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Women's economic role in society
Women's economic role in society
The role of women in the economy
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Recommended: Women's economic role in society
Summary It is apparent that women as a group continue to experience poverty and hardship more significantly than men. One of this week’s readings illustrates how women continue to juggle paid and unpaid work, insecure employment, have multiple jobs, and seasonal work with few work supported health benefits. It is evident that even in the twentieth century women face multiple barriers to employment. These barriers include: lack of good quality childcare, lack of affordable public transportation, inflexibility of employment and much more. The article by Reid and LeDrew states how, “more than 1,772,000 women in Canada live in poverty” (Reid and LeDrew, 2016, p. 54). The primary causes of women’s poverty are described as being labor market inequities, domestic circumstances, and welfare systems. However, overwhelming findings from the article states how women’s domestic responsibility limits …show more content…
their job opportunities (Reid and LeDrew, 2016, p. 59). Therefore, it is imperative to understand intersectional framework, which recognizes the complex connection among gender, location, unpaid caregiving and cultural experiences and how that affects employability. Context This part of the inventory will focus on how cultural factors and expectations shape women’s employability in the Urban-South Asian community.
I’ve witnessed many South Asian women having two or three part times jobs and also fully manage childcare and domestic duties. Reid and LeDrew explain, “after immigrating to Canada, some South Asian women have the potential to earn as much or more than their husbands and often found work before the men” (59). It was interesting to learn how this could create conflict in family relationships because this meant women were self-sufficient and independent. Additionally, South Asian women’s limited opportunities of jobs were further perpetuated by cultural expectations of women’s caregiving roles, which is linked with cultural values and norms. Reid and LeDrew examine how in South Asian culture, the family is seen as the fundamental building block from which all else grows (Reid, LeDrew, p. 61). Therefore, it is important to understand how South Asian women’s caregiving responsibilities impact both their health and their
employability. Engagement The second reading about aging and economic security in Canada examines how old, single women and growing number of visible minority and immigrant seniors lack the financial resources that ensure a secure and stable standard of living in old age. This article helped me reflect back on my experience of working as an income assistant worker with seniors and realizing how complex of patterns of poverty for immigrant seniors were. There were many times where I had to tell clients that they were not eligible for OAS, GIS or CPP because they came to Canada in later life. I was bound by policies, but I wish I had read this article prior to working in that setting. This article highlights how intersectionality of multiple dimensions of social identity, such as immigrant status, gender, and visible minority status affects their economic security status. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the critical need to examine the large differences between the levels of poverty between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens and across other visible minority groups in Canada.
Canadian workplaces today seem to be a fairly diverse place, with a blend of many religions, ethnicities, and genders present. However, although people preach affirmative action and melting pots in current times, many inequality and power issues still abound. One strikingly noticeable example is gender discrimination. Women in the workforce face many challenges like smaller wages, harassment, male privilege in hiring or promotions, and lack of support when pregnant or raising children. One half of the planet is women, and it can be assumed the same for Canada, but they still face judgment at work because they lack the authority to dispute against big corporations or even their male supervisor. It cannot be argued that Canadian women’s status has worsened over the past hundred years, of course, thanks to feminism and activism. However, their status is not as high as it could be. Women as a group first started fighting for workplace equality during the second wave of feminism, from the 1960s to the 1990s. Legislation was approved during the second wave to try to bring gender equality to the workplace. Feminists both collided and collaborated with unions and employers to ensure women received fair treatment in an occupation. Quebec had the same issues, only the province approached the conflict differently than English Canada with its own unique viewpoint. It became clear that women were entering the workplace and did not plan on leaving. Second-wave feminism in Canada shifted power from the government and businesses to women in order to try to bring equality, although the discrimination never completely disappeared.
Their ethnographic study included about 162 women. The sample was limited to mothers making less than $16,000 per year, placing them under the federal poverty line. All the women lived in neighborhoods where at least twenty percent were poor. Each had at least one child under eighteen living at home. They also were classified single mothers, though few actually maintained their own household. They ranged in age from fifteen to fifty-six, with an average of twenty five years of age. Forty-five percent had no high school diploma, but fifteen percent had a GED. Of these women, forty percent worked low income service jobs. The authors had informal interactions with the wome...
The image of Canadian families and their relationships constructed within their household’s marks a noticeable change. Both Meg Luxton and Sedef Arat-Koc represent the different positions that individuals are placed due to the balance of work and family. It is a reflection of how power is maintained within the household, and how decisions are being made. Meg Luxton’s reading Wives and Husbands, and Family Coping Strategies, raises the complexity of family life due to gender inequality. In, Family Coping Strategies women struggle with balancing work and domestic labour. In Sedef Arat- Kocs reading, The Politics of Family and Immigration in the Subordination of Domestic Workers in Canada, the situation in which domestic workers are placed leaves them with limited freedom, but their place within the household is significant. According to the readings my argument is that the way households and families in Canada are constructed represents a change in the way women and domestic workers are left treated. The first way this is maintained is through gender inequalities, and their causes. The second way is through the nature of nannies vulnerable position within households and what in turn causes this. Lastly, in order to understand how families are constructed through the way that these social inequalities are placed upon women and domestic workers, we have to think about what would need to change to undermine these social inequalities.
There are nearly as many women as there are men working, yet, as it was discovered in 2011, on average, a woman will only earn seventy-seven cents for every dollar that a man earns. Women owned businesses make up for over a quarter of all national businesses and earn more than one point two trillion dollars (“Assessing the Past, Taking Stock of the Future” 6). Since many women are now becoming are the primary sources of income in the household, making less that a man does not only negatively affect families, but also the overall economy suffers as well. These women, among many others, are the ones who end up purchasing the supplies that go toward improving communities and stimulating the economy. There is no reason that the general public should stand for this. Women should be treated equally to men in today’s American society based on their biological compositions, psychological profiles and contributions to history.
The percentage of women in the workforce has increased from 50 percent in the 1970’s to 75 percent in 1998. Sixty-two percent of mothers with children under the age of six are employed, while 75 percent of mothers with children between the ages of six and seventeen are employed. Concurrently, new family structures have emerged, as the traditional “nuclear family” (single-earner husband, homemaker wife and children) has declined to minority status. The nuclear family description fit...
The reduced earnings of women have an impact on 7.4 million households run by single working women. Over two point one million families consisting of working single mothers were considered poor. An added two point four million working single mothers were severely struggling to barely make ends meet. They were falling between 100 and 200 pe...
Discussions surrounding class and economic inequality are things that feminism does and should continue to contribute to. A positive impact in the lives of women of all classes can be achieved through the implementation of some of the fundamental principles of feminism, which includes the provision of equal opportunity, regardless of sex. When correctly applied, feminism has the potential to make its biggest impact on the lives of poor women. Economically disadvantaged women typically find themselves trapped in a situation that requires them to manage the heavy demands of their families and their careers. This situation typically affects them more than their upper class counterparts. Therefore, when it comes to the issue of economic inequality,
‘Women are at far greater risk of poverty than men: at any given stage in their lives, women are far more likely than men to be poor and their experience of poverty is also likely to be far more acute’ (Wright, 1992 p17). Poverty has been defined as a relative multidimensional and dynamic phenomenon, which in the United Kingdom (UK) has a female face, as historical data for the past hundred years has provided a constant depiction of women’s experience of deprivation (Ruspini, 2011). Regardless of attempts to promote equality between the sexes, gender still remains a key organising principle in society. This is especially the case within the social security system where the labour market is segregated horizontally and vertically and beset by persistent pay gaps and hours of work that varies by gender; a division of labour in the household, with men working long hours outside the home and women working fewer hours but undertaking more unpaid caring work; and the distribution of resources and ownership betwe...
One of the Biggest Challenges for Women Today: The Feminization of Poverty The division of labour and education along gender lines, racial inequalities and discrimination, and unpaid domestic labour all contribute to the growing feminization of poverty. Feminists are working to decrease the income gap, to benefit the overall health of women and the population at large. The term feminization of poverty describes the disproportionate number of women who are poor, and its link to the division of labour along gender lines (Calixte, Johnson, & Motapanyane, 2010). The Canadian Labour Congress reported that in 2005, women working full time earned 70.5 cents to the dollar that every male in a comparable job earned ( as cited in Calixte, et al., 2010, p. 17). Across the board, women are more likely to suffer from poverty than men are (Harnan, 2006).
Filipinas interviewed in the article ““We Don’t Sleep around Like White Girls Do”: Family, culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives”, stated that their role as a woman is to stay at home and become good wives for their husbands. One woman expresses her experience growing up the only girl in her family and having to clean the house because her mom wanted her to be the perfect housewife. Filipinos throughout the article refer to their family as close-knit, that they as a collective take care of one another, are closely involved within their family and community. Another woman mentioned in the article decided to get her doctoral in nursing, breaking the norm of Filipino culture, stating that “all the connectedness, it steals parts of myself because all of my energies are devoted to my family”.(424) However, breaking the cultural norm that a woman’s place is in the household isn’t easy because women and men have different standards. The standard of Filipino man consists of working, gaining a higher education, having freedom to go out and
Gender roles are extremely important to the functioning of families. The family is one of the most important institutions. It can be nurturing, empowering, and strong. Some families are still very traditional. The woman or mother of the family stays at home to take care of the children and household duties. The man or father figure goes to work so that he can provide for his family. Many people believe that this is the way that things should be. Gender determines the expectations for the family. This review will explain those expectations and how it affects the family.
Poverty has been a major problem over the last decade and will continue to be a problem unless the government provides solutions to the problem. Poverty isn’t common in male-headed households; however, it is very common in female-headed households. Female-headed households are households that are headed by widowed, unmarried, divorced and often separated women. Based on an article written in 2014, “two and five female-headed families with children live in poverty” (Gould 2012).
Women in the developing countries bear a much heavier burden in the house than that in the developed countries. Take China and USA as an example. Chinese women almost devote themselves to their families. Husbands and children are regarded as focus of their lives. Sometimes they give up their careers, hobbies and interest for the sake of the families. Due to the poor medical condition and the traditional family concept that women are historical entitled of the task to give a birth to a baby boy, not many of them use modern contraceptive methods to control their family size. In this case, “on average, women in poor countries tend to have twice as many babies as women in the rich countries” (“Women” 10). As we know, China is taking on “One Child Policy”. Actually, it’s very hard to be implemented, especially in poorly educated areas. In America, although women also have “double burden”, which means that women now work “in factory, shop or office as well as in the home as cook, cleaner, child rearer, shopper and homemaker” (Hall 21), they don’t think the family is the most important thing. To realize their dreams is the answer. Today, there are various housework training courses popular with American men. Men are obliged to share the housework.
Globally, women are estimated to constitute the world’s poor people and receive diminutive wages and salaries for their labour. This is attested by Leghorn and Parker (1991) who argue that women’s labour is one-third of the world 's formal labour force and they do four fifths of all informal work, but receive only ten percent of the world 's income and own less than one percent of the world’s possessions. The situation of women described above is termed the “feminization of poverty” in recognition of women 's increasing share of global poverty (Glazebrook, 2011 p.764).
“In South Asia, West Asia and China, the ratio of women to men can be as low as 0.94 or even lower” this is due to a direct result of discrimination that derived from cultural and economic reasons. He discussed this issue both as an economist and an intellectual scholar. Moreover, Sen spoke about the benefit and importance of gainful employment. Women need to feel and know that they are contributing to the betterment of their family not only by being a stay home mother, but by actively taking part in employment outside the home. Being able to work would offer women the economic freedom, independence and power to contribute to division making in the family. Sen states, in his article that, this shift “will greatly influence what are implicitly accepted as women’s” rights. Within the same context, ownership of assets in terms of their impact on “cooperative conflicts” within the family is another way women voice can be heard. Allowing women to own lands and having their names be listed jointly or as owners of property will shift the scale in favor of equal footing among