way of life. The use of genetic engineering should not give parents the choice to design their child because of the act of humans belittling and “playing” God, the ethics involved in interfering with human lives, and the dangers of manipulating human genes.
"The aim is to decrease the fear of a brave new world and to encourage people to be more proactive about their health. It [Gene therapy] will help humans become better physically and even mentally and extend human life. It is the future” (Hulbert). Dr. Hulbert, a genetic engineer, couldn’t be anymore right; more time, money, and research needs to be put into gene therapy and genetic engineering, since it can cure certain illness and diseases that are incurable with modern medicine, has fewer side-effects than conventional drugs or surgery, and allows humans to be stronger physically and mentally at birth. Gene therapy or genetic engineering is the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population (NIH). It essentially means that we can change DNA to make an organism better. Genetic engineering is used with animals and plants every day; for example with genetic...
Biomedical enhancements have been used for a long time in everyday life and in sporting events, such as the Olympics, as “Ancient Greek athletes swallowed herbal infusions before competitions. The Egyptians brewed...Viagra at least 1,000 years before Christ… [and] European nations began adopting anti-doping laws in the mid-1960s, and the Olympic Games began testing athletes in 1968” (Mehlman 1). Biomedical enhancements have been used by Ancient Greeks and Egyptians. Steroid make sports unfair, which resulted in the European nations making anti-doping laws for athletes. Another reason that biomedical enhancements should scare humans is saving the youth. The youth of the world is very vulnerable to biomedical enhancements, which is shown by “Another vulnerable population is children...consume powerful, potentially dangerous enhancement substances” (Mehlman 2). Legitimizing these biomedical enhancements would make the youth of the world very vulnerable to these dangerous substances. They don’t understand the everlasting effects of the enhancements. The last reason that biomedical enhancements should scare humans is the true motivation for doing the research is not what it should be, which is explained by “...research focused on enhancement, rather than on therapy…” (Weckert 1). In a lot of cases, research for enhancements is not focused on therapeutical purposes, but is rather conducted for the sake of research. Victor Frankenstein believed that it was important to do research for the sake of research and not for any other reason. Mehlman explains that “Individuals may be vulnerable to harm not only from using enhancements, but from participating in experiments to see if an enhancement is safe and effective... [and] designed to ensure that the risks of the research are
Athletes are always searching for ways to enhance their performance. Recently, beginning in the 1950s, that search has included the use of illegal substances like steroids and growth hormones. Illegal substances have been used widely by athletes in hop es of achieving the desired Olympic gold medal or multi-million dollar contract. Some nations, for example the late East Germany in the 1970s and 1980s, have mandated the use of steroids by their athletes. The downside of using those illegal substances is that because they are illegal, getting caught using them can lead to losing that coveted gold medal, a lifetime ban from sports, and a total loss of honor and dignity. This is why the search is now on to find some legal means of enhancing athletic per formance.
In this weeks TED Talk, Paul Root Wolpe spoke on the stages of evolution and where we stand today. We now have the ability to clone animals so we can prevent extinction, we genetically modify animals for human benefit, we have the technology to wire cameras into animal’s brains and control their every move. With all this being said, if we can do this to animals, it’s only a matter of time before we can do it with humans. I don’t know where I stand on bio-engineering and the idea of genetically modifying our offspring to guarantee them a better healthier life. I am completely against the idea snowman presented in chapter five where everyone looked the same, no wrinkles, or any sort of flaw. I’m against it because I believe that’s what makes us humans, humans. I find beauty in the flaws, beauty in the imperfections, why would anyone ever want to make us all look “perfect”. I put perfect in quotes because who is to even say what perfect really is? Your version of perfect can be insanely different from my version of perfect. The idea of using bio-engineering to expand one’s life expectancy and better the lives of everyone around the world is something I don’t mind paying interest
Genetic Engineering is the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic information (Lee 1). The outcome scientists refer to as successful entitles the living thing’s ability to produce new substances or perform new functions (Lee 1). In the early 1970’s, direct manipulation of the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) became possible and led to the rapid advancement of modern biotechnology (Lee 1).
Genetic engineering has been around since the 1960’s although major experiments have not been really noticed until the 1990’s. The science comes in different forms the two major being cloning and genetic reconstruction. Cloning is the duplicating of one organism and making an exact copy. For example in 1996 the creation of the clone sheep named Dolly the first mammal to be cloned which was a great achievement. The other form, genetic reconstruction, is used to replace genes within humans to help or enhance the life of an unborn child for a medical reason or just for the preference of a parent.
To start with , genetic engineering is another term used for genetic manipulation which is a process consisting the addition of new DNA to an organism. The whole purpose of this process is to add new traits that are not already available in the organism. Genetic engineering is often mistaken with breeding which is technique that is mostly used with animals in order to create faster or stronger offspring. Genetic engineering is however different from breeding because it uses much less natural techniques that are usually performed in the lab. The big difference though in terms of genetics , is that genetic engineering allows gene modification that are not close to a certain species. For example , we can mix the DNA of a vegetable with the DNA of an animal in manipulation which is impossible by breeding. The basic idea of genetic manipulation is to isolate a certain cell’s DNA and to mix it with the DNA victor to create a whole new cell with new characteristics. The problem though behind all that, is that its really hard to predict what the results are going to be.