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Notes about trebuchet
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The trebuchet, following the catapult, the trebuchet was capable of launching 400 pound projectiles hundreds of feet. This engine of war was created for one purpose, lay siege to an enemy castle. Recent discoveries indicate that the first trebuchet could have been invented as early as 300 BCE in what is now China, this version is thought to have been a rope based trebuchet with groups of military men using upper body strength in order to lob the projectile. The trebuchet reached Europe approximately 700 years later in 400 CE and was used mostly by the French as opposed to the Anglo-Saxons (Trebuchet). This was when the rope pulled design was improved into the counterweight system. The counterweight system used a large weight, usually a large …show more content…
The most common and historical example was a large boulder, typically 200-400 pounds, but over the course of this engine’s use many other objects have been used to wage war with the trebuchet. One deadly example of what was used were a bundle of sharpened stakes, when launched they would unbundle and due to the aerodynamics would naturally point forward, due to the weight of such a projectile it would be unblockable by say a shield, armor, or a tree. Another possible projectile was greek fire, sticky oil set on fire that could not be extinguished with water, also burning sand was used because it would seep into the cracks of …show more content…
The invention of the trebuchet in China, 300 BCE, required that the Inventors of the trebuchet systems had an advanced understanding of Newton’s second law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction, but the trebuchet was invented about 2000 years before Isaac Newton was even born. This goes to show that Isaac Newton in fact did not discover Newton’s second law, he only put it into word and documented it. The inventor also had to possess an advanced understanding of tension and friction because the guide chute was frictionless to prevent inhibiting the projectile's speed, and an understanding of tension was required because the projectile will only vertically escape the guide chute when the tension on the sling exceeds the projectile’s own
Furthermore, if we look at the distinguished Scientist Isaac Newton and his acclaimed laws of gravity we can understand some of the thinking tools he used. Mr. Newton’s imagination and inspiration was a key player during the scientific revolution era. “Legend has it that, at this time, Newton experienced his famous inspiration of gravity with the falling apple.” (Bio.org, 2017)
For almost as long as civilizations began they have been fighting against each other. Often times these wars come down to who has the better military equipment. When one army creates an elite war machine another army is sure to soon copy or improve it. For example the U.S. Army Signal Corps purchased the first ever military aircraft in 1902 (Taylor). Two years later the Italians were also using aircrafts. The trebuchet catapult is no exception; it was one of the most destructive military machines of its time (Chevedden, 2000). A trebuchet works by using the energy of a falling counterweight to launch a projectile (Trebuchet). In this research paper I intend to explain the history and dynamics of a trebuchet catapult.
Trebuchets earned a reputation for being much more accurate and precise than their onager and catapult counterparts. Not only was this accuracy a benefit, but being based on rotational motion and leverage rather than torsion (spring power) and lacking in a throwing arm stop, the trebuchet proved a much safer alternative for the personnel operating it. Onagers and Mangonels would literally explode on occasion when the torsion proved too great or a crack developed in the throwing arm due to the rapid stops it experienced.
The Trebuchet was a very advanced siege engine that was used in the middle ages, it helped destroy several castles. The Trebuchet is a type of catapult that was used as a siege engine in the middle ages. The Trebuchet is a highly advanced device in terms of its engineering and it was built by engineers with exceptional designing and building skills. The advanced engineering of the trebuchet allowed the trebuchet to “sling” rocks, soil etc. to a target, thus allowing the trebuchet to destroy and weaken the castles walls and defences. These points link back to the focal statement that the trebuchet is a very advanced siege engine
The trebuchet was the apex of non-explosive projectile-based siege weapons to predate the cannon. The trebuchet was one of many non-explosive projectile-based siege weapons developed over the preceding 2 millennia. The largest and most powerful "nuclear option" trebuchet was known as the Loup-de-Guerre, which was Anglicized as the War Wolf.
Although many think of trebuchets and catapults as two different things, trebuchets are actually a type of catapult. While a standard catapult is any device that will throw an object by means of tension, a trebuchet throws and object by means of gravity from a counterweight that will fling an object by means of stored up energy, which is known as potential energy. Modern trebuchets usually use metal weights or sandbags as the counterweight, but, medieval armies would use anything from bags of stone to crates of animals. When the trebuchet was first used in ancient China during the fourth century, it was highly preferred over the standard catapult. When trebuchets were first becoming popular, armies and army leaders were gravitated towards them, because of their design. It was easier to get a more accurate measurement of the landing point of the ammunition. A trebuchet can throw an object by using a counterweight on the
...e went into motion. Possible projectiles of the trebuchet were living prisoners, jugs of Greek fire, rocks, and animals. Another large weapon of siege was used primarily in storms, the battering ram. In its early stages, the ram was no more than a hefty beam with a mass of metal attached to the end. Men would hoist the cumbersome boom onto their shoulders and run into a wall or door as many times as needed until the surface under attack gave way. In the Middle Ages, it was developed into more of a machine, for the ram hung from the center of a tent under which the men operating the ram could hide. The ram could be swung like a pendulum much more easily than having to constantly run back and forth. Also, castle guards often poured hot oil or other things onto the ram and its engineers. The tent, which was on wheels, protected the men and the battering ram as well.
The first trebuchets that were ever designed were probably built to break down castle walls or any type of barrier that stood in the way of the army. At the time, the trebuchet was preferred over the catapult was because of the extended range and its greater accuracy. The design was also extremely portable, since it could be built on wheels. During these early years of existence, the trebuchet was a very powerful weapon. Not many armies had one and it could launch a stone the farthest of any weapon of the time period.
The trebuchet is used with a long wooden arm refreshed on a hinge point, which acted as a big level. A bullet was placed on one end and soldiers in this earlier form of the trebuchet pushed on slings devoted to the other end to fundamentals swing the arm around and throw the
The earliest model was the trebuchet. It started by using a large weight on one end of a pivoting arm. The arm was pulled back the missile was placed and then let go. The weight went down, the arm went, and the missile launched. The later model gained its power from a tightly wound skein of rope, hair, and skin. the skeins were twisted incredibly tight and then had a wooden arm up to sixty feet long placed in between them. The arm was pulled back using pulleys and rope, the missile was placed in the wood cup and then the arm was released. The arm sprang to a 90 degree angle where it was stopped by a large padded piece of wood. The arm was then brought back down and fired again.
“Volley Guns” (Chivers, 2010, p.26) or also known as “Organ Guns” (Ellis, 1975, p.10) were first attempts at increasing firepower by adding several barrels at the firing itself, rather than simply attempting to increase the rate of fire. “Gunsmiths had long ago learned to place barrels side by side on frames to create firearms capable of discharging projectiles in rapid succession. These unwieldy devices, or volley guns, were capable in theory of blasting a hole in a line of advancing soldiers” (Chivers, 2010, p.26). An example of such weapons can be seen on July 28, 1835 when Giuseppe Fieshi unleashed terror on King Louis-Phillipe in Paris, France. He fired his 25 barrel “volley gun”, killing 18 of the king's entourage and grazing the King's skull. The weapon was ineffective however. Four of the barrels failed and another four ruptured. Two other barrels had exploded inside, grievously wounding Giuseppe. (Chivers, 2010, p. 27)
First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.
A catapult that caught my attention was called the onager, in a slingshot, a leather pouch at the end of a pair of strings holds a stone. When the arm was released, it sprang forward and hurled the stone. A large straw filled cushion absorbed the shock of the arm at the end of its swing after the missile left the
Sir Isaac Newton is the man well known for his discoveries around the term, Motion. He came up with three basic ideas, called Newton’s three laws of motion.
A weapon, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is defined as “a thing designed or used to inflict bodily harm or physical damage”. Due to the fact that humans have always fought and killed each other, it is hard to determine an exact time in which weapons were first used, but according to ancient cave paintings dating back from 10,000 to 5,000 BC weapons such as bows were used. Over centuries weapons steadily advanced until the 16th century when guns were invented. In the beginning of the 19th century, a man by the name of Sir William Congreve engineered the first rocket used in warfare. The rocket was not a very good one, it lacked accuracy, but because of a need to have the best and most powerful weapon, improvements and other designs were created which lead to the first super weapons being built.