Tobacco Cultivation In The 18th Century Essay

Tobacco cultivation: Tobacco was a poor man’s crop, it could be planted easily, it produced commercially marketable leaves within a year, and it required only simple processing.
2) West Indies (crops and slavery): A group of displaced English settlers from Barbados arrived in Carolina in 1670. They brought with them a few African slaves, as well as the model of the Barbados slave code, which inspired statutes governing slavery throughout the mainland colonies.
3) Fur Trade: French fur-trappers ranged over the woods and waterways of North America in pursuit of beaver.
4) Indentured servitude: Many of them, as “indentured servants,”voluntarily mortgaged the sweat of their bodies for several years to Chesapeake masters. In exchange they received

transatlantic passage and eventual “freedom dues,”
5) Puritans: Came from the commercially depressed woolen districts.

They grew increasingly unhappy over the snail-like progress of the Protestant Reformation in England.
6) New England Colonies: It was imposed from London. Embracing at first all New England, it was expanded two years later to include New York and East and West

Jersey.
7) Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
8) Chesapeake Colonies:
9) North Carolina:
10) Dominion of New England: Massachusetts suffered further humiliation in 1686, when the Dominion of New England was created by royal authority. The dominion also aimed at bolstering colonial defense in the event of war with the Indians and hence, from the imperial viewpoint of Parliament, was a statesmanlike move. The Dominion of New England was designed to promote urgently needed efficiency in the administration of the English Navigation laws. Those laws reflected the intensifying colonial rivalries of the seventeenth century.
11) New England Confederations: Three of the four member colonies of the New England Confederation were eager to wipe out New Netherland with military force.

But Massachusetts, which would have had to provide most of the troops, vetoed the proposed foray.
12) Headright System: Both Virginia and Maryland employed the “headright” system to encourage the importation of servant workers. Under its terms, whoever paid the passage of a laborer received the right to acquire fifty acres of land. Masters, not the servants themselves, thus reaped the benefits of landownership from the headright system.
13) Bacon’s Rebellion: About a thousand Virginians broke out of control in 1676, led by a twenty-nine-year-old planter, Nathaniel Bacon. Many of the rebels were frontiersmen who had been forced into the untamed backcountry in search of arable land. Bacon had ignited the smoldering unhappiness of landless former servants, and he had pitted the hardscrabble backcountry frontiersmen against the haughty gentry of the tidewater

plantations.
14) The “Middle Passage”: The captives were herded aboard sweltering ships for the gruesome “middle passage,” on which death rates ran as high as 20 percent. Terrified survivors were eventually shoved onto auction blocks in New World ports like Newport, Rhode Island, or Charleston, South Carolina, where a giant slave market traded in human misery for more than a century.
15) Triangular Trade: Yankee seamen provisioned the Caribbean sugar islands with food and forest products. They hauled Spanish and Portuguese gold, wine, and oranges to London, to be exchanged for industrial goods, which were then sold for a juicy profit in America. Triangular trade was infamously profitable, though small in relation to total colonial commerce.
16) Colonial Economy:
17) First Great Awakening: It exploded in the 1730s and 1740s and swept through the colonies like a fire through prairie grass. The Awakening was first ignited in Northampton, Massachusetts, by a tall, delicate, and intellectual pastor, Jonathan Edwards.
18) George Whitefield: A former alehouse attendant, Whitefield was an orator of rare gifts. His magnificent voice boomed sonorously over thousands of enthralled listeners in an open field. Whitefield inspired American imitators