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Essays in different types of corruption
Essays in different types of corruption
Negative impacts of corruption
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Types of corruption
According to Transparency International organization, corruption can be classified as grand, petty and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs.
Grand corruption is the abuse of power by the high level of government or the central functioning of the state that distort policies which enable the leaders to gain benefits from the expense of the public good and cause serious and widespread harm to the public and the society as well.
Petty corruption refers to everyday abuse of entrusted power by low and mid-level public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens, who often are trying to access basic goods or services in places like hospitals, schools, police departments and
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(Judicial corruption fuels impunity, corrodes rule of law, says new Transparency International report, 2007)Judicial corruption refers to corruption regarding the misconduct of judges by passing an improper judgement or sentencing, bias in the hearing after receiving the bribes. As an illustration, the accused may bribe the judge and give him a large amount of money in order to get rid of the judicial punishment to spare his life. After the judge received the money from the accused, he may help to conceal the truth and acquit the accused even though there is a reasonable ground for believing that the accused is found guilty base on the enough evidence for a successful …show more content…
Corruption in business entails bribery, misappropriation of funds, and dishonesty in financial matters. The most common vice practised by an individual in the business organization is embezzlement. According to Investopedia, embezzlement is a form of white-collar crime where a person misappropriates the assets entrusted to him or her. In this type of fraud the assets are attained lawfully and the embezzler has the right to possess them but then the assets are used for unintended purposes. (Embezzlement, n.d.)They secretly take the money that is in their care but belongs to the business they work for. It is a breach of the fiduciary responsibilities placed upon a
“Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain.” This can lead to the downfall of societies because when citizens find out, they won’t have any respect for their government/leaders because of the bad things they do. Lack of respect can cause riots/outbreaks in cities.
When dealing with corruption, first question to ask or to clarify is what corruption is. NSW Research (2002) describes corruption anything from gaining materialistically by virtue of position (for eg. getting a special discount at stores) to engaging in ‘direct criminal activities’ (eg. selling drugs). Newburn (1999) believes that there is a thin line between the definition of ‘corrupt’ and ‘non-corrupt’ activities as at the end, it is an ethical problem. For common people, however, bribery generalises corruption.
Corruption is commonly defined as “being dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers)” according to Merriam-Webster.com. However, although defined, corruption cannot be measured. Without measurement of this ten letter word, it becomes troubling within jurisdiction’s law abiding citizens live in. As a result, hysteria, panic and doubts arise which are only a few out many reactions the public makes. With the press only stirring greater chaos, corruption is never completely solved, which is why it must be confronted and measured before it’s too late. If not it’ll only continue to linger throughout media headlines and forums, but also the society, it conclusively affected and left a mark on for example, Pageland, SC.
Corruption is an individual and institutional process where there is a gain by a public official from a briber and in return receives a service. Between the gain and the service, there is an improper connection, (Thompson p.28). The two major categories of bribery is individual and institutional corruption. Receiving personal goods for the pursuit of one’s own benefit is personal fraud. An example of individual distortion is the financial scandal involving David Durenberger. Organizational corruption involves “receiving goods that are useable primarily in the political process and are necessary for doing a job or are essential by-products of doing it,” (Thompson p.30). An instance of institutional fraud is the Keating Five case. There are also times where there is a mixture of both individual and organizational corruption in a scandal. An example of this diverse combination is James C. Wright Jr. actions while he was the Speaker of the House.
Corruption is defined as the dishonest conduct one performs for illegitimate private gain (Paskal). To determine where corruption
Corruption is something that is motivated by greed and fraud. It’s a very threatening personality that controls and destroys people’s lives and makes them the kind of person other people don’t want to associate with.
Politicians many times have been found guilty of corruption. They use unethical techniques to get higher positions in an election, to gain more money, votes or to lay hands on ungotten wealth. Corruption exists in the police force, in law and order and even in the management of the Olympic Games.
The problem of judicial corruption in United States is immense. The Sixth Amendment in the United States Bill of Rights refers to the right to a speedy, fair and public trial. Unfortunately, our judicial system does not always maintain these rights. The United States judicial system is very corrupt and most of our country’s citizens do not know how corrupt it actually is. When thinking about the judicial system, words that come to mind are justice, morality, and fairness. Sadly, these words are not accurate descriptions of this system. Correct depictions of today’s judicial system are corruption, rigged courts, extortion, and phony trials. Our legal system does not bring truth or justice to our courtrooms. Overcoming this corruption is not easy for the average citizen or anyone who is not in on the “game”.
Most people consider this crime to consist of CEO’s manipulating their way to making a large fortune. This of course, is true most of the time in high-profile cases. For example, in late 2001 Enron Corporation executives confessed to overstating the company’s earnings. This lead to artificially inflating what the company was worth and deceived the investors. It took some time to unravel all the fraud put behind this devious act but shows how sophisticated white-collar crime can be. Although it’s usually associated with upper management of corporations, people from all different levels and occupations can perform this crime ("How White-collar Crime Works").
Corruption can be defined as the abuse of authority for one’s own personal gain. Additionally, corruption or police misconduct can include any policy violation such as physical abuse of detainees, perjury, racial profiling and sexual misconduct. According to the rotten apple theory, corruption is the work of a few, dishonest, immoral police officers or it can be one officer that is corrupt with bad charteristics. However, in a survey conducted by Transparency International indicated that in the twenty three countries studied,
This includes but is not limited to; check forgery, inventory theft, cash or check theft, payroll fraud or service theft. Another example of misappropriation of assets is when a company pays for goods or services that were not received or used. Embezzlement is a very common form of misappropriation where companies manipulate their accounts or create false invoices. An example of misappropriation of assets was discovered in 2008 and the victim organization was Fry’s Electronics. The Vice President of Merchandising and Operations, Ausaf Umar Siddiqui had set up a fake company that received illegal kickbacks. Siddiqui embezzled $65.6 million to pay off his gambling debts. Embezzlement of money from a company can understate cash and show a false picture to the creditors and investors. This can lead them to make decisions on misrepresented information. Another example of misappropriation of assets was of a hedge-fund manager, Philip A. Falcone who borrowed $113.2 million from investors from a hedge fund company (Harbinger Capital) and he used that money fraudulently to pay off his personal taxes. Instead of using the investor’s money for the intended purpose, which was to build a wireless phone network, he deceived them by using the money without their knowledge to pay off his taxes. The company had to file for bankruptcy as it had $23 billion in losses and withdrawals and it could not pay back
Leaving out party affiliation and discouraging partisan campaigning will consequent a reduction in judicial corruption, partisan decision-making, and taking the sides of the wealthy that assure that the judges remain on the bench. A non-partisan election means that a candidate will not be listed with party affiliation. (1) This type of election allows for the top two candidates regardless of party affiliation to advance, instead of attempting to advance one candidate from each party. Candidates can declare what party they are affiliated with when they run, as a general right. Although, being a judge should be a non-partisan issue.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
Montesh, M. (n.d.). Conceptualizing Corruption: Forms, Causes, Types and Consequences. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from
This essay will attempt to explore the relationship between the two from the definitions, causes, consequences and the solutions. Corruption can be defined as the abuse of public power for private gain. (World Bank, 2004) Corruption is attracting a lot of attention around the world, and is a growing international and regional concern. According to Corruption Around the world (Tanzi, 1998), in its end-of-year editorial on December 31, 1995, The Financial Times characterized 1995 as the year of corruption.