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Age and crime sociology
Age and crime sociology
Sociological explanations for gender differences in patterns of crime
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Violent crimes are crimes where the offender uses or threatens to use force on a victim, these crimes can include murder, sexual assault and robbery. It will be argued that the risk of being a victim of violent crime is not evenly distributed throughout society. Some of the causes to the uneven distribution are age, gender and location and these topics will be discussed in further detail with particular focus on robbery, sexual assault, physical assault and abduction throughout this essay.
One cause of uneven distribution of violent crime in society is the gender of victims. It can be shown through research and statistics that in different categories of violent crime, different people of people become more or less likely to become victim to violent crime depending on
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Throughout society people of different ages can have drastically different risks of becoming a victim of violent crime. Research from the AIC Australian Crime: Facts and Figures, 2012, support this idea by providing statistics stating that people between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be victim throughout society by almost double that of victims over and under this age frame. To further prove that the distribution of violent crime is not even, Crime Statistics Australia, 2016, presents research stating that when looking at particular areas of violent crime these statistics change quite drastically when regarding sexual assault. For young children and teens, the risk of being victim to sexual assault almost doubled the risk being victim to robbery or abduction and was also higher than the risk of people between the ages of 20-44. The mass changes in statistics when regarding the age of victims and the type of violent assault goes to show that the risk of being victim to violent crime is not even throughout society and these statistics will continue to change when looking at the location of
Classical and contemporary theory helps to explain gendered crime patterns. The feminist school of criminology argue criminology and criminal theory is very masculine, all studies into criminal behaviour, have been developed from male statistics and tested on males. Very little research is conducted into female criminality, this may be because women who commit crime are more likely to be seen as evil or mentally ill rather than criminal, this is because women are labe...
The rate of women’s conviction is on the rise (Van Wormer, Bartollas). The increase of incarceration is outdoing the conviction of the men (Van Wormer, Bartollas). Female defendants found guilty of felonies in State courts has more than doubled the proportion of male offenders since 1990 (Greenfeld, Snell). Male offenders are estimated to commit about one violent offense for every nine males; the estimation is six times that of women (Greenfeld, Snell). Women are held accountable for about 2.1 violent offenses (Greenfeld, Snell).
The criminal justice system is full of inequality and disparities among race, gender, and class. From policing neighborhoods, and the ongoing war on drugs, to sentencing, there are underlying biases and discriminatory practices in the criminal justice system that impacts minority communities and groups. Fueled by stereotypes and generalizations, it is important to identify and discuss what crimes take place and who actually makes it up.
Throughout history, certain crimes have been separated into different categories based on their prevalence. For every crime, the offense and charges are different. In addition, certain crimes tend to be committed more often by women than men, and vice versa. Crimes such as larceny, fraud, forgery, and prostitution (Chesney-Lind, 1986) tend to be committed more often by women; whereas, assault, murder, trafficking, etc tend to be committed by men.
Edgar Allan Poe has a style that is dark and morbid. His tone is very gloomy and obscure. The tone of “The Cask of Amontillado” is almost tame compared to the tone of “The Black Cat”, his other work we covered. The tone of that work is almost maddening. “The Cask of Amontillado” tone is very sinister and methodic. Whereas “The Black Cat”, has a pulse to a cadence and rhythm though no clear pattern is established. Poe’s style of writing seems so personal, as a reader I had to remind myself this was fiction. His first-person style of writing is so detailed and intricate it is very easy to become invested in the world he creates. “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Black Cat” both have themes of revenge where the supposed victim is untimely
Since 1970, there has been an increasing and alarming rise 138 percent of violent crimes committed by women. Still, while the equivalent percentage compared to male violence is small 15 percent to 85 percent the fact that the numbers have elevated so drastically points to something changing in society.
According to the conflict theory, crime is the result of inequality. The conflict theory pulls elements of Marxist, which argues that deviance is the response to inequalities of capitalist system not from factors biology, personality and labels. They believed that crime is the result of unequal power between the working class and the upper class, which hold the privileged position. It is also important to pay attention to race and gender in this perspective, where they are seen as an enduring struggles in society. Giddens, Duneier, Appelbaum and Carr states that “men are more likely than women, for example, to commit crimes; the young are more often than older people.”(173). In society, women are more likely to commit crime that are domestic and men are more to commit nondomestic crime. This result in men having higher rate of crime than women. Furthermore, there is also crime which is committed by the elite power rather than the poor. Crimes such as white collar crime and corporate
National data gives us an indication of the severity of this issue. When 1 in 5-woman report being victims of severe physical violence (NISVS, 2010), we must ask ourselves if enough is being done to prevent this from occurring. From a historical point, there has always almost been a distinction from men on woman violence. Based on the disparity of cases reported, male inflicted violence on females is much higher and prevalent. When the perpetrators of DV, and IPV are predominately males, we can no longer dismissed this issue as a cultural, or
The. “Gender and Homicide: A Comparison of Men and Women Who Kill.” Violence and Victims 5(4): 227-242. Keeney, Belea T. and Kathleen M. Heide. 1994. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the The “Gender Differences in Serial Murderers”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
...tal factors poor, urban, minority youths commit more crimes. Researchers also must be aware that crime is changing due to technology. There is now more instances of cyber theft, and computer crimes than in the past, therefore the dynamics of the people that are capable to commit certain sorts of crimes are changing.
(violent crimes include the following: murder, manslaughter, rape, and robbery). Since 1995 the overall crime rate for people under 17 has dropped by 39 percent. In ...
Crime and criminalization can be ambiguous; crime is only crime until certain authorities deem the actions illegal. However, social inequalities can lead to increased crime rates, notions such as gender, age, race, and class influence crime and provide criminologist with the date to determine who is most likely to commit a crime and where.
From 1991-2000, statistically there was a dramatic decline in crime nationally. The statistics studied were of all categories of crimes considered serious, including: homicides which decreased by 39%; rape which decreased by 41%; robbery which decreased by 44%; aggravated assault which decreased by 24%; burglary which decreased by 41%; auto theft which decreased by 37%; and larceny which decreased by 23%. The statistics show a range of decline of 23-44%! (United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation 1990, 2000. Uniform Crime Report. Washington, D.C.) The evidence indicates that the benefit of declining crime rates are concentrated on specific groups with...
There is more than one way to collect statistics on crime. Morgan and Clare (2012) highlight a range of other sources for collecting crime data, one of which includes crime victim surveys. A survey is given to a sample population asking questions in relation to their recent experiences with crime in the last year (Morgan & Clare, 2012, p. 33). As highlighted by both Warren and Clare (2012) and Bishop (2004), crime victim surveys allow the collection of information straight from the victims, generating some variance in information, than that collected by the police. They are also able to reach into the previously mentioned dark figure of crime, by being able to include crimes that may not have been reported to the police. Bishop (2004, p. 69) suggests that because of this “these surveys tend to point to greater rates of crime and victimisation than are indicated by police data.” For example, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016) state, “in the 12 months prior to interview in 2014-15, 97,800 persons in Victoria (2.1%) experienced physical assault. Of these, 51,300 (52%) reported the most recent incident to police.” Showing that 46,500 (48%) of people experienced physical assault and didn’t report it. So not all statistics are completely inaccurate and unrepresentative of
The world will always be full of crime, thus it is necessary for scientist to grow along with the gruesome and increasing amount of violations. Due to this it sparked scientist to develop crime theories in which emerged to explain why crime is caused by individuals. Some of the few theories that have advanced over the past century and provided many answers to why crimes are committed are biological theories, psychological theories and learning theories. These theories provide an insight to its first use and change in order to provide answers.