Quelle est le monument le plus connus du monde? La tour Eiffel. La tour Eiffel c’est un symbole de Paris et de la France avec près de 7 millions personnes qui visite chaque années. Dont 2.4% sont les canadiennes, 7.9% sont les américains et 10.4% sont de la France métropolitaine. La tour Eiffel est 324 m en hauteur et est connu comme le première structure à dépasser 300 mètres de hauteur et d’être le plus haut bâtiment du monde de 1889 à 1930. Sa grandeur et allure impressionne le monde entier.
La tour Eiffel c’est nommée après Gustave Eiffel, un ingénieur chimiste. La tour était construite par l’entreprise de M. Eiffel, qui spécialisait dans les charpentes métalliques. Mais Gustave n’était pas l’un qui a eu l’idée. Deux ingénieurs de l’entreprise, Émile Noughie et Maurice Kœchlin, ont eu l’idée en 1884 du tour. Ils ont eu l’idée quand la République renaissante a publié dans le journal mettant les ingénieurs au défi "d’élever sur le Champ-de-Mars une tour de fer, à base carrée, de 125 mètres de côté et de 300 mètres de hauteur". Leur projet est retenu parmi 107 projets et Gustave Eiffel signe une convention avec le gouvernement, le 8 janvier 1887. Expliquée par www.tour-eiffel.fr, l’idée était « d’une tour très haute, conçue comme un grand pylône formée de quatre poutres en treillis écartées a la base et se rejoignant au sommet, liées entres elles par des poutres métalliques disposées a intervalle régulier ». Avec l’aide de Stephen Sauvestre, un architecte, ils ont eu un projet acceptable. Aussi expliquée par www.tour-eiffel.fr, Sauvestre habille les pieds de socles en maçonnerie, relie les quatre montants et le premier étage par des arcs monumentaux, place de grandes salles vitrées aux étages, dessine un sommet en forme de bu...
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...rs fêtes de la musique et concerts organisée sur le champ de mars. Nous pouvons aussi voir les annonces publicitaires sur la tour. Et la tour peut changer de couleurs pour les évènements importants comme quand la France a pris la présidence de l’union Européenne de l’UE. Il y aussi des records essayées d’être brisés ou crée sur la tour Eiffel, comme a descente des escaliers en moto.
On peut voir aujourd’hui le grand changement de perspectif à-propos de la tour Eiffel. Aussi le grand changement de visiteurs, maintenait dans les millions. La tour est répliquée tout autour du monde et connu par presque toutes. A cause des reproductions de toutes sortes, la tour est l’un des objets les plus populaires du monde. La tour Eiffel est multipliée à l’infini sous les formes les plus variées. Objets d’art, souvenirs ou création originales, on en trouve dans le monde entier.
Findling, John E., Historical Dictionary of World's Fairs and Expositions, 1851-1988 New York: Greenwood Press, 1990 Komendant, August, "Post-Modern on Habitat", Progressive Architecture 1968 March vol.49, p.138-147
The facility was smaller than expected by many on the tour group. However, the tour guide had a very nice explanation to each of the artworks. By visiting the museum to gain the aesthetic experience it has open many people point of views to how they can express his or her self through art.
The “White City” was a vast collection of architecture and arts that were put on display in the year 1893. The Chicago World Fair, also called the “White City”, was a major event in American history that impacted America’s culture, economic, and industry. The Chicago World Fair was held to honor Columbus’ discovery of the New World. The real reason why it was made was to proudly have back their wealth and power. Larson said, “the tower not only assured the eternal fame of its designer, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel but also offered graphic proof that France had edged out the United States for dominance in the realm of iron and steel…”(15). To accomplish this, architects led by Daniel Burnham and John Root made numerous buildings and beautiful scenery
However, it wasn’t until the construction of the Eiffel Tower that stirred Americans. “The [Eiffel] tower not only assured the eternal fame of its designer, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, but also offered graphic proof that France had edged out the United States for dominance in the realm of iron and steel, despite the Brooklyn Bridge, the Horseshoe Curve, and other Undeniable accomplishments of American engineers.” (pg.15). Americans were baffled, how could France be ahead of the race that America started? Discussions of a fair to be built in Chicago were announced, the same men who were responsible for the rebuilding of Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871 would be on the committee for building this great fair (pg.16). This fair would be a display of modern or ancient times. Being that there was one in Paris, it was only right for America to have one, and the goal was for it to be bigger and better. Once approved by government officials and personnel on the committee, there was a decision to construct The Chicago’s World Fair; which would also be referred to as the World’s Columbian Exposition. The lead architects Daniel Burnham and John Root knew that failure wasn’t an option. They could not let the nation’s honor or reputation become tarnished (pg.33). Burnham and Root had the job of insuring the nation’s egotism and prominence by exceeding the expectations of civilians. This was an extremely hard job, for both Burnham and Root this would be their biggest challenge, yet they would excel due to their expertise and power to imagine and
Not all of L’Enfant’s designs were used, but one, the National Mall, remains one of the largest tourist attractions in Washington, D.C. to this day. The national Mall stretches for two miles and includes Capitol Hill, Smithsonian Museums, War Memorial Walls, the Lincoln Memorial, Washington Memorial, and the Jefferson Memorial. This was meant to show the government not as a monarchy but as a democratic government which separated the new country from England. Even though L’Enfant used ideas from European cities, the architects strived to create new American capital where all citizens were equally important (Fletcher). There
Richard Wilson, "Challenge and Response: Americans and the Architecture of the 1889 Exhibition," in Annette Blaugrund (ed.) Paris 1889. American Artists at the Universal Exposition, Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 1989, 93-110.
Leniaud, Jean-Michel and Francoise Perrot. The Sainte Chapelle. Paris: Centre des monuments nationaux, 2007. Print .
The “superstar” museum gained this status by considering every important detail during its establishment and initial phases of conversion from royal palace to museum (Gombault, 2002). As the purpose of the building changed, each room addressed new functions with new requirements. Although the function of the Louvre is different from the building’s original intention, the building is still appears dignified and important enough to display priceless artifacts and painting (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998). This consideration was applied in designing the Met. The Met looked towards the South Kensington Museum (Victoria and Albert) and the “ideal role model” due to its extensive collections and international reputation (Heckscher, 1995). The Met found itself in a similar situation to the South Kensington, because it did not have a building or a collection to start with (Heckscher, 1995). When designing museums, architects strived to create monuments that “prepare and educate the mind of the visitor (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998).” Education is an essential function of a museum. Acquiring, preserving, and properly displaying materials, permits a museum to fulfill this duty (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998). For instance, lighting is a factor that affects the manner in which artwork is viewed and can be properly appreciated. When determining the proper lighting for the Louvre, Comte d’Angiviller, strongly believed that natural, overhead lighting was the most effective solution (McClellan, 1994, p. 72). The same determination impacted the decision to add skylights at the Met. During the initial phase, architects Vaux and Mould, added skylights to the upper floor, and windows to the lower floor that provided a natural light solution (Heckscher, 1995). Additionally, glass-roofed courtyards provided “unimpeded light” for displaying
...survived public lashings and invasions since its erection in 1889. Even though some thought it would detract from the gloriousness of Paris, it brought in millions upon millions of people from every nation who had the desire to see the breath taking monument that is the Eiffel Tower. Thousands, if not millions, spend their lives dreaming and wishing they can one day visit the Tower, jars are labeled ‘Eiffel Tower Fund’ and spend years filling up. The Eiffel Tower, the symbol of Paris, has brought delight and bliss to many with its income and the addition to science around the world.
The pavilion is significant figure in the history of modern architecture, regarded to be influential with its open plan and use of exotic material. There is a blurred spatial demarcation where the interior becomes an exterior and exterior becomes the interior. The structure constantly offers new perspectives and experiences, as visitors discover and rediscover in the progress of moving throughout the in’s and out’s, a non directional conforming circulating movement pattern. To facilitate this movement, even though it is a visually simplistic plan, its complexity is derived from the strategic layout of walls with its intimation of an infinite freedom of
It is a very reflective place for the French and shows a basis of culture for the people. The small structure became the base on which was constructed into one of the most extravagant buildings in the world. The Palace of Versailles is a famous French landmark due to its elaborate construction, its role as a center of government, and its influence on French culture. The architecture of Versailles makes it one of the most elaborate and detailed structures in history. Its amazing detail gives it the royal feeling that it sends to people every day. "
Paris became the centre of the newly prosperous bourgeoisie and the Impressionists captured it all across their canvases. Evidence of this could be seen in Caillebotte’s Le Pont de l’Europe as it depicted a bourgeois couple strolling in Paris. The urbanization of Paris also brought about a freedom of mobility for the Parisians as they could utilize the new railroads to travel in and out of the city for their leisure. In Monet’s Interior View of the Gare, St-Lazare: The Auteuil Line, the coming and going of trains displayed the importance of this invention to the city’s roaming inhabitants. Many Parisians took advantage of this innovation, such as art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel.
I came across many monuments in my research for this paper. I was very intrigued by monuments in New York City. Many people forget about the less talked about monuments. Such as the Flatiron Building and Gracie Mansion. Of course they are those well-known monuments as well. There is the UN building, which has been around since 1949. Penn Station is also another well-known monument. It has been around since the early 1900’s. There are many others including Grand Central Station, the George Washington Bridge, the Cathedral of St. John and Yankee Stadium just to name a few.
Standing 56.67 meters on its higher side and 55.86 meters on its lower side. Weighting 14,500 tonnes the Leaning Tower of Pisa is an amazing artifact in the city of Pisa, Italy.
French culture and society has evolved from many different aspects of French life. From the mastery of French cuisine to the meaning of French art, the French have changed and evolved in many ways to produce a specific modern culture, the dignified culture of the French. One thing that parallels the progress and continuation of French culture is the role of women throughout France. Compared to other nations, the role and rights of women in France were confronted earlier and Women’s suffrage was enacted earlier. The role of women in France, because of the early change in perception of women, enabled France to develop faster and with less conflict than other competing nations.