1.Introduction
Urbanization is related to development of modernization and industrialization signifies an expanding urban population and an extension of the building up territory of cities (Brade, I. ; Kovacs, Z., 2014). From 1949 to 1979, the rate of urbanization rose from 10.64 per cent to 18.96 per cent respectively (the United Nations, 2014). Comparatively, urbanization in 1978 grew triple the rate of the in 1978 , increasing almost 1 percentage point in ever year from 18.96 per cent to 46.6 per cent between 1998 and 2009 that means 622 million people are living in big or small cities and towns (Xinhua Netnews, March 30, 2010). In fact, there is 56.1 per cent of population in China residing in urban areas in 2016 (Xinhua Netnews,2016).
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The government use the exchange of farmland to gather ex-landholdings to farmers concentrated residential areas. These people who are reside in the area are still have the certification of farmer, but their origin of income become to be non-agricultural. Even though development of town and farmers concentrated residential area, the environment of resident will be improved and attract more farmer to various towns and cities (Jirui.Y, Xiaorong.Z ,2010). Meanwhile, it is positive to complete infrastructures, socially public service and social security system. Also, coordinated development plan is a crucial policy to reach a balance in urban and rural area. The principle of coordination development method is about three aspect: 1. concentrate farmers and help them to settle in cities or a new farmers concentrated residential area. 2. concentrate farmland to segment these land and realize the scale of economy and cities. 3. concentrate on same firms and industry in organized industrial area and concentrate economy and create non-agricultural …show more content…
Nevertheless, the distance between urban and rural area is still enormous and serious which encumber the process of urbanization in Sichuan and violate the policy of Chinese urbanization. In order to solve this issue effectively and initiatively, the government made and carried out two policies, coordinated residential plan and 'small city strategy '. The former policy is to manage rural migrants to a big city, a small city or a new concentrated residential area in order to achieve the concentrated development of economy and expand the scale of cities. The latter one is to prevent big cities to become over-population and consist more small cities to promote big cities. According to these two way, It will be effective to narrow the gap between urban and rural area and to be helpful for the government to have more power to manage and control the economy, population and some other affairs. Notably, after 5.12 earthquake in Wenchuan, the economy in Sichuan felled down quickly and some people who were living in earthquake zones become homelessness. So, the government use coordinated residential plan and 'small city strategy ' to restore the economy and society and help homeless people move into a new residential that are near their new working place. Above all, the coordinated residential plan and 'small city strategy ' are the most useful and effective way to solve the issue that
The arrival of immigrants triggered a rapid urbanization of the major cities in the United States. New buildings were built to keep up with the city’s population increase, new modes of transportation were built in order to get across the city faster, and settlement house were created The immigrants rushed into cities causing skyscrapers and tenements to be build. As a result of limited land, businesses decide to build the business up instead of out. In addition, many of the immigrants were poor, so the tenement was invented. A tenement is a building full of small apartments that would house many families. Document two shows an immigrant family living in one of these tenements. In addition, to changes in building there were also changes
This essay will discuss the issue of migration. Migration is movement by humans from one place to another. There are two types of migration, it is immigration and emigration. Immigration is movement by people into the country and emigration is movement by humans, who want two leave countries voluntary or involuntary. Economic, religious, education social and problems are reasons of migration. Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economy and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los-Angeles, New York and shanghai. I would like to draw on the city Shanghai.
As with most major metropolitan areas urban sprawl has become an issue with Irvine, California being no exception. Byproducts of sprawl include an increase in jobs, increases in population density, increased traffic, and increased housing costs. I selected the affordable housing policies of the City of Irvine in my paper. Due to the high cost of housing in Irvine, the city has faced lawsuits and other challenges in providing housing for low income earners.
George Murdock once said that a community is one of the two truly universal units of society organization, the other one being family (Schaefer, 461). We are all part of a community, and in many cases, we are a part of multiple ones. In chapter 20 of our textbook, we are looking at communities and urbanization. It discusses urbanization and how communities originate. It also looks at the different types of communities. Communities are defined as “a spatial or political unit of social organization that gives people a sense of belonging” (Schaefer, 548). It can be based on a place of residence, such as a city, neighborhood, or a particular school district. It could also be based on common identity, such as gays, the homeless, or the deaf.
The population of China has change rapidly as well as the main sectors of jobs. China has changed their Life style from agriculture being the largest section at 42% of China working in farming and other agricultural related work, while services was at 32.2% and Industrial work being the smallest at 25,2%. But in 2011 35.7% of the population is was working in services, 29.5% in industry and the agriculture section of China to 34.8% making the sections quite even .When the population grew the Chinese had a large change and started to even out the three sections.
Urban Consolidation Factors and Fallacies in Urban Consolidation: Introduction As proponents of urban consolidation and consolidated living continue to manifest in our society, we must ensure that our acknowledgment of its benefits, and the problems of its agitator (sprawl), do not hinder our caution over its continually changing objectives. Definition Like much urban policy, the potential benefits that urban consolidation and the urban village concept seek to offer are substantially undermined by ambiguous definition. This ambiguity, as expressed through a general lack of inter-governmental and inter-professional cohesion on this policy, can best be understood in terms of individual motives (AIUSH,1991). * State Government^s participatory role in the reduction of infrastructure spending.
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
In the twenty-first century, with the rapid development of economics in the world, many countries have been able to improve their standard of living and improve the quality of their life. However, a few countries still have a significant issue with poverty that many Chinese people suffered from inequality life, such as China. For example, almost 40 million people live in poverty in rural China and they do not have enough income, and a lot of people died duo to poverty. This essay will discuss the effects of poverty in rural China such as poor health. It will also present possible solutions in terms of the government providing better job opportunities and providing education.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Though China is the world's fifth-largest country in terms of area and the second largest country in Asia, it is the most populous country in the world. There is over one billion Chinese people which is 19 percent of the world's population and the population still keeps growing. From 2000 to 2010, Chinese population growth is about 6.2% and if we compared the population from 1960 with 2010, the population had grown more than 100%. While half of Chinese people live in the rural areas, the urban population is growing rapidly. In January 2012, urban population has exceeded the rural population for the first time. Now about 100 million rural people become migrant workers which move in and out the cities in search of work. This has caused many problems in China , since in the past and the present day, such as traffic jams in the city, pollution, and most importantly the shortage of food and shelter. This might affect the Chinese economic as well.
In 1950, only 13% of China’s population lived in cities (Seto, n.d.). Post 30 years, one hundred-million people moved to large cities from rural areas in China. This migration was considered the largest migration in human history. To compare this migration to western cities, the example of Shenzhen is used. For a Western city to have a population of three million to increase to ten million, it takes about a hundred years. 30-year old city, Shenzhen on the other hand made this population increase in just a decade (qtd. Caughey and Dawn). Today, over 53.7% of its population lives in cities; by 2020 it is projected that a whole 60% of the population will live in cities (Xinhuanet, 2014).
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
...As a member of the Third World, Korea has experienced quite an extreme urbanization. During the time when it was becoming more urbanized, it could achieve a massive economic development. But it also suffered from various urban problems as traffic, pollution, and housing shortage. The government’s effort to restrain urban population growth and develop more balanced society was a good try yet not so successful in reviving rural areas and solving urban problems. The developing countries, which still are in the early stages, can learn a lesson from the urbanization of Korea and develop adequate plans to handle intense urban expansion in the future. Future studies can compare Korean government plans with more successful population redistribution plans in other parts of the world and give suggestions to less developed states about proper plans responsive to urbanization.
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.