John Constable Research Paper

The industrial revolution in 19th century England saw one of the biggest changes in terms of social, cultural and philosophical values and in turn saw big reaction in the arts. The period brought with it advancements in materials, progression in scientific theory and change in social structure. Art and Architecture broke away from political and religious powers whom previously dictated the artistic genre, allowing artists greater freedom to express themselves. Along with this prosperity and excitement of the new industrial world came an uncertainty about changing times. Reaction to the rationalism of the Neo-classicism and the idealisation of the industrial age artists sought to place emphasis on drama over harmony and emotions over rational

Constable’s Britain is the one of picturesque landscapes, where man controls and places himself within nature, the climatic seasons, light and beautiful colour creating a harmonious relationship, but his Britain is also the poorer and forgotten rural Britain, the one of the past which supported them, the backbone of the nation before the industrial revolution. This is a theme he plays out in all his works placing figures in the landscape bringing to attention what Brits of the time may of

Gage argues for the picturesque having a large influence on landscape painting and painters of the time. Not only Turner’s work is analysed but also his travels routes and possible thoughts are taken into consideration.

Gage, J, Turner: Rain, Steam and Speed, The Viking Press, New York, 1972. This monograph of Rain, Steam and Speed by John Gage provides a critical analysis of turner’s work. Gage argues for Turner making paintings with influence from the earlier Dutch master, particularly Rembrandt in regards to technique. This monograph was essential in forming a knowledge base for Turner and his art, particularly good for an in-depth look at influences which Turner may of looked back at.

Gage, J, Color in Turner Poetry and Truth, Frederick A. Praeger, New York, 1969. Gage highlights colour theory within Turner’s life, what it meant to his work showing how meticulous he was about his pigments and tones. It describes the time as being one of new technology in regards to paints which Turner was experimenting with. This book was useful in understanding Turner’s use of colour although not any direct mention of Rain, Steam and Speed in terms of colours