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Social impact of tourism
Discuss the importance of tourism in Nigeria
Explain the social - cultural impacts of tourism
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How a community responds to the opportunities and challenges of tourism and festival depends to a large extent on its attitude to the respective industry. Values and beliefs held by individuals in a community are inextricably linked and shape people’s attitudes and the way they act in specific situations (Derrett, 2005: 40). Derrett (2005) says that values, interests and aspirations of individuals are influenced by their natural environment. How this leads to a sense of community that influences how the community celebrates; that affects the community’s wellbeing, which is shared with visitors who in turn interact with host community; they now have a shared image and identity to reflect and determine their values and beliefs. Derrett (2005) suggests that festival allows local people to satisfy their leisure needs and residents are able to work as volunteers at large and small events. That is shown as another way for visitors to get a sense of local values and interests. This in turn can help break down the host-guest gulf that can exist when large numbers of visitors descend on a destination.
Festivals are connected to cultures and to places, giving each identity and helping bind people to their communities (Getz, 2010: 3), and provides an opportunity for community cultural development, which, like a sense of place, is nearly an invisible phenomenon (Derrett, 2003: 40). Ap and Crompton (1998) suggested that tourism is perceived to contribute changes in value systems, individual behavior, family relations, collective lifestyle, moral conduct and community organizations. These kind of social impacts maybe positive or negative. With the development of tourism, there might be changes in the social structure of the community.
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... income. Nevertheless, there is no doubting the importance of tourism and Agriculture as a source of job.
Nigerians are aware of the natural endowments they have in abundance and are willing to show their cultural heritage to foreign visitors among their midst. Despite all these attractions which the country has in abundant, there are several problems to be faced. Firstly, deciding whether the tourist potentials are worth exploiting from an economic, political, cultural and social stand point. Secondly, what type of tourism is to be encouraged, mass, high investment tourism, low spending but high gross income and so on. With the amount of rich potentials of natural, physical and human resources in Nigeria, the federal and state government plans for the development of tourism which will give the tourism industry impetus to thrive for more success in years to come.
This report will analyse the positive and negative environmental impacts of Glastonbury Festival. Glastonbury Festival could be described as a multicultural hallmark event which contributes to the majority of its profits to the charitable causes and attracts different range of altered people and cultures, from the folk enthusiasts to the rock fans. A primary function of the hallmark event is to provide the host community with an opportunity to secure high prominence in the tourism market place (Hall, 1989). However, these cultural and artistic events that attract tourists from all over the world have positive and negative impacts on the social and cultural life, the economy of the country and environment (Taylor & Holloway, 2006).
Festival 2018 is a great example of what tourism on the Gold Coast looks like, a two week cultural and arts celebration during the Games period for all ages, keeping the locals and visitors entertained on the beach when they aren’t watching the events, and the permanent Evandale cultural precinct, which will be a lasting legacy for future cultural events. Despite this positive tourism opportunity for visitors, it must be considered that this event legacy can leave a negative impression on the local people (Griffith University, 2018). Potential issues include focussing too heavily on the commercial success of the event and neglecting local business and resident needs or ignoring sustainability in their activities that affects the quality of life for local people (Fredline, 2005). Luckily, sustainability is a very important feature to GOLDOC, the organisation leading the Commonwealth Games, and have promised to deliver international standards of best practice to leave a ‘community legacy that lasts beyond the Closing Ceremony’ (GOLDOC,
The spending habits of festival tourists have been very significant as a share of total visitor expenditure. Nurse (2001) observed that festival tourists are quite knowledgeable about the art forms and the region’s culture and history. They tend to stay longer on the island and spend more on local goods and services than the conventional tourist. They also tend to be repeat visitors and good word-of-mouth spoke persons. The Government of Saint Lucia has begun to incorporate festivals in their tourism development strategy but more research is required (economic impact assessment) and more investments should be made in the development and infrastructure in the arts and cultural industries of Saint Lucia.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Several studies (Hall and Shaples 2008, Apega 2013, Tresidder and Hirst 2012, Ali-Knight et al. 2009, Yeoman et al. 2004, Kim et al. 2009, Culinary Tourism 2010) emphasize the growth of food in the tourist’s budget and the importance of it as a cultural element. To mention some probes of the growing phenomenon, around one million of culinary tourists travel every year around the world where one third of his total budget goes only in food and beverages (Culinary Tourism 2010). In addition, Chang (2011, p151) states “in the past decade, food has increasingly recognized by its social and cultural significance”. Ali-Knight et al. (2009) proposed “Tasting Australia” as a clear example of successful cultural- food festival where Australian food interests have become a crucial role in the traditions and culinary identity. Furthermore, Hall and Sharples (2008, p95) identified the principal social outcomes of food and wine festivals as the improvement of “leisure opportunities, learning experiences and cultural exchanges as well as the main stakeholders benefactors like the residents, tourist, government and media”. The authors also stated that the possible benefits cannot only being done in short-term but also in long-term (Hall and Sharples 2008). In addition, some of these long-terms benefits and impacts are also related to the image of the festival on the community. Yeoman et al. (2004, p45) argued
The demonstration effect is also key to understanding the impacts of tourism within society. De Kadt (1979) defines this as “changes in attitudes, values or behaviour which can result from merely observing tourists”. The local host population (especially from developing countries) when observing their guests might work harder for things they lack, assisting development. However, the host population might become discontented and resentful and decide to seek the level of wealth they desire through illegal activities. (Mathieson and Wall 1992).
After researching the impacts events have on regional development I have come to agree with the statement ‘The events industry is an effective and appropriate vehicle for facilitation of regional development’. The significance of this thesis is to critically discuss and demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the events industry and regional development while also providing an understanding of the history of events and the increasing significance of the event industry in contemporary society. Real life examples from around the world are used to recognize and justify the event industry as part of the tourism sector and explore specific implications to event management. Various sectors of the events industry are identified and discussed to support the theoretical discussion on how the events industry is an effective and appropriate vehicle for facilitation of regional development.
From the foregoing thus, this research aims at a critical assessment of the impacts of community participation in the London 2012 Olympics, this is because, sometimes the euphoria that comes with being a successful bidder may not actually translate into long term economic development on the host communities. More so, this research aims at finding out the rationale behind the participation of host residents in an Olympic event as regards the London 2012 Olympics. Are there social legacies; in terms infrastructural regeneration, job creation, revenue accrual, growth in hospitality industry, that come with hosting the Olympics? What benefits are to be derived by communities as a result of their participation in a mega event such as the Olympics? If the Olympics is eventually hosted, who are the stakeholders involved?
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
Innovation is necessary to keep the festival tourism industry going, but keeping the traditions of each is another equally necessary and crucial
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
It is a well-noted fact that tourists from the developed world, or rich western nations, are in favour of visiting unspoilt natural environments and places steeped in tradition. However, Lea (1988) regards such attractions as being a sign of underdevelopment and rarely tolerated by the host nations just because they meet with foreign approval of visitors. Instead, it is the priority of the respective governments to raise living standards to acceptable levels, which means modernisation and the implementation of various infrastructures. Nevertheless, if administered effectively mass tourism could provide a form of sustainable development by meeting the needs of the present without compromising those of the future.
During the festival the potential tourism services and activities can also be introduced, among them are performances of the local boating and kayaking teams, which are currently represented only to a small group of local dwellers and are mostly unknown to tourists. Such activities as camping, cooking, show of the local cuisine, wine, dances and other cultural traditions can also bring visitors’ attention to the
Every country in the world has its own festival and celebration. People all around the world love joining together and sharing good time through the festivals and celebrations. Festivals are great way to experience local culture. Sometime they even offer a glimpse into past. There are hundreds of festivals across the world. So are you ready to experience of fun and colorful festivals? Below are some of festivals from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America.