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Excavation of tutankhamun
The content of Tutankhamun tomb
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The burial chamber was the most significant room in Tutankhamun’s tomb. The tomb is a rock cut tomb excavated into the limestone cliffs of the Valley of the Kings. The burial chamber is notable for one primary reason. The burial chamber is prominent largely due to the exquisite paintings on the north, south, east and west walls of the chamber. Source A, along with other sources gives us an insight into tombs from the 18th Dynasty.
One feature of the burial chamber in Tutankhamun’s tomb is the relief found on the north wall as seen in source A. Source A is a photograph of the northern wall of the burial chamber in Tutankhamun’s tomb. The source provided a clear depiction of what the relief on the northern wall depicted. As seen in source A, the north wall consists of three separate scenes and rituals. These rituals include, the Opening the Mouth ritual, the reincarnation ritual and the final ritual in which Tutankhamun embraces Osiers. The three scenes in the painting are Tutankhamun as the embodiment of Horus, as Osiris and as his Ka. Source A is a very useful source when understandi...
...rown, and in particularly gold. The gold color was used thoroughly, but due to ageing, it seemed to have changed shades and turned into brownish color (Freeman 321-2). An example of that could be illustrated by the face, which has a golden touch to it but is seen to be roughly all turning brown. These decorative features were also seen on other mummy coffins, such as on the coffin of Tutankhamun, found on the Valley of the Kings in Dynasty 18 (Stockstad 120-2). Tutankhamun’s case also demonstrated similar golden tones being used, which as a result of aging varnished and fainted in some areas to a darker golden- brownish and yellowish shade (Stockstad 123,125).
Egyptian culture didn’t truly begin until the third dynasty, which is grouped into a period called the Old Kingdom. Since then, it developed into a thriving culture that changed little, even with new leaders. This conveys a sense of order and cohesion that flows throughout the time of the Egyptians. I was fascinated by the continuity. Unlike the artists of today, Egyptian artists did not rebel against the conventions of their day. If the surviving art is any indication, they were content to follow the artistic practices of their time. During the New Kingdom, a painting called "Funeral Procession, Tomb of Pairy" was created. It is a depiction of a portion of the process of laying Pairy to rest. Harold Hays wrote an article called “Funerary
Located about 40 miles outside of Xian, a city situated in the northeastern section of China, the Tomb of the First Emperor is one of the famous sites of the modern era and has captivated the attention of archaeologists over the past four decades. The site itself is relatively large, with the outer gate being slightly less hen 7,000 yards around and the inner, underground palace containing “a gigantic pit measuring about 300 square yards was excavated in terraces to a depth of more than 100 feet. Archaeologists estimate the size of the subterranean palace built at the bottom of the pit to be about 400 feet by 525 feet, equal to 48 basketball courts” (Hoh, Erling). Yet despite its massive size and the over 40-meter mound that covers the submerged palace itself, the tomb remained relatively unknown until 1974, when a group of farmers discovered some of the first of the famous terracotta warriors that are spread throughout the site. These clay figurines exist in the thousands, and the three major test pits that archaeologists have started to uncover there are over “7,000 terracotta warriors with horses and chariots, all designed to protect the First Emperor in the afterlife” (Liu, Yang). The second most common group of artifacts came from the massive amount of conscripts, estimated at approximately 700,000 in number, who worked for over 35 years to build the tomb. Those that survived the grueling process were rewarded for their hard work and effort by being killed, mainly in order to keep the tombs many traps and treasure troves hidden. So, as you can guess, the murdering of that many people required a fairly large amount of graves to be buried in, and so archaeologists began to analyze the archaeological remains that were present th...
The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, observed at the National Museum of Natural History, was very eye drawing, its drawings on the outside and inside captive that mummies journey to rebirth. The readings of the artwork state that the mummy of Tehtkhonsu has never been completely identify. The coffin also dates back to 3,000 years.
King Tut was a fascinating pharaoh at most. There isn’t much on who king Tut was or when he was born or how he died. But some people have dedicated there lives to find out who he was. He was born during the Golden Age. He became king a surprisingly young age. He achieved many things and had an important job. His death was and still is a mystery to most. It was said he wasn’t in his original tomb. But he was eventually found. King Tut became a Pharaoh at a really young age and he had many achievements but died at a relatively young age. (Hawass 29-56)
After he died, King Tut was mummified according to Egyptian religious tradition. The royal bodies have to be preserved and provisioned for the afterlife. So they put them into tombs.He had his own tomb because in their afterlife after they are mummified according to Egyptian religious beliefs and traditions.
The final resting place for such individual would be adorned with lavish paintings and sculpture dedicated to them. All parts of the piece appear consistent to the works of the time, especially the way that Ti is posed in the typical Egyptian fashion of showing frontal and profile view. Practices such as hunting, farming, and dining were considered good nourishment for one’s ka, so one may have a healthy afterlife and make it through the process of judgement of their ka without fail. Perhaps depicting such work on Ti’s mastaba was to show proof of his work towards achieving a wholesome life force, and that he had lived a productive, well-respected life. Knowing how important ka is to the Egyptian people, it would be understandable that they would want to represent it in a positive light, doing so on their tomb to ward away
The site of Emperor Haung’s tomb is located in Lintong, Shaanxi province, near the city of Xi’an in China (Kesner 1995). After its completion in 210 BCE, it was covered by earth mined from an area near the Wei River, sealing it away from the outside world for over two thousand years (Swart 1984). While ancient historians wrote of the unbelievable tomb, hidden under a massive pile of earth, many modern historians simply did not believe it to be true. However, between 1932 and 1970, five figures of kneeling servants were found near where the tomb mound was thought to be (Swart 1984). The mausoleum itself was eventually unearthed in 1974 by farmers who were digging wells and accidentally broke into a vast pit containing life-sized statues of about 6,000 soldiers and horses. A group of Chinese archaeologists were assigned to excavate the site and dig up its ancient treasures. In 1976, two more underground pits were found with about 1,500 more soldiers and horses (Swart 1984). Other than the clay soldiers and horses, brass figures were discovered...
Teotihuacan is an ancient Mayan city that can be found about 25 miles away from modern Mexico City. This large ancient city has several pyramids and the third largest pyramid is The Temple of the Feathered Serpent. The pyramid is hardly the most famous one associated with this archaeological site but it did gain popularity during the 1980s because of a series of discoveries of curious tombs located below the structure. There are over two hundred sacrificial burials that archaeologists believe were buried as a part of a dedication of the temple. The way that the bodies were laid out doesn’t have a specific meaning yet because the bodies seem to be grouped together in certain locations. The bodies are both from men and women, with the men having weapons and jewellery buried with them which probably indicated that they were warriors. Archaeologists believe that the temple may have been the resting place of a great leader as well thanks to a large deposit of liquid mercury that was
Being a Guard for the Tomb Of The Unknowns is a very high honor. The 3rd Infantry (The Old Guard) is the oldest active infantry unit in the Army. Created in 1784 as a result of the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution, The Old Guard served for its first 30 years as the First American Regiment, the Regiment of Infantry, the infantry of the 1st Sub-Legion and the 1st Infantry, becoming the 3rd Infantry in 1815 after the War of 1812. To guard the Tomb Of The Unknowns each soldier must be in superb physical condition, possess an unblemished military record and be between 5 feet, 10 inches and 6 feet, 4 inches tall, with a proportionate weight and build. An interview and a two-week trial to determine a volunteer's capability
It is clear that tombs and burial rituals were a key element in the Egyptian society and their way of life as it ties into almost all things they did on a daily basis. Whatever a person’s status was when they were alive followed them into the afterlife. Food and luxury goods were buried with a person so that they could have it in the afterlife. The tombs became a person’s new house after they died. Therefore, making it as nice as possible was really important. Art work and clay models were added to a person’s tomb as material goods needed for the afterlife. They were also seen as decorations that kept the tombs looking nice. Throughout the years, Egyptian artworks on the inner parts of the tombs and on the coffins show a development in the Egyptian customs. Each new development was created to better preserve the bodies and comfort of the dead.
The funerary rituals introduced by the Egyptians were the most intricate, spiritual rites in their times and, perhaps, even to this day. Their elaborate customs, tombs, and gifts to the dead were representative of their pious, devoted nature. Albeit not all were as imposing as the oldest and still remaining Seven Wonder of the World, the Pyramids of Giza, all were meaningful and sacred. The Egyptians, highly reverent of their dead, adopted ornate, religious burial practices to fit to every member of their society.
Egyptians first attempt of artificial mummification was during the Archaic Period (3050-2663 BC). Early mummification techniques began in the Old Kingdom (2663- 2195). By the Middle Kingdom embalmers started placing masks over corpses, the most famous was the mask of King Tutankhamun. Not only did King Tutankhamun have the most famous mask, but also he had the most famous tomb. His coffin was found in 1923 in Thebes, Egypt. Inside the tomb laid many statues, weapons and jewelry. At first people had this belief that only Pharaohs could attain immortality, but later on, anyone was able to. Egyptians saw Pharaohs as gods, so when they passed away, they assumed the Pharaoh would become a God in his or her afterlife. Eventually, during the period of the New Kingdom (2628-1638 BC), Pharaohs were buried in tombs in the Valley of the Kings at Thebes, Egypt. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms Pharaohs were buried in pyramids. As of now, there are about fifty royal pyramids that have survived from thieves. In these royal pyramids, the tomb walls were completely filled with paintings that illustrated scenes of the deceased personal life. Pyramids of ancient Egypt are the most famous tombs up to this day. The most famous are three pyramids built for the Pharaohs; Khufu, Khafre, and Mehkuare. The best one is the Great Pyramid of Giza built for Khufu which is also one of the seven
The most common ancient Egyptian burial practice is the mummification process as depicted in source B. Mummification is a ritual that embalmers performed when a pharaoh died. Source B is a photograph of the canoptic jars which are a main component of the mummification process. The first step in the mummification process is the removal and preservation of most of the internal organs, such as the lungs, the stomach, the liver and intestines. These organs are then separately embalmed and placed into canoptic jars as source B reveals. These jars were often decorated with one of the four animal-headed sons of the god Horus. Each head is believed to be the protector of each organ within the jar and is dedicated to a specific deity. The preservation of the organs is significant as they allowed the dead person to breathe and eat in the afterlife. The internal organs were then wrapped and put into either the body or put in boxes instead of sitting in jars. Canoptic jars were still placed in the tomb but they were solid or empty and provided a symbolic purpose. In Tutankhamun’s tomb the canoptic jars were discovered in a shrine that was found in the treasury room of the tomb. Source B is useful is when understanding the mummification process.
1980, South Jerusalem, a build site for new apartments are held when a tomb of some sort is found while digging. Upon the arrival of the first archaeologists Josef Gat, Amos Kloner and Shimon Gibson one thing was noted right away, the strange symbol over the door to the Tomb. Nothing like it had ever been seen before, a decorative V- or Y-shaped chevron over a prominent circle. It measured more than a meter wide. All three archaeologists knew that the splendor of the fascia, especially in a tomb with no other decorative features, was extremely rare. Hundreds of tombs have been uncovered since the 1970s, and of all the thousands of ossuaries pulled from those tombs, only about 20% bear inscriptions. In the case of the Talpiot tomb, 6 of the 10 bared inscriptions. Every inscription has been corroborated by the world's leading scholars in the field, including professors Amos Kloner, Tal Ilan, Frank Moore Cross and the legendary L.Y. Rahmani. Every inscription bears a relationship to the Gospels. While the names themselves range from the most common to the fairly rare, it is the cluster of names that is unique.