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Ethical dilemmas in research essays
Ethical dilemmas in research essays
Ethics in the medical field
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The Tuskegee was a study of untreated syphilis conducted on African American men that lasted from 1932 to 1972. The Tuskegee study is one of the most influential, if not the most influential study of the 20th century. Unfortunately with what has happened to the individuals that were tricked into participating, it now gives us an example to look back on and to show that this can never happen again and that ethical standards must remain in place. The Tuskegee doctors that participated in the study violated several ethical codes, firstly being, misinforming all of the participants, and not even allowing them to know all of their options and giving them the opportunity to choose whether or not they wanted to participate once they knew all of the
risks and all of what the study entailed. Secondly, doctors withheld treatment from the patients even after penicillin was created and after they already knew that it could possibly be the treatment/cure that they needed. Lastly, plain deception, doctor’s tricked the patients into thinking that this was the medical treatment that they longed for and never had the opportunity to get. This was such a shameful experiment and my heart is just so sad for all the pain and suffering that all of the participants had to endure because of their misconception. Thankfully now with The Belmont Code, The Nuremburg Code, and all of the ethical codes that are in place we can ensure that anything like this ethically unjust study will never happen again.
Bad blood is a book that was written James H. Jones who is an associate professor of History. The book narrates on how the government through the department of Public Health service (PHS) authorized and financed a program that did not protect human values and rights. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment which was conducted between 1932 and 1972 where four hundred illiterate and semi-illiterate black sharecroppers in Alabama recently diagnosed with syphilis were sampled for an experiment that was funded by the U.S Health Service to prove that the effect of untreated syphilis are different in blacks as opposed to whites. The blacks in Macon County, Alabama were turned into laboratory animals without their knowledge and the purpose of the experiment
The book, Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, by James H. Jones, was one of the most influential books in today’s society. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment study began in 1932 and was terminated in 1972. This book reflects the history of African Americans in the mistrust of the health care system. According to Colin A. Palmer, “James H. Jones disturbing, but enlightening Bad Blood details an appalling instance of scientific deception. This dispassionate book discusses the Tuskegee experiment, when a group of physicians used poor black men as the subjects in a study of the effects of untreated syphilis on the human body”(1982, p. 229). In addition, the author mentioned several indications of discrimination, prejudice,
What are some the steps you should take when facing a problem that has no right answer?
Based on the video Deadly Deception the following essay will analyze and summarize the information presented from the Tuskegee Syphilis experiment. The legal medical experimentation of human participant must follow the regulation of informed consent, debrief, protection of participants, deception or withdrawal from the investigation, and confidentiality; whether, this conducted experiment was legitimate, for decades, is under question.
Healthcare providers have an ethical obligation to tell their patients the truth about their conditions as well as all possible treatment options. In the Tuskegee Study, this obligation was blatantly disregarded. The characters Dr. Sam Brodus, Dr. Douglas, and Eunice Evers, RN are prime examples of this disregard for transparency between the provider and the patient.
In 1932, in the area surrounding Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Rosenwald Foundation began a survey and small treatment program for African-Americans with syphilis. Within a few months, the deepening depression, the lack of funds from the foundation, and the large number of untreated cases provided the government’s researchers with what seemed to be an unprecedented opportunity to study a seemingly almost “natural” experimentation of latent syphilis in African-American men. What had begun as a “treatment” program thus was converted by the PHS researchers, under the imprimatur of the Surgeon General and with knowledge and consent of the President of Tuskegee Institute, the medical director of the Institute’s John A. Andrew Hospital, and the Macon County public health officials, into a perspective study-The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male (Jones1-15). Moreover, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which began in 1932 and was terminated in 1972 by the protest of an enraged public, constituted the longest nontherapeutic experiment on human beings in medical history. Since the premise on which the experiment was based did not involve finding a cure or providing treatment, the question then remains why did the study begin and why was it continued for four decades?
Ethical violations committed on underprivileged populations first surfaced close to 50 years ago with the discovery of the Tuskegee project. The location, a small rural town in Arkansas, and the population, consisting of black males with syphilis, would become a startling example of research gone wrong. The participants of the study were denied the available treatment in order further the goal of the research, a clear violation of the Belmont Report principle of beneficence. This same problem faces researchers today who looking for an intervention in the vertical transmission of HIV in Africa, as there is an effective protocol in industrialized nations, yet they chose to use a placebo-contro...
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
The Tuskegee Experiment is one of the unethical Health Researches done in the United States. The way the research was conducted was against people 's civil rights. Totally secretive and without any objectives, procedures or guidance from any government agency. During the time that the project was launched there were very few laws that protected the public from medical malpractice or from plainly negligence. Also the Civil Rights act did not pass until the 1960 's.
The most important book that was written is Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment by James H. Jones because it not only chronicles the disparities of experiment but it highlights the relationship between syphilis, the modern AIDS virus, and the African American community. Jones accounts for one of the worst experiments conducted by the United States Government. After treatment with penicillin became available, it still was withheld from the patients. Some would fault the patients for not getting the treatment, but most of the participants were illiterate. Tuskegee’s Truth edited by Susan M. Reverby has different articles and interviews from patients. Senator Kennedy also interviewed survivors from the experiment. In 1973 the government settled out of court, compensating survivors, heirs to survivors, and provided treatment for the victims. By this time most of their lives were already spent, and valuable time wasted. They were just told they had “bad
Ethics is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts such as good and bad, right and wrong, justice, and virtue. The NASW Code of Ethics is intended to serve as a guide to the everyday professional conduct of social workers. This Code includes four sections. The first Section, "Preamble," summarizes the social work profession 's mission and core values. The second section, "Purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics," provides an overview of the Code’s main functions and a brief guide for dealing with ethical issues or dilemmas in social work practice. The third section, "Ethical Principles," presents broad ethical principles, based on social work 's core values, which inform social work practice.
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which aimed to figure out at long-term effects of untreated syphilis by studying 400 African American men who had the disease, began in 1932 . The study took place over several decades without any intervention despite the rise in Penicillin as a treatment in the 1950s . If administered, the medication could have saved the subjects from a great deal of pain and suffering. None of this information came to light until the 1970s when the study was published and despite the obvious ethical oversights, even when an investigation was opened, important questions of the researchers were never asked and documents that would have exposed the problems with the study were never pursued . The case is particularly egregious when analyzed through the lens of Emmanuel Kant’s ethics philosophy. Due to Kant’s focus on the concept of the Categorical Imperative, which postulates that for an action to be considered moral it must be universally moral, Kant would consider the Tuskegee case to be unethical because of the blatant dishonesty, lack of informed consent, and withholding of
Mananda R-G. Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment and Ethical Issues Present < http://voices.yahoo.com/tuskegee-syphilis-experiment-ethical-issues-present-7576098.html?cat=5> Saundra Hybles and Richard L. Weaver II, “Communication Effectively,” 2012.
The Tuskegee Study, as exampled in the film “Miss Evers’ Boys,” was a horrendous example of the result of racism, a vulnerable population, and the manipulation of people not given the proper dignity they deserved, to benefit the majority class (Woodard). According to the film, in this study a whole community of African Americans went decades with identified cases of syphilis, being given placebo interventions and unjustifiably told that a later recognized intervention of penicillin shots were too risky for their use. Why would they do this? To gain knowledge; and they viewed the study as a “pure” scientific experiment, a human trial that would likely never be acceptable to have been conducted on Whites of the time, and under the full knowledge and aid of the U.S. government (Woodard, “Miss Evers’ Boys”).
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice.