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Crime reduction and prevention
Crime reduction and prevention
Crime reduction and prevention
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What is a city?
A city is a large agglomeration of people who have permanently settled in a particular area. The density of these settlements affords inhabitants great amounts of interaction and connectivity, ultimately creating hubs of social, economic and cultural activity. However, this high concentration of people also brings about issues related to the health and safety of citizens. A number of these problems are explored in Chapter 4 of Edward Glaeser’s book Triumph of the City: How our Greatest Invention Makes us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier. While many cities in developed countries have been able to implement systems to reduce the incidence of such issues, they can still struggle with other challenges relating to the fast pace of urban growth present in the 21st century.
Why do people live there?
People live in cities as they are hubs of economic, social and creative activity, and they offer citizens a lot of choice. Transportation and proximity make it really easy
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Some of the challenges include: the provision of safe and clean drinking water to citizens in order to minimise the spread of disease; ensuring public spaces are clean and inviting for residents; maintaining levels of connectivity in the city by reducing the number of cars on the streets, utilising measures such as congestion pricing and an increase in public transport services; and keeping crime rates low despite population growth by introducing harsher penalties for crimes and increasing police force numbers and concentrations to raise the probability of arrest and deter crime. While developed cities have largely resolved these challenges through the solution explained above, Glaeser contends that developing cities such as Mumbai and Kinshasa require massive public and government support in order to execute similar
“The City Born Great” by N.K. Jemisin is a short story that talks about a homeless graffiti artist living in New York City who meets a man by the name of Paolo. Paolo would always give this homeless man either money or buy him breakfast; however the artist would still assume Paolo wanted something from him, yet he knows it isn’t anything sexual related. However, Paolo just wanted the artist to listen to the city and how it will be born into a new life, in which it needs to be protected from the ancient evil during its birth. Mainly, I enjoyed the narrator’s voice and perspective on New York especially being born and raised from there. There were several themes of the story that can be applied to how people view the world, for example, when
In the reading “Walking in the City”, Michel de Certeau discusses the use of tactics and strategies when creating a city environment. Certeau explains that strategies are for big corporations, architects, and the wealthy and the powerful. These are the people who have a say in building the city. Strategies require urban planning, these people have the power to make these choices. On the other hand, there are certain tactics that civilians living in the city create to ease the difficulties of daily living. The little people, the civilians, or those who have no say, control the tactics according to Certeau. Tactics are created to make the living standards equal in a sense. The strategies and tactics that are used to create a city, play significant role in how the city will function as a whole.
While many people continue to live their lives in cities, some may come to the impression that they are “wasteful.” The individual who strives to do their best to eventually reach their dreams, and gain the material things they desire might not seem very effective, compared to the one who is content with their simple, more “pure” life in some vast land away from the city. However, there is a better chance of seeing more people like the former rather than the latter. Certainly, most people today do not live on farms, vacant marshes, or vast deserts, and instead live in cities. Most often, those people would avoid living in such provincial places because of their distinct conditions. Although if we were to determine which type of life is more
If you like a exciting life then the city was for you. However cities were bustling smelly and loud places and 1 out of 20 people lived in them. People had to purchase everything at shops and the market. Cities were often near the waterfront because ships needed a doc to unload shipments from england. Houses were close together and made of wood which made fire a real danger because that was the only way of lighting houses.
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
19.) City-State - is an independent or self governing state. It is made up of a city, and the surrounding area controlled by it. Sumerian city state often fought each other for control of Mesopotamia.
Wicked problems refer to socio-cultural difficulties that are impossible to solve due inadequacy of knowledge, large number of involved opinions of people, heavy effect on the economy, and the interlinked manner of the given problems to others. Wicked, in this context, represents something that opposes resolution. Various urban problems are persistent due to their wicked characteristics. This paper seeks to contextualize three wicked urban issues, namely, urban biodiversity, urban street planning, and urban smart cities, as reported in news articles. This will necessitate a better understanding of the specified wicked problems as a way of finding probable solutions.
As human civilization has grown, most inhabitants have increasingly chosen urban areas as their preferred area of residence. This is due to the availability of resources such as employment opportunities, housing, and greater wealth than can be found within the rural countryside. However, this build-up of individuals within a small urban area causes a great deal of urban stress upon the inhabitants of the city. Urban stress is the stressors within city areas that cause increased pressure and mental health disorders within individuals. Such stressors can range from lack of housing, overcrowding, pollution and high crime rates that cause significant anxiety to city residents. While these are found in most urban areas, this phenomenon is particularly noticeable in industrializing regions of the world, as cities in the developing world face significant pressures due to a lack of urban planning and development for their vast number of citizens.
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
Nowadays, more than half of the world population lives in cities. Urban populations consume 75% of the world 's natural resources and generate 75% of waste. Cities have become consumers of enormous amounts of natural resources and generating massive environmental
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
As previously implied, cities are currently the antithesis of even the barest sense of sustainability. To succinctly define the term “sustainability” would be to say that it represents living within one’s needs. When it comes to the city, with almost zero local sources of food or goods, one’s means is pushed and twisted to include resources originating far beyond the boundaries of the urban landscape. Those within cities paradoxically have both minimal and vast options when it comes to continuing their existence, yet this blurred reality is entirely reliant on the resources that a city can pull in with its constantly active economy.
(evidence, textbook pg. 145) Ultimately, urbanization impacts standards of living because there is a lot of pollution, which leads to diseases that some people will not be able to afford to pay the medication for.
A Tale of Two Cities is a novel categorized as historical fiction. Historical fiction is a composite material, with a portion of history embedded in a matrix of fiction. A Tale of Two Cities is appropriately titled, as the novel is the story of England and Revolutionary France; as a result it can be categorized as historical fiction. A Tale of Two Cities is parallel to history in many different respects. The English setting, and atmosphere, is similarly portrayed, as it actually existed in the seventeenth century.
As the result of urbanization, cities have more problems to overcome such as pollution, overpopulation, drug abuse, congestion, crime, poverty, traffic jam, slum areas, and many more. There must be something to solve these problems. Government and citizens should be involved because taking care of city problems can’,t be done entirely by government. The community can be even more successful because it deals directly with problem areas.