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Effects of terrorism on tourism essay
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Travel and Tourism Into the Future
Continued Growth
Over the last 20 years there has been a significant growth in:
1. UK residents visiting overseas
2. Overseas residents visiting the UK
1. UKresidents visiting overseas
In 1982 there were 20.6 million visits overseas by the UK residents.
By the year 2002, the number had tripled to 54.9 million. Even in 2001
when global terrorism had a big impact in world travel, UKresidents
visits abroad continued to increase at 2.5%. During this 20 year
period, the number of nights spent abroad by UKresidents, rose from
262 million to 595 million nights. The projection into the next
decade, suggests a continued increase in the region of 2-3%. When
people travel abroad, people spend money, the increase in travel over
the last 20 years has averaged 5.3% each year, over the same time,
spending has increased by 10.6%.
2. Overseas visitors to the UK
In 1982, 11.6 million people visited the UK, and by 1988 reached a
peak of 25.7 million, however visits to the UK fell in the following
years, into 2001, between February and September, foot and mouth
disease caused a fall of 9.4% and visitor numbers continued to fall
due to terrorist attacks in the USA. By 2002, visitor numbers were
still lower than before 9.11. The number of nights, stayed by overseas
residents followed the visitor trends, 136 million nights in 1982
rising to 231 million nights in 1998, falling to 190 million in 2001.
Over the last 3 years, the trend has shown an increase of over 5%. The
prediction into the future suggests continued to increase at rates
around 4%. Spending by overseas visitors has grown at 5% each...
... middle of paper ...
...ohn Lennon, Nottingham, East Midlands -
the largest hub = Stansted.
Growth in the size of Airports
1. New terminal 5 at Heathrow (LHR)
2. Proposed growth at Birmingham (BHX)
3. Growth at Coventry Airport
4. A need for a new airport in South East England
5. Expansion of Exeter, Bristol, Durham Teesvalley
Electronic/www/email changes
· Continued growth of internet as method of
1. Researching holidays
2. Communication with operators
3. Booking of flights, accommodation, car hire insurance
4. Arranging excursions
· Decline in Travel Agents?
· Vulnerability to:
1. Global terrorism: Post "9.11", Bali bomb
2. Diseases: Sars virus in the Far East, foot and mouth in the UK,
AIDS.
3. Natural disasters: Hurricanes
Volcanic Eruptions
Earthquakes
Floods
1) In the period between 1982 and 2000, the market rose steadily, but the market became to turn to bearish market from 2001;
The US employment rate has improved over the past years creating a leveled economy market allowing for society to have a more stable income than they have had in recent years. This improvement helps the retail industry to have a growth in the market.
Increased demand on a global scale due to increase in manufacturing across the world, opposite in U.
Excellent growth up until the most recent year. Sales dropped from 1984 to1985. A new product introduced in 1986 is forecasted to boost sales.
Total Asset Turnover – Dropped from .64 in 2001 to .58 in 2002 to .55 in 2003. The reason is big increase in Total Assets.
...rts showing that sales have increased every year and continue to grow, with the major portion in merchandise and credit.
With growth comes change. Now that we have analyzed the data and answered core questions,
This reasons for high growth can be attributed to the growth in volume on account of increased market penetration efforts of industry players.
What do the letters PESTEL stand for? Can you identify any links between some of these
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
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Tourism and Hospitality has developed rapidly and becoming extremely important to economy in the world. The income that several countries in the world receive from tourism industry can be reached to $1billion per year. In addition, Marketing is one of the most important factors that help and effect to tourism industry in many positive ways. Marketing evolved in the tourism industry since 1980. It promotes tourism industry by encouraging the tourists to travel at their destination with the strategy that made up to the tourist satisfaction. However, a marketing strategy does not have to be complex, in fact it should be a easily understood which ensure the advantage of marketing of the products and services to the tourist business to obtain positive
In general, the political situation of a country is recognized as an important factor that influences tourism development. A stable political condition is a significant requirement that enables a tourist to visit and travel within the destination country (Hall & O’Sullivan, 1996). When the political situation is instable, tourists will perceive negative image that directly effects the tourism industry. As Neumayer (2004) said tourists are sensitive to the negative image of a tourist destination, events of violence can affect tourist destination long after the event has passed and stabilized. Cook (1990) noted political instability is a condition of a country where a government has been toppled, or is controlled by factions following a coup, or where basic functional pre-requisites for social order control and maintenance are unstable and periodically disputed. Hall and O’Sullivan (1996) said perception of political stability and safety are prerequisites for a touristic in nature vacation. They also listed violence protest, social unrest, civil war, terrorist actions and the perceived violations of human rights can be a cause to make tourists alter their travel behavior. The tourist behavior has a significant effect from the potential risk and also has an impact on the decision making process. Tourism is vulnerable to the sinister power of political instability (Seddighi et al. 2001). Tourists are only willing to travel to foreign places in mass numbers if their journey and their stay are confirmed safe and shielded from events that threaten a joyous holiday experience. Faced with violent events in a coutry, potential tourists might fear for their lives or physical integrity, might simply anticipate becoming involved in stressful s...
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...