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Achilles' character in the iliad
Achilles character in the iliad
Achilles' character in the iliad
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Achilles
During the Trojan war, was the Greek hero Achilles more selfish, or more self-preserving? There is much evidence supporting both claims, but only one is more prevalent.
There is three examples of how Achilles was more selfish then self-preserving, these are, when Achilles quit the Trojan War because of Agamemnon selfishness, when Achilles was not willing to be persuaded by Odysseus, how he came only to win honor and glory, and how he went into battle to slay hector.
The Iliad is first presented as Achilles and Agamemnon arguing, for Agamemnon was being selfish himself, relentlessly denying Achilles his spoils for what he earns. This in turn made Achilles very mad, and in an act of selfishness, asked his mother to convince Zeus to
impair the Greek army. This showed how selfish and angry Achilles can be, for he then quits the war, although not leaving, proving that he was not completely self preserving. The reason why this act is selfish, is because he was not acting in the interest of the army, in turn proving that he only fought for himself. This is the first reason why Achilles was selfish more than self preserving. Another act of selfishness is,when Agamemnon wanted Achilles back when they were in a precarious situation, sending several messengers along the way. Three of which were close friends, Odysseus, Phoenix, and Asia, who all made argument to convince Achilles come back to the Greek army in order to defeat the Trojans. But even with all the prices offered and promises made, Achilles acted selfishly and did not come back to the fight. Agamemnon was willing to reconcile, but Achilles was still mad and selfish, rejecting and proving another instance of how Achilles was selfish. The last of the tree examples of how Achilles was selfish is how he was only motivated by the prospect of honor and glory. Once such mention is when his mother, Thetis, tells him that if he joins the war, he will die but will be remembered forever. The other option is that he would of stayed home, or quit the war permanently, he would live long but he would be forgotten. If he chose to go the second route, he would have been more self preserving, but he ultimately chose the first option and was shown to be more selfish. In the end he was more selfish, craving the glory and honor that the battle would grant him, once again showing how he was much more selfish than self preserving. Once his cousins Patroclus dies by Hector's hand, Achilles ultimately decides to be selfish and take revenge. Achilles is selfish as shown, because of how he only wanted to avenge Patroclus selfishly and out of anger. If he was more focused on selfish preservation, he would of just went home as he had planed. Proving how he was selfish and that he was more interested in his personal gains then his life. In conclusion, Achilles is shown through all of these examples to ultimately be much more selfish then self preserving. Such examples as, leaving the army, staying out of the fighting, carving honor and glory, and focusing on taking revenge. In conclusion, from the featured evidence, the conclusion is that Achilles was selfish in his motives.
Achilles’ true nature is that of a warrior. The son of Peleus must fight. When he denounces Agamemnon and the Achaeans, he does not go home. His ship is last in line, near Troy. Subconsciously, he has already made the choice of accepting a short life filled with glory. Subconsciously, he wants to go back to war. He needs to. However, he also needs to insure his possession of glory and honor. But what kind of glory, what kind of honor? He already possesses the honor of the gods. He says, “my honor lies in the great decree of Zeus…” (IX.741.p.272). By book IX, material wealth is no longer what Achilles wants. He spurns Agamemnon’s offers. The typical mortal concepts of heroism no longer concern him; his ideals differ from those of his peers. Phoenix’s Meleager is no example to him. However, at this point Achilles still does not know what he wants. Pride and stubbornness still supplement his rage, but now his anger appears to be a manifestation of his fear and confusion—“Stop confusing my fixed resolve with this…” (IX.745-746.p.272). Achilles knows that he wants honor and glory, but in what form?
The Odyssey, written by Homer, details the dismal voyage home of a Greek Hero, Odysseus; returning from the Trojan War. Plagued by bad luck; the gods hindered Odysseus’ return to Ithaca and in return, he was away from his homeland for twenty years. Odysseus was considered a Modern Greek hero. He was thoughtful, resourceful and respectful of the gods. If we compare Odysseus to Achilles, another Greek hero, most of their traits are similar, they shared in their sense of duty, courage and bravery. However, Achilles was more impulsive than Odysseus and did not contemplate the consequences of his actions. He was solely motivated by his need for vengeance. Even though Achilles had extraordinary strength and a close relationship with the gods, he still seemed less than heroic. He possessed all the abilities to be a great warrior and was portrayed as the greatest warrior in the Greek army yet his flaws constantly hindered his capability to act with decency and honour. He could not control his pride or rage which ultimately affected his actions. An example of this is when Achilles prayed to the gods that the Trojans would slaughter the Greeks because of the indecency shown to him by King Agamemnon. Part of him desired to live a long, easy life, but he knew that his personal fate forced him to choose between living a long life and his name forgotten after a few generations; or a short life, lived with honour and glory. Ultimately, Achilles was willing to sacrifice his life so that his name would be rememb...
The question "was Achilles' anger justified" brings up issues that seem to have little or no relevance to the war. In time of war I would expect the leaders to prioritize the groups interest for the sake of unity and cooperation rather than being entrenched in achieving their own personal goals. But my expectations are those of a modern day literature student, I'm inclined to think that the Greeks who first read this epic valued different things than myself. Another relevant question might be "were Achilles' actions justified". Anger can be easily justified, but the actions that anger might lead you to take are not as easily justified. Again I am not an ancient Greek and my opinions are irrelevant unless I open my mind to different viewpoints. Therefore I am striving to look into this issue through ancient Greek eyes where the principle of sacrificing ones own interests was apparently not valued, but maintaining ones honor, on the other hand, was greatly valued. In the following paragraphs I will attempt to answer these two aforementioned questions.
Achilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors, is portrayed as a hero in some ways but, on the other hand, performs some controversial acts in the Iliad. Throughout the entire Trojan war, Achilles spent most of his time pouting in his tent after Agamemnon kidnapped his prized maiden, Chryseis.
From the first pages of Homer’s The Iliad, Achilles is portrayed as vengeful, proud, and petty. As the book progresses, the image of Achilles as a spiteful child is sharpened dramatically. Towards the end of the epic; however, Achilles begins to exhibit qualities that are considered heroic even in today’s society. Once his loyal and trusted friend Patroclus dies, Achilles undergoes a drastic change in character. When he confronts the true horror of death, Achilles puts aside his immature ways to fulfill his duty to his friend, his compatriots, and his conscience. In this way, the progression of Achilles as a character is an analogy for the transition from youth to maturity.
Achilles would be considered one of the latter; he is a proud and headstrong person who had to fight for everything he received. In The Iliad of Homer, one sees that Achilles initially achieved his first honor on the battle field. His prowess and ferocity in personal combat gives him the appearance of invincibility or i.e. super human, or god like abilities. He is also very short tempered, and takes offense very easily. He would respond with blistering indignation, especially when he thinks that his honor is being insulted.
The Greek warrior Achilles could be described as many things as told by the famous poet, Homer, in his epic The Iliad. Achilles was the son of Peleus and Thetis, who is a sea nymph. Due to his mother he became immortal, and could only be killed if wounded in his ankle. Therefore, he was a strong warrior, but through the Trojan War he became selfish. He lost sight of his values such as honor, loyalty, and protection of his family name. He became immature, a coward, and most of all, he became selfish.
At the beginning of the epic, the falling out, Achilles is not concerned for the fate of the Greeks, but for himself and his grudge with Agamemnon, "My honors never equal yours, whenever we sack some wealthy Trojan stronghold-my arms bear the brunt of the raw, savage fighting, true, but when it comes to dividing up the plunder the lion's share is yours, and back I go (Iliad I, 193.) ." This shows a very narrow-minded, selfish Achilles and this is, indeed what we are supposed to think of him at the beginning of the epic. He is self-possessed and worried about personal possessions.
In light of Aristotle’s quote, “the man who is incapable of working in common, or who in his self-sufficiency has no need for others, is no part of a community, and is like a beast or a god,” correlates to Achilles in essence of him wanting no part of his heritage as a god, and fighting with comrades and the Trojans. With this in mind, we can see why Achilles had a tremendous amount of strength and rage within himself.
Achilles personality has not much to recommend him other than his fighting capabilities. He is headstrong, ignorant, selfish, and conceited. In the story his emotions take charge. Wrath, rage, greed, vanity, pride, honor and loyalty are his allies. Achilles lives for fighting and being known to everyone he only takes into consideration his own needs and wants. Vanity flatters him and his envy and wrath paves the way to ultimately causing his own death, of course this doesn’t happen until after he sees what his foolish actions have caused him and he suffers greatly. At the end before his death, there seems to be a come- around for Achilles, his character shifts slightly after seeing the effects he has caused. However, his change in character is short
Achilles had a desire for battle and to be victorious because of the glory that was awarded for it. The quote that was put into the Odyssey goes against everything Achilles stood for because he fought in hundreds of battles, not caring about living or dying but only about his recognition. This kleos that he so desired seemed like it was the only aspect of life that he coveted. He wanted to accumulate as much honor as possible so that he could be worshipped as if he was one of the gods. Achilles did have that option; he was given a prophecy and a choice between life or eternal glory. The allure of glory proves irresistible when he must avenge the death of his beloved friend Patroclus. It was this significant event that ultimately altered Achilles’ view of glory and caused him to choose the battle over life on
The first requirement of Aristotle's tragic hero is that they are more admirable than the average character. Achilles meets this requirement because of his ability on the battlefield. In The Iliad, the background to the story is the war between the Greeks and the Trojans. This background is not only the basis for the story overall, but is also the basis for Achilles' own story. This begins when Achilles refuses to join the battle because he is insulted by Agamemnon. This decision results in the action that drives the remainder of the story. Later in the story when Achilles becomes angered and goes to the other extreme, launching into battle and killing ferociously. The significance of this is that it places battle as central to both Achilles' story and to what is important in the setting of the story. Importantly, the aspect that makes Achilles greater than most is his ability o...
Achilles is introduced into The Iliad getting into a debacle with the leader of the Greek army, Agamemnon, during the last year of the Trojan War. Achilles starts a quarrel with Agamemnon because he has demanded possession of Achilles’ woman, Briseis, in consolation for having to give up his woman, Chryseis, so that the gods will end their plague upon the Greek soldiers. Achilles does all he can to get his loved one back, but he knows that nothing will waver Agamemnon’s decision. This is when Achil...
However, Achilles is very much an independent character and a selfish person. While Hector is a soldier, an unselfish person, and a loving family man; he cares not for just his own glory but the glory of Troy. Furthermore, the reasons behind Achilles and Hector fighting reflect their personalities: Achilles is selfish so he fights for himself, but Hector is more of a caring character and therefore he fights for Troy and his family. However, overall Achilles is the superior warrior because he slays Hector in just a few moves, and his achievements are exceptional compared to Hector’s.
Homer makes it clear that Achilles is a man mainly driven by his hunger for glory. Achilles has all the traits of a superhuman from his strength to his incredible ability to fight on the battlefield. Even with these great abilities, it is hard for many readers to perceive him as a hero because of the way he acts. Homer takes this brief time period out of this whole ten-year war just to demonstrate how Achilles cannot control himself when he goes into a rage. In todays world Achilles would not last long as a soldier in any army because he would be court marshaled for insubordination. Achilles ye...