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Impacts of hurricane katrina
Impacts of hurricane katrina
Impacts of hurricane katrina
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When urban planners sit at a table, and they are deciding what actions to take, they look at location as a primary source for putting cities together, with the development of houses, industries, and places for market goods to be sold while always trying to increase the supply and demand. In order to get from one place to the next, transportation methods were created to combat city growth and create valuable mechanisms of transporting goods and services within a market. Individuals determined to make things work within a given city constantly recreate, and challenge the laws of nature to make it fit their vision, because entrepuners want to bring character to cities by making them viable places to reside, consequences such as poverty , death, and poorly developed cities arose. Urban planning for city development is a constant battle between losers in winners in the struggle to manage population growth and the need for its current and future sustainability.
City planning developed from the profession of engineering. It was a theory put into practice for the purpose of city building. “The art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man” (Thomas Tredgold).They felt they needed to control nature in order to make money and expand the city. This targeted public transportation, water as a service, welfare capitalism, building regulations, and health sanitation. Though one of the major concerns were the issues of finance, and how thing were going to be paid for. As cities begin to grow, they can then issue debt, to pay for city services.
Middle class neighborhoods were built across from rivers and mills and away from polluted factories and industrialization. George Pullman, an industrialist, was on...
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...enty-four hours, a torrent of floodwaters surged through Sacramento, carrying away most anything in their path, from tents and small buildings to wagons and livestock, there was no adequate means of escape for life or property” (120).This goes to show that nature has a way of taking its own course. Hurricane Katrina is a prime example of us trying to control nature and her constantly reclaiming her territory. As a people, we don’t choose to walk away from conflict, instead, we keep rebuilding because of our emotional ties & investment in the land. So what we do as individuals is find ways to make nature work for us by building levees, dams, canals, and recreating the space. One of the best examples of man’s direct artificial imposition on nature is Discovery Park. This allows for diversion of floods, and is a great use of land and space for recreational activities.
According to Park Dixon Goist (1977). “city Planning emerged as a movement and then a profession in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century“ which was formed by a number of related interests such as included landscape architects, architects, progressive politics, housing reform, the city beautiful movement, the Garden city or the new towns idea, regionalism and zoning. (Goist, 1977, page 121). The idea of city planning therefore emerged at the time when the industrial revolution was at its peak and people were flocking from the villages into cities for better jobs and pay. This was the time when the Chicago Exposition had just hit the exhibition forum and the Garden City concept by Ebenezer Howard and others were in competition.
While early 20th century America was an era of great economic advancement and material wealth, the prevalent growth in industry had a profound impact on small, rural communities. An expanding upper class did not signify prosperity for all. Those who were unable to rise in society were left behind, forced to live under harsh environmental conditions as factories polluted rural towns. As detailed by Nick while accompanying Tom to the city one
At the turn of the twentieth century, the United States went through a series of major changes known as Industrialization and Urbanization. These developments had a major impact on American life, especially in newly urbanized cities such as New York and Chicago. Americans moved very rapidly from agriculture to machinery, and big businesses boomed, as well as the pockets of a select few. However, along with this change, unprecedented consequences faced thousands of unfortunate Americans who lived in these inner cities but did not get the chance to share in the profits of the country’s economic growth. As other Americans grew extremely rich due to their successful business and investments, the poor in America only grew poorer. They worked numerous hours a week for an extremely low pay rate in places such as factories where conditions were harsh. These laborers would most likely live in buildings called tenements, which were overcrowded apartment buildings in the poorest part of a city. As these negative consequences of urbanization and industrialization ravaged through cities, social reformers began to take action to combat these ills. One social reformer, by the name of Jacob Riis, exposed these appalling conditions to the American public through his experience with journalism and photography and uncovered the horrific effects of Urbanization and Industrialization in New York City in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. His actions sustained the Progressive Movement in the city and were the reasons for several measures taken by the city to repair these social ills.
Historically, Chicago has been and always will be a city of change both industrially and agriculturally to the metropolis we know and revere today with skyscrapers and culture abound. In order for the city to become the industrial hub, changes were made to the natural landscapes to accommodate business and residency. Steel became the staple good, and green spaces were demolished during the expansion of industry in the Calumet region by the masses in the creation of steel for railroad tracks and structural steel for commercial buildings. For geographical ambiance, The Calumet region of Chicago is consisted of the following neighborhoods: Burnside, Calumet Heights, East Side, Hegewisch, and Pullman, South Chicago, and South Deering. In this essay, I focus primarily on Pullman. It was unknown, or unsought of rather, how these implications would lead to issues of both economic and environmental injustice.
...ime period in American history. The country had bounced all the way to its feet and was going stronger than it had in two decades. Men were coming home from war, eager to start families and be good American consumers. One could go on with a peaceful conscience knowing that the automobile that he just purchased was bought in good faith: it would help support the economy, create jobs, and contribute to better opportunities for Americans. Or so one believed. Living in the suburbs suddenly became an attraction that appealed to returning veterans. Neighborhoods near schools and churches were ideal places to raise kids, and start a family. The middle-class family was evolving at a speedy pace that was taking families away from large cities at an even quicker pace. To own your own home, have your own car, and raise your family in the suburbs was the “all American” dream.
In the reading “Walking in the City”, Michel de Certeau discusses the use of tactics and strategies when creating a city environment. Certeau explains that strategies are for big corporations, architects, and the wealthy and the powerful. These are the people who have a say in building the city. Strategies require urban planning, these people have the power to make these choices. On the other hand, there are certain tactics that civilians living in the city create to ease the difficulties of daily living. The little people, the civilians, or those who have no say, control the tactics according to Certeau. Tactics are created to make the living standards equal in a sense. The strategies and tactics that are used to create a city, play significant role in how the city will function as a whole.
Industrialization contributed to growth in American cities across the nation. Advancements in manufacturing have meant people moving to cities in record numbers. This changed American life by widening the gap between rich and poor. “.. Atlanta was the poorest lighted city of her size in the country but this evening the bands of darkness will be broken, and a flood tide of beautiful white light will be emitted from the handsome brass lamps now being distributed over the city”(B). “Within the narrow limits of one-half square mile were crowded together thirty-five thousand people, living tier upon tier, huddled together until the very heavens seemed to be shut out (H).”
* Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998).
Location, location, location -- it’s the old realtor 's mantra for what the most important feature is when looking at a potential house. If the house is in a bad neighborhood, it may not be suitable for the buyers. In searching for a house, many people will look at how safe the surrounding area is. If it’s not safe, they will tend stray away. Jane Jacobs understood the importance of this and knew how cities could maintain this safety, but warned of what would become of them if they did not diverge from the current city styles. More modern planners, such as Joel Kotkin argue that Jacobs’s lesson is no longer applicable to modern cities because they have different functions than those of the past. This argument is valid in the sense that city
Finally, this paper will explore the “end product” that exists today through the works of the various authors outlined in this course and explain how Los Angeles has survived many decades of evolution, breaking new grounds and serving as the catalyst for an urban metropolis.
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
In Ernest W. Burgess’s “The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project,” (1925), the author delves deep into the processes that go into the construction of a modern city or urban environment. Burgess lists its following qualities: skyscrapers, the department store, the newspaper, shopping malls, etc. (p. 154). Burgess also includes social work as being part of a modern urban environment. This is supported by his construction model based on concentric circles that divided Chicago into five zones. The first was called a center loop meant for a business district. Secondly, there was an area for business and light manufacture. Third, there was a “zone for working men’s homes” (p. 156). The fourth is the residential area of high-class apartment buildings. The fifth is where suburban houses are located.
As previously implied, cities are currently the antithesis of even the barest sense of sustainability. To succinctly define the term “sustainability” would be to say that it represents living within one’s needs. When it comes to the city, with almost zero local sources of food or goods, one’s means is pushed and twisted to include resources originating far beyond the boundaries of the urban landscape. Those within cities paradoxically have both minimal and vast options when it comes to continuing their existence, yet this blurred reality is entirely reliant on the resources that a city can pull in with its constantly active economy.
The development of urban transportation has not changed with the cities; cities have changed with transportation. This chapter offers an insight into the Past and the future of Urban transportation and is split up into a number of different sections. It includes a timeline of the different forms of transport innovations, starting from the earliest stages of urban transport, dating back to the omnibus (the first type of urban transportation) and working in a chronological order until eventually reaching the automobile. However, these changes in Urban transport did not happen for no reason. Different factors within society meant urban transport needed to evolve; points will be made on why society needed this evolution. In contrast I will observe the problems urban transport has caused in society as a result of its rapid progression. Taking account of both arguments for the evolution of urban transport, I will look at where it will go in the future.
Urban arranging is a specialized and political procedure worried with the utilization of area, security and utilization of the earth, open welfare, and the outline of the urban environment, including air, water, and the base going into and out of urban zones, for example, transportation, interchanges, and conveyance systems. Urban Planning is additionally alluded to as urban and territorial, local, town, city, provincial arranging or some mix in different ranges around the world. Urban arranging takes numerous structures and it can impart points of view and practices to urban outline.