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Natural disasters and their effects
Natural disasters influence on society
Natural disasters and their effects
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by earthquakes is estimated between 150 and 200,000.
The "Topo-Tlatelolco Rescue Brigade" (medical safety and rescue technicians) was created to assist with the aftermath. This rescue group has helped its own population and has even assisted internationally. This group participated in the rescue efforts of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake which generated a Tsunami.
Origins of the disaster
All buildings which collapsed presented inadequate structures for clay soil. This occurred mainly because of corruption and poor planning. Most of collapsed buildings were recently built. The Government's negligence was the main culprit which impacted of the huge number of deaths. While other structures that were very old and built for the type of clay terrain withstood the earthquake. Surveys after the earthquake showed most of the fallen buildings had specifications lower than those demanded in the contracts. But no one was ever charged nor convicted. Particularly serious was the case of the state builder in charge of the construction of schools. Their executives were left unpunished despite the high number of destroyed schools and schoolchildren who were killed.
Immediate response and civil
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The president himself took three days before he traveled to the affected areas. Due to the absence and delay of action by the federal government the civilian population provided their own rescue work by organizing groups. This included the brigades which was made up of students specializing in medicine, engineering and science. The UNAM despite not having been directly affected closed its doors for a week suspending classes at the university. Students who wanted to help would be integrated into the brigades of rescue and assistance. The police and army did not assist much with recovery efforts mostly due to their scope of work being described as guarding destroyed
The 160th SOAR (A) is the only Special Operations Aviation Regiment in the world. Things to be discussed will be the unit’s operational history that the soldiers have done. These soldiers are known as the Night Stalkers due to their proficiency in night time operations. They go through special training and use special helicopters and other special equipment to accomplish their mission during all weather operations during day or night.
On February 4th 1975 in Haicheng China there was a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Over a period of months there were changes in elevation in land, ground water and unusual animal behavior which are all precursors to an earthquake. Days before the 7.5 magnitude earthquake there were foreshocks that triggered an eviction warning that effectively saved over 150,000 lives or injuries. This is a pro as this forecast saved thousands of lives and had the people of this area (knowing this was a place of seismic activity) took precautions, like that of earthquake resistant buildings, evacuation points, preparing disaster supplies among other preparations the following may not have happened or would have been less of a disaster.
Governments, the private sector, Non Governmental Organizations and Community Organizations play vital roles in recovery. The essence of a recovery effort is the resources captures to assist, the capability of assistance and other best practices for recovering from a disaster. Rubin and Popkin, (1990) in their report entitled Disaster Recovery after hurricane Hugo in South Carolina thoroughly outline many challenges to which organization and other bodies had face in Hurricane Hugo’s recovery effort. These inefficiencies cause a spiral of increase lost of life, property and livelihood for hundreds of people to which the hurricane affected.
The Coast Guard, for instance, rescued some 34,000 people in New Orleans alone, and many ordinary citizens commandeered boats, offered food and shelter, and did whatever else they could to help their neighbors. Yet the government–particularly the federal government–seemed unprepared for the disaster. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) took days to establish operations in New Orleans, and even then did not seem to have a sound plan of action. Officials, even including President George W. Bush, seemed unaware of just how bad things were in New Orleans and elsewhere: how many people were stranded or missing; how many homes and businesses had been damaged; how much food, water and aid was needed. Katrina had left in her wake what one reporter called a “total disaster zone” where people were “getting absolutely
The survivors had no home, clothes, food, and most of all, they lost their loved ones, relatives, and friends. The government helped the survivors, sending the military with relief goods in order for them to live through their hardships. The survivors slept in the Presidio and city parks, like the Golden Gate park, with tents, waited in line for food and clothing that were being distributed by the government and other organizations (National Archives, 2016). The survivors were required to do their cooking in the streets in order to minimize more fires. The administrators of relief goods included San Francisco Red Cross, Relief Corporation, and The United States Army. This earthquake was considered one of the worst natural disasters in United States. The city of San Francisco received helped from people around the country, other cities, states, federal government, and other countries, totaling up to $9 million in relief (“Quick facts about the 1906 earthquake and fires,”
Federal intervention in the aftermath of natural disasters began after the San Francisco earthquake in 1906. This 8.3 magnitude earthquake killed 478, and left over 250,000 homeless. While the disaster itself was obviously unavoidable, the subsequent fires that burned throughout the city were a result of poor planning. (1, 17) In an effort to consolidate existing programs, and to improve the nation’s level of preparedness, President Carter created FEMA in 1979. Initially, FEMA was praised for improving communication between various levels of government, and multiple agencies during a crisis. (1,19)
“On March 11, 2011 at 11:46 pm CST Japan was hit with an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude, followed by a tsunami shortly afterward. This earthquake and subsequent tsunami is known today as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. The epicenter was located 80 miles east of Sendai, the capital of Miyagi Prefecture, and 231 miles northeast of Tokyo.” This is how most stories of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami are started. This intro is short, professional, to the point, and really speaks to how those who responded during operation Tomodachi carried out their mission. Operation Tomodachi (Japanese for friend) not only aided in the improvement of United States and Japan relations, but also serves as an outstanding example of how to respond both quickly and efficiently in such important times.
As a result of poor building constructions and running heavy equipped machineries, despite not being designed for industrial use contributed to the collapse of this eight-storey building, two floors of which were added illegally. Besides that, employees of the garment factories were forced to work by the owners even after discovering cracks on the exterior walls of the building. The employees were clearly under poor working conditions.
The well-developed emergency response plan established beforehand helped the Company in making quick decisions after the disaster. Foreseeing situations arising from a major disaster and preparing well for them enabled the Company to take prompt actions when the time came. Management of the Company was empowered to make decisions without any lengthy analysis from a central authority. The Company also used flexible approach by modifying its delegation of authority to speed up critical decision-making process for recovery concerns. One of these decisions includes launching the Global Disaster Control Headquarters after mere 15 minutes of the disaster. The team further, worked upon the situation effectively by assessing damage while overseeing restoration efforts at various facilities. Latest information including details about employees’ safety and damage caused was absorbed and appropriate actions based on this were taken. Hence, the Company used proactive measures post the disaster situations rather than consuming time and delaying decisions which were indispensable. This was possible only through preparing a backup recovery plan well before the disaster, integrating tasks and taking several imperative decisions
Yamada G., Gunatilake R, P., Imur, R, M., Gunatilake, S., Fernando, T., Fernando, L. The Sri Lanka Tsunami Experience. Disaster Management and Response. 2006; 4:38–48.
Earthquake is a frequent phenomenon in areas called ‘earthquake zones.’ Earthquake creates numerous kinds of effects such as loss life and damage of property depending upon its magnitude. Earthquake can make damage from small to large impact on communities. As some consequences of the earthquake, there is secondary effects like fire, water supply problem, electricity, transportation, and communication disruption (Gaurav Kaushik, 2013). Manmade infrastructures are playing an important consideration during earthquake devastations. Those man-made infrastructures should be carefully well-designed and well-constructed to prevent earthquake damages. By properly constructing partition wall, staircase, chimney and also well-installing water supply
Under tort law, construction professionals would be held liable for their negligent act or omissions which have breached the duty of care against the third parties. Often in time, an original purchaser of a defective building would be able to institute an action under contract law against the construction professionals with the presence of privity of contract. In the absence of privity of contracts, however, the only remedy available to the third parties would be tort law. Be reminded that the occurrences of building defects are not clearly displayed and its occurrence could surface throughout the lifespan of the building thus making the claim under tort law more complex and the rule of causation is by and large harder to establish. Since transactions in relation to real estate’s trading often take place in Singapore, issue arisen as to the rights of the subsequent buyers who purchased the property through the original purchaser which do not have a direct contract with the developer and contractor. Thus, under the judgment of Bryan v. Maloney.(1995), the Australian High Court decision allows the subsequent purchaser to make a claim through tort in the event of defects. This position is similar to Singapore position and hence, a remedy that would have for the subsequent purchaser in the event of
During the past two centuries a various number of bridges and buildings had been structurally failed and collapsed all over the world. Some of these cases caused a sizeable number of human losses. For example, collapse of Tay Bridge in 1879 killed at least sixty persons. Beside the problems related to their construction and design, probably the miscarriage to follow engineering ethics correctly was partly responsible for these incidents. Growing engineering professionalism during the nineteenth century gave rise to the development of a number of famous engineering societies, such as American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME) (1871), American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE ( (1884), etc. Instead, responding to series of significant structural failures mentioned above, some engineering societies developed formal codes of ethics.
... although we may never be able to understand exactly what soil failures can occur when a natural disasters take place, as time goes on and testing instruments and materials advance we will hopefully have a better understanding of what we can do to avoid soil failures and come up with a better and more sufficient method of improving the soils structure and strength permanently. While researching the information for this report I feel I have a much better understanding for construction geo-technics and foundations especially regarding the deformation, liquefaction and pile information related to this specific event. I hope to carry the information I have learned from this event into the construction field and apply them towards an authentic project that’s taking place and know that the information, regarding soils, I have given input on will be precise and accurate.
...ntion, the rate of accident will rises thus it will badly affected the image of the construction industry company. On average, more than 40 accidents were recorded each year beginning from 2005 till 2009 despite the efforts done to ensure the safety environment. All accidents have their causes so it is important to identify the causes to the accident so that it can be prevented in future and thus reduce injury, ill health and also cost to the business. This is the article i took from my sinchew.com, the title was second Penang bridge collapse. The possible causes of the accident is because of this three factors, namely design, material used and quality of work not accordance with specifications, and supervision and quality control at the project site. The safety officer should regularly check the construction site to prevent this kind of accidents happen in future.