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Summary of the tragedy of the Commons by Garrett Hardin
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The effect of global warming on humans and the environment
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Garret Hardin, a well known philosopher/scientist, in 1968, writes an article, Tragedy of Commons, elaborating on the population problem. Tragedy of the Commons is an economic problem in which every individual tries to reap the greatest benefit from a source. What many people don’t understand is that everyone cant get a profit off one good, because of this every individual who consumes an additional unit directly harms others who can no longer enjoy the economic growth/benefit. The Tragedy of Commons reminds me so much of imperialism and colonization. Many philosophers implicate that America is a melting pot, because of the different cultures, traditions and ethnic groups. Because of when America was discovered and every country wanted to colonize and increase their economic growth, America has many different cultures, traditions and ethnic groups. The Tragedy of Commons social class's dilemma's fabricate on people's short term selfish interests and their common goods. Hardin's key assumptions were bio physically finite, overpopulation is an example of the Tragedy of Commons, the commons system for breeding, but the problem to all of these assumptions is gaining people's consent of coercion. Long after Hardin publishes this article “Tragedy of Commons”, Beryl L. Crowe, well respected scientist, looks over the Tragedy of Commons and revises it. Beryl L. Crowe's revisited copy dissent and consent with some of Hardin's point. Garret Hardin questioned the correlation between military and …show more content…
Beryl belief included not just technical but political solutions and she didn’t think that morality was needed in this situation as much . Instead of just using natural science like Hardin did , Crowe also believed that our society needed two insular scientific communities: natural and social. Crowe believed that she should avoid the psychological and professional aspects of the
Lundberg asks: “With finite resources already being stretched thin by a growing global population, is it rational for us to continue on as we are?” (485). In the quote, readers can hear her contemplative and reflective tone that leaves them questioning that, too. Her essay is easier for the general population to follow along and even tries to involves their
of people sharing a resource tend to utilize it to satisfy their own needs, but
Peter Singer's paper “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”has made a drastic impact in modern applied ethics. The simple nature of the paper makes for an easy read, yet the point clearly set out by Singer is at ends with the targeted audiences' popular beliefs. Although most will object to Singer's idea by throwing away a basic principle of most moral theories, I wish to deny Singer's solution by showing that the ability to apply Singer's conclusion is not reasonable and does not address the problem's core.
Garret Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” is an article that identifies the nation’s current problems and predicaments that can’t be resolved through the use of technical solutions. Hardin’s work heavily focuses on overpopulation, a prominent and unceasing issue that significantly distorts and affects the stability of the Earth and the abundance of the planet’s resources. In his article, he mentioned some reasonable and important solutions to overpopulation, but he also explained its downside and how the said solutions may not be ideal and practical. “Tragedy of the Commons” revealed that the human population will continue to flourish and how it will be greatly detrimental to our society unless individuals get the education that they need and
Thousands of animals are put to sleep each year due to not having any available homes for them to be adopted. According to Jennifer Sexton and Tom Warhol in Domestic Animal Overpopulation, “The average female cat can produce two litters of six kittens per year, a female dog can produce one litter of six or more puppies per year, making pet overpopulation a significant problem.” Animal overpopulation is costing money and you can help the pets with spay and neutering programs. A new solution is mandatory contracts for breeders and spay and neuter programs. This paper will talk about spay and neuter programs, contracts for breeders, and why some people don’t think animal overpopulation is a problem. Thankfully there are solutions to this issue of animal overpopulation.
Hardin states that throughout most of history there's been no need for concern about population control. Nature would come along with epidemic diseases and take care of the matter for us. Disease has been the primary population controller in the past. Because widespread disease and famine no longer exist, we have to find other means to stop population increases (Spencer 1992, pp.61-2).
In Part I, Moral Problems, Greene relates Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” to compare individualistic and collectivistic interests. In the “Tragedy of the Commons”, a single group of herders shares a hypothetical common pasture. Hardin posits that, were everyone to act for his or her individual self-interests, the pasture would be eroded and nothing would be left (19). Collective interests should triumph over individual interests whenever possible (24).
For example generosity, loyalty, and kindness and other virtues that involve obligations and duties to people nearest to us. Since we have practiced and developed these virtues as a community then he or she is committed in doing the right thing and act according to values and principles, which attacks Garrett Hardin argument based on the tragedy of the commons. Hardin states “if people don’t take responsibility for shared resources then environment will result in pollution and decay (Hardin, pg. 15).” However, by having developed these virtuous in our community it allows us to recognize our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life; by taking responsibility of our shared resources. In contrast, people who live in an underdeveloped countries lack resources and the absence of economic justice might make it hard for them to practice their virtues, because they are constantly competing against resources. Not only should we practice such virtues and have a permissible obligations of aiding those nearest to us, but in doing so being virtuous will make a person happy. In fact aiding those who are close to us may require some inconvenience or sacrifice but we ought to do the right thing no matter what the personal cost is. On the other hand ignoring what’s happening in front of us and having no virtue to aid our
Now, the ideas of Thomas Malthus generally do not apply to the world today. It is important to understand that Malthus wanted to create a theory that explained the success of people in a population. Like Darwin’s theory of evolution (which was helped formed by Malthus doctrine) it is survival of the fittest. I do bel...
This is about a long time ago that Malthus (1766-1834) predicted the crisis of overpopulation indicating “population must always be kept down to the means of subsistence”. He was trying to depict the crisis
Malthus’ An Essay on the Principle of Population, he states “I think I may fairly make two postulata. First, that food is necessary to the existence of man. Secondly, that the passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state.” He came up with the Population Principle in which he argued that population, when unregulated, increases geometrically, whereas subsistence increases arithmetically. This then becomes an issue when the population outweigh the amount of food available. Malthus then said that once this level was surpassed, that famine would be the main source of the limit to population growth and that premature death was the most natural way to control the
It is a known fact that the world population is increasing without bound; however, there is a debate if this increase is a good thing or if it will prove catastrophic. The article “The Tragedy of the Commons” by Garrett Hardin discusses how the ever-increasing world population will exhaust the world of its natural resources, and eliminate human’s capability of survival. On the other side of the argument is Julian L. Simon who wrote “More People, Greater Wealth, More Resources, Healthier Environment.” This article proposes the theory that with an increase in population, human’s quality of life is amplified. One particular issue that they both mention and have drastically different views on is the future of agriculture and human’s ability to sustain it.
Humans have greatly impacted the global environment. Throughout the course of history, human populations have rapidly increased. Especially in Africa, these numbers have reached extraordinary proportions. Out of all the continents in the world, Africa’s population is increasing the most. The type of growth here is exponential. “Overpopulation is a condition when an organisms numbers exceeds the carrying of its ecological niche.” The growth rate of a population is equal to the birth rate minus the death rate. Therefore, for overpopulation to occur, the birth rate must surpass the death rate (Wiley). The current population of Nigeria is estimated to be 155,215,573. Most of the population consists of the younger generation. More specifically, 41% of the population is between the ages of 0-14. 56% of the population is between the ages of 15-64. However, only 3.1% of the population is 65 and over. This age group represents a very small part of the population. (CIA)
Seven and a half billion. Enough steps to walk around the globe a hundred and sixty times. Our planet is trying to provide and sustain for a colossal number of people which is expanding every single second. Now the concern that has been put forth by scholars come from the idea that the consumption and effects to our planet by our current society is an international security risk that greatly compromises the future generations. Confucius even mentions this at the earliest start of civilization by saying:
...contemporary environmental crisis, we are able to gather a concise understanding of issues that are often hard to explain yet alone understand. Wealth has become a power system evoking dualism of the western and third world. Power and quality of life is measured against the wealth of an individual. This is a result of human’s tendency to over utilize and eventually deplete the resources available to them inevitably leading to overpopulation. In the next fifty years, the success of the environmental movement may depend much more on its ability to change ethics and values. Environmental philosophy gives an invaluable lens into the issues of overpopulation by deconstructing complex dynamics within society. By spreading ideas within environmental philosophy to all different corners of the globe then everyone will have a chance to learn how to live rightly in the world.