The case study chosen for this assignment is case study #2: Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls’ volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah. While discussing how the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus will affect Hannah, information about the disease, symptoms and signs, how the body is affected by the disease, pathogenesis, as well as the economic impact it carries will be included. Diabetes Mellitus is defined as “a disease in which too little or no insulin is produced or insulin is produced but cannot be used normally resulting in high levels of sugar in the blood” (merriam-webster.com, 2016). Insulin is a hormone which regulates glucose, or blood sugar, ensuring that it is used as energy by the body’s cells. If the insulin levels are irregular, the glucose remains in the blood …show more content…
stream indefinitely causing serious health problems. There are different types of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is also known as insulin dependent diabetes, or juvenile diabetes and usually occurs in children or young adults, but can occur at any age. Type 2 is referred to as adult onset diabetes. It can occur at any age, but usually in older adults. Gestational Diabetes occurs in pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy and usually goes away after birth (mayoclinic.org, 2016). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus occurs when the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Signs and symptoms of this disease can occur rapidly and may include fatigue and weakness, unexpected weight-loss, frequent urination, extreme thirst, extreme hunger, blurred vision, mood changes, and bed wetting in children who didn’t previously wet the bed (Mayoclinic.org, 2016). If any of these signs or symptoms are present in a child it is best to see a physician for a blood test. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not curable, but can be managed with proper treatment. Treatment includes insulin injections, diet change/plan and regularly checking blood sugar levels. There are certain factors that could potentially contribute to a person being more susceptible to Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Medscape has an article that discusses the pathophysiology of Type 1, it discusses the factors that have shown evidence to this susceptibility (2016). Autoimmunity is a major factor of Type 1. If a person is a carrier for certain genes, the body produces anti-insulin antibodies. “ The most commonly found islet cell antibodies are those directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), an enzyme found within pancreatic beta cells” (emedicine.medscape.com, 2016). This means that there are cells found in the pancreas that can cause insulin production to slow or to not be produced at all. The article also discusses that the presence of Type 1 is increased in patients that have other autoimmune diseases and vitamin D deficiencies as well (emedicine.medscape.com, 2016). Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 has had great impact on the economy over the last several years. According to The American Diabetes Association, research shows a 41% increase in economic cost between the years of 2007 and 2012, jumping from a staggering $174 billion to $245 billion (2016). In 2012 it was estimated that $176 billion went to direct medical costs for patients diagnosed with Diabetes, and $69 billion in reduced productivity (American Diabetes Association, 2016). For Hannah, living with Type 1 can be quite a change at first.
She will have to have full support from her family and friends to stay on track with her treatment, as well as taking care of herself. She will be undergoing regular insulin injections, either by shot or by pump. Hannah will also have to monitor her blood sugar levels before and after meals. If her physician allows, she will be able to resume her sports ambitions. Although, she will need to monitor her blood sugar levels closely while exerting herself because the blood sugar levels can drop dramatically during these times. If Hannah and her doctor decide to use an insulin pump for treatment, it can be set to avoid lowering blood sugar during and after exercise (mayoclinic.org, 2016). Diet changes are recommended if the patient is not eating healthy previous to diagnosis. Overall, after becoming adjusted to the new additions to her life, Hannah should be able to resume normal
activity.
With Hannah being a 10 year old girl in school and active in sports, it is very important that she manages her diabetes. It is very important for a person to get plenty of exercise especially one living with diabetes. Hannah can still play volleyball and enjoy her everyday activities, she just has to pay more attention to her body. When exercising or playing volleyball she needs to check her sugar often to make sure it does not drop or get too high. She also needs to be sure that she is taking care of her feet and making sure there is no damage done to them while playing. Type 1 diabetes mellitus shouldn’t
Case study: Carol is 17 years old and was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 7 years. Carol has had a recent hospital admission for dehydration and high blood glucose. During the admission Carol was found to be 6 weeks pregnant. Prior to the admission she had been experiencing weight loss and changes in mood.
According WebMD 2014. Diabetes mellitus (or diabetes) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects your body's ability to use the energy found in food. There are three major types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. It is a hormonal disorder of the pancreas either decrease in insulin level also known as hypoinsulinism or increase in insulin level also known as hyperinsulinism. Lowered amounts, insufficient of, or ineffective use of insulin leads to the disorder of diabetes mellitus. It is common chronic disease requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes. According to Peakman (2012). The development of type 1 diabetes mellitus is a genetic and an autoimmune process that results in destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. There is usually a pre-diabetic phase where autoimmunity has already developed but with no clinically apparent insulin dependency. Insulin autoantibodies can be detected in genetically predisposed individuals as early as 6-12 months of age. In persons genetically susceptible to type 1 diabetes, a triggering event, possibly a viral infection the leads to production of autoantibodies that kill the beta cells and results in decline and a lack of insulin secretion. According to Wherrett. It is caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance and has a gradual onset. Those with type 2 diabetes may eventually need insulin treatment. Gestational diabetes mellitus is glucose intolerance during pregnancy in a woman not previously diagnosed with diabetes, this may occur if placental hormones counteract insulin, causing insulin intolerance. Complications in diabetes mellitus includes: Hypoglycemia it is ca...
The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in is related to the insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted by cells in the pancreas and is responsible for regulating the level of glucose in the bloodstream. It also aids the body in breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. When someone suffers from diabetes, however, the body does not break down the glucose in the blood as a result of abnormal insulin metabolism. When there are elevated levels of glucose in the blood, it is known as hyperglycemia. If the levels continue to remain high over an extended period of time, damage can be done to the kidneys, cardiovascular systems; you can get eye disorders, or even cause nerve damage. When the glucose levels are low in one’s body, it is called hypoglycemia. A person begins to feel very jittery, and possibly dizzy. If that occurs over a period of time, the person can possibly faint. Diabetes mellitus occurs in three different forms - type 1, type 2, and gestational.
Thesis: Diabetes type 1 is different from type 2 and if given the wrong treatment it could lead to devastating consequences.
Diabetes is a chronic disorder of metabolism characterized by a partial or complete deficiency of the hormone insulin. With this, there are metabolic adjustments that occur everywhere in the body. Specific to this child is Type One Diabetes. This is characterized by demolition of the pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. Because of this, it leads to complete insulin deficiency. Within Type One diabetes, there are two different forms. First there is immune-mediated deficiency, which typically results from an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. The second type is called idiopathic type one, in which the cause is unknown. (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015)
As fitness professionals working with individuals with diabetes there are numerous considerations we must contemplate. For one thing we need to realize we are part of a team approach for these individuals. We need to be very cognizant that we operate within our own scope of practice, as diabetes is a disease that requires specialized approaches from physicians, dietetic experts and fitness professional for each individual’s situation. In addition to this we need to make sure before accepting the responsibility of training a diabetic client, that we have the proper diabetes education and proper certifications. The diagnosis of Diabetes is one that can shake the client to their core and stir every feeling and emotion the person could possibly experience and possibly completely overwhelm the individual. It’s vitally important that they learn to re-establish a sense of control and literally learn new survival skills. (Zrebiec) No matter if it is a parent of a child who has been recently been diagnosed or an adult who just heard the news regarding their own health, the initial situation is the same. To these people it’s going to be like taking a post-graduate course in diabetes management (Zrebiec) and exercise is going to become big part of it. However, this need for an appropriate exercise plan will bring about its own set of challenges due to the complicated nature of the disease. As individuals with diabetes they face some of the same challenges other parties face when exercise is something they know they need to do. They too face challenges of lack of time, lack of energy or will power, they may feel they lack the skills or even the resources. However, when it comes to a teen becoming more involved in exercise there may be two o...
Diabetes is a disease in which a person’s body in unable to make or utilize insulin properly which affects blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas, which helps to regulate glucose (sugar) levels, break down carbohydrates and fats, and is essential to produce the body’s energy. The CDC (2013) offers reliable insight, summarized here, into the different types of diabetes, some causes, and health complications that may arise from the disease.
Today I am going to be choosing diabetes for my medical topic. There are several types of diabetes. There is type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestastional diabetes. Our body naturally produce insulin and but sometimes there are cases where are body doesn’t produce enough insulin or does not properly respond to the insulin produced which results in high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels is not healthy for our bodies because it can lead to us going into a coma. If this is left untreated it can cause very serious health problems including death.
Thesis statement: Today I will be informing you about the history, causes and effects behind diabetes.
Therefore, learning about the concept of diabetes in general is very important to prevent further complications of other critical diseases. It is best to understand and to stress out the importance of good nutrition, exercise, diet, healthy active lifestyle to the improvement for someone’s well being.
There are many symptoms of type one diabetes. They include drinking irritability, excessive urination, extreme weight loss, feeling very hungry or tired, sores that don’t heal and blurry eyesight. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown, although genetic tendency and childhood infections are two possibilities. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that normally produce insulin are destroyed. This may be a result of the body’s own immune system believing the pancreas is a foreign organ. Also, type one diabetes often appears at times of physical stress and during illness when the body produces extra ...
My interest in this topic is a result of recent experiences with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (DMI), especially with the following two instances: a young adult patient admitted at the hospital following a DKA episode during one of my nursing rotations and one of my instructors with type 1 diabetes. Also, my father was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, this has increased my eagerness to study and explore more about the disease.
Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable but treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children due to the high levels of glucose in the blood (Eckman 2011). Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearly (Couch 2008). Type 1 Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone, which helps glucose gets into your cells to provide energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth (American Diabetes Association). Previous research has suggested proper insulin management, a balanced diet and exercise will help maintain glycemic control and lessen the chance of complications (Couch 2008).
Point blank, diabetes is a serious disease and causes major effects on people’s daily lives. In a society where food comes in such abundance, people are overeating. Compared to the beginning of the twenty first century when only about five percent of the population had diabetes (Nazarko, 2009), today that number is rising and continuing to do so. This is starting to affect the health of children by being diagnosed with diabetes at a young age. When a child has diabetes it becomes very serious since children are at such a young age to deal...