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The role of the church in medieval times
The role of the church in medieval times
Christianity in the Middle Ages
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The Edict of Milan was an integral part in the transformation of Christianity from The Middle Ages to modern society. Constantine and Licinius agreed to the creation of this edict in 313. During this century, Christianity was not tolerated but is currently a growing religion in today’s society. The religion went from being a small and unacceptable cult to expanding into multiple denominations and being an influential part of many countries ways of life and political rule.
When the Edict of Milan was issued, religious tolerance marked the beginning of religious transformation throughout the Roman Empire. The transformation was physical, mental, and spiritual. The physical and mental effects were noticed in the way that people were treated and the Pagan traditions they incorporated. Spiritually, the effects ranged from religious freedom of expression to the victory of the church.
Prior to the Edict of Milan, persecution of Christians was very common. They were considered to be exclusive, anarchists, against the Roman government, and blamed for the cause of great disaster that occurred during this time. Depending on the Roman emperor that ruled would determine the severity of Christian persecution, such as Nero being more adamant about persecuting the religion than Constantine.
After the edict was created the acts committed to torture and murder Christians ceased, such as gladiatorial shows. The edict helped pave the way for religion freedom which forever changed multiple religions. Christianity in today’s society is freely expressed and practiced without shame. Though Christians are still persecuted throughout the world, it is at a much smaller scale than it was in The Middle Ages.
After the Edict of Milan was created Christian...
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... society and began to have influence as well (Rosenwein). When it came to slaves, even though the rise of Christianity did not impact the use of them, the change occurred in the way that slaves were better treated. The way people thought and cared about others changed. Christians began to be welcomed when they went out to conduct missionary work and spread the word of their religion.
The rise of Christianity was already taking place in the Roman Empire, but the Edict of Milan was of importance for future generations of rulers. It allowed for the development of religions and the chance to freely express their spirituality without consequence. Christianity swept through the empire more rapidly and became an ever moving force throughout Europe. The transformation of this religion was great and to this day, Christianity is still widespread and present in many countries.
It can be assumed that Christianity shaped slave culture in several ways such as developing a common bond among slaves. At the some time, it could also be argued that slavery altered Christianity in various ways including the formation of Methodist and Baptist denominations. However, these were not the only manners in which both cultures had an effect on each other. Black converts dramatically increased the number of Christians in the New World. The ideas instilled in slaves by Christianity gave some slaves thoughts of rebellion and influenced African-American music and dance. Not to mention the church was a major supporter of the proslavery argument which conveyed slavery as a positive thing during the antebellum period of the United States.
The persecutions did help the spread of Christianity because they showed that people were willing to die for what they believe in. “I am corresponding with all the churches and bidding them all realize that I am voluntarily dying for God”(Ignatius, paragraph 5). This shows that Christianity is a way to unite ourselves with God and to be freed from all evils. Another reason it helped the spread of Christianity is that there were public executions which increased the number of people knowing about it. This also shows that the Romans don't really care for the individual freedom of their
The rise of Christianity in Rome did not come easily. It came with much destruction and death. The spark of Christianity in Rome came from an appearance of Martyrs in Rome. Martyrs were people that were executed for going against the common beliefs of pagan (polytheistic) ways. (Tignor, 2011, p. 286) Because of these awful executions, Christianity is said to be based off of “the blood of martyrs.” One of their main ways of spreading Christianity was through the sharing of their writings and by 300 CE there was an exceptional amount of book production throughout Rome. (Tignor, 2011, p. 289) “Christianity operated as one among many minority religions in the Roman Empire, and on several occasions experienced widespread persecution, especially under the emperors Nero (r. 54–68), Decius (r. 249–251), and Diocletian (r. 284–305). However, the situation changed radically under the emperor Constantine (r. 306–337), who in 313 issued the Edict of Milan that made Christianity a legitimate religion in the empire.” (Melton, 2010, p. 634)
The rise of the church had a great impact in medieval society. The great belief of Christianity began with Jesus of Nazareth who presented public preaching’s of a friendly and forgiving God as he claimed he was the Messiah. According to Jesus, god’s command was for all human kind to love, cherish, and focus their lives to the Lord. The love that was expected for humans to have for God was to adore him with all of their hearts, minds, and souls. He also preached to the early people of how one should love one another. A friendly and forgiving God would later attract many sacredly inspired communities to worship him. People of the medieval world placed great belief in Christianity causing the rise of the church to impact many aspects of the society including government, family, and architecture.
The persecution of Christians that went on in the first, as well as the second century, was random and local. Nero was the emperor that started the persecution of Christians. After the Great Fire of Rome, the Christians were blamed and called arsonists, as well as causing them to receive vicious deaths in Rome. During the second century, the Christians were often just ignored. Even at the end of the 5 Good Emperors reigns, Christians still didn’t represent a large part of the Roman society.
Constantine also sent letters around the Roman Empire to tell them about the empire’s conversion to Christianity. By 400 A.D., Christianity became the official religion practiced by almost all Romans. Clovis was not as dedicated as Constantine was to his conversion, and his actions did not show as much dedication as Constantine’s did. Though Constantine and Clovis’ effects were the same, their commitment to Christianity differed. Constantine went far beyond the Edict of Milan, which extended indulgence of Christians during the persecution.
This led to a decrease in traditional Roman values because before Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire the Roman people had a strong belief in polytheism. Because the polytheistic view was abandoned no one saw the Emperor as a deity which in turn took power away from the Emperor. People began to shift their belief in the city to a belief in one sole deity. With such a large focus on the new religion many religious leader began to rise in political sectors. This was negative for the Roman people because their government was already weak and with the increasing of political power being given to the religious leaders it would only began to further make governing harder. It was really hard for a weakened government that originally based itself on polytheism to change to monotheism because it would only to serve to remove more power from the
Constantine felt that the acceptance of Christianity would cause the religion to grow numerically and have greater influence in all areas of society. He also felt Christianity was the best religious choice for the people under his rule and beyond. Without the Edict of Milan, Christians would of been forced to continue secretly meeting in underground churches. Also, the pagan torture would have persisted and the confiscation and plundering of Christian churches would have still remained. Without the recognition of Christianity, the Christians would not have been able to maintain equal status with people from other religions.
Before the 16th century Protestant Reformation, Christianity it Europe was in a questionable and somewhat corrupt state. During the mid 15th century central and western Europe was set up in the form of a hierarchy, which was headed by the pope. At this period in time the pope claimed all spiritual authority over Christians, as well as political authority over all inhabitants of the Papal States. In addition to the claims the pope made, the church also owned close to one-fourth of the land in Europe that lead to a strong centralization of papal authority. Close to all of the Europeans at this time were Christian and would pay taxes directly to the church as a result of this ownership. European Christians were taught in their upbringing that without the guidance and rituals of the priests and the church, there would be no path for them to salvation. Despite the church attempting to teach morality among members, the clergy started to become greedy and full of corruption that fueled their desire for ...
Constantine the Great, first Christian Emperor, originator of Constantinople, creator of the Byzantine Empire, military conqueror, and honored saint, has been labeled by many the most instrumental emperor of the Roman Empire. Constantine played a crucial role in the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, and founded Christianity as the formal religion of the Roman Empire. His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the infrastructure of European development. From his humble beginnings, to his command of the Roman Empire, to his final days, Constantine’s impact on world history and Christianity has left behind an unforgettable legacy. He was described by Eusebius as “such an emperor as all history records not.” Ware compared him to, “a watershed in the history of the Church.” Additionally, Meyendorff states, “No single human being in history has contributed to the conversion of so many to the Christian faith.” Norwich declared that “No ruler in all of history has ever more fully merited his title of ‘the Great’…Constantine has serious claim to be considered the most influential man in all of history.” Some of Constantine’s notable acts in the history of Christianity was his calling of the first Ecumenical Council at Nicaea, his institution of freedom for Christianity with the Edict of Milan, and the relocation of the capital of empire from Rome to Constantinople.
In conclusion, it is important to realize that it was not one single factor which was responsible for the spread of Christianity, all these figures came together to give the perfect platform for a new religion to develop, " Never before in the history of the race had conditions been so ready for the adoption of a new faith by the majority of the peoples of so large an area" (K.S Latourette).
After the Edict of Milan was established, towns went under a slow transformation. Although it continued to focus of urban life, many temples were slowly replaced by Christian buildings. The Emperor highly encouraged Christian art and architecture. Theodosius I, the last Roman Emperor, acknowledged Christianity as the state religion in 380. Art was no longer created secretly underground or hidden inside of churches; it could be displayed openly in front of the public. For the first time, several basilicas were built openly for Christian worship and inside those basilicas, paintings and mosaics of biblical stories were created to be viewed publicly. The Edict of Milan made the Roman Empire become a huge contributor to Christian art and architecture and it created an tremendous revolution in history.
The rise of Christianity in western civilization is arguably among the most important memories in history. There is no denying what the spread of Christianity has done for the world, for better or worse. Its impact on western civilizations is unrivaled and unprecedented. Christianity slowly became something for many individuals to turn to; in times of hurt its provided comfort, in times of pleasure it has given thanks. The will and belief for salvation has driven individuals to be better, and to have a reference while in need. The rise of Christianity more than 2000 years ago provided necessary building blocks for the future. Without Christianity there would be no cathedrals, no monasteries, no music from one Johann Sebastian Bach, no paintings from Michelangelo, nor no philosophy from Saint Augustine (Backman 205). There are countless times in history, whether good or bad, that can be credited to
...d Europe and Asia to share the Catholic faith to everyone who was willing to hear them speak. The most dominant change that the Roman Catholic Church made was the establishment of Jesuit schools. The Jesuit schools organized catechism classes in Italy in the early sixteenth century and taught kids about the fundamentals of the Catholic Church. The Church made many improvements to persuade all individuals to accept the Catholic faith.
Early Christian persecution, 30-250 CE, was not a universal event throughout the Roman Empire, but rather sporadic and local. In 64 CE, a massive fire destroyed almost the entirety of Rome, and in order to escape blame, Emperor Nero