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Racism and literature
Racism in america literature
To kill a mocking bird literary analysis
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“Am I wrong for saying that I choose another way…Don’t let them control your life. That’s just how I feel. Fight for yours and don’t let them go. Don’t let them compare you, no.” This song by Nico and Vinz means that you should take your own path and if someone is judging you, you shouldn’t let them “control your life.” When Nico sings this he is also saying that you should “fight” or stand up for what you think is right even if no one follows or agrees with you. These two themes about judging others and standing up for what you believe in come up many times in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird and in Jem and Scout’s life. The children learn from these lessons and can use it to understand the world better. Although opponents might say that …show more content…
only adults understand the world because they are older and have gone through more experiences, Jem and Scout have gone through many life-changing experiences which is more than most of the adults in Maycomb. First, Scout learns not to judge people based on the first impression. Scout learned this when Walter Cunningham came over for dinner and poured syrup all over his dinner. She thought it was strange until Calpurnia scolded her, “yo’ folks might be better’n the Cunningham’s but it don’t count for nothing the way you’re disgracing them”(24). From this experience, Scout learned that you shouldn’t judge people just because they do things or act differently than others. Walter Cunningham had never had syrup before in his life because he was in a different social class than the Finches. Their family was poor and he had never had it before so he used it in the wrong way. Calpurnia told Scout that it didn’t matter what social class you were in or how much money you had, what mattered was how you treat people regardless of their differences. At this time Scout was still young, but the lesson she learned to treat people equally and not judge them would be important for the rest of her life. Scout shows that she has grown and understood world more throughout the novel when she defends Walter Cunningham from the rude things Aunt Alexandra says. Scout disagreed when Aunt Alexandra said, “Because-he-is-trash, that’s why you can’t play with him” (225). Aunt Alexandra believed that the Finches were better than the Cunningham’s because they weren’t poor. She didn’t really know anything about the Cunningham’s and yet still said that Walter was “trash”. As a result of this, Scout gets angry and tells her aunt that they are good folks so she doesn’t see why she shouldn’t play with Walter. This shows that Scout doesn’t judge others like Aunt Alexandra or even herself did in the beginning of the novel. She changed and understood more and realized more important qualities like the fact that the Cunningham’s were actually very nice people rather than the amount of money they had. Aunt Alexandra was the adult and should have been a role model to Scout in this situation and teach Scout that judging others was wrong. However, the roles were reversed and Scout was the one who didn’t judge the Cunningham’s proving that you do not have to be an adult to understand the world. In addition, Scout understood the world better when she realizes that Boo Radley isn't the person who she initially thought he was. She realizes this when she tells Atticus, “...an’ Atticus, when they finally saw him, why he hadn’t done any of those things...Atticus, he was real nice…” (281). In the beginning of the novel, Scout, Jem, and Dill made fun of Boo Radley and thought he was an evil man based on all the rumors spread around town. People around town said he ate raw squirrels or that he watched people through their windows or that he killed children. However, it becomes apparent that none of these rumors about Boo Radley were true. The night that Jem and Scout were attacked by Bob Ewell, Boo Radley had come to the rescue and saved Jem and Scout by stabbing Mr. Ewell to protect the children from danger. He ultimately saved their life and proved that most of the rumors against him were false. At the end of the novel, Scout tells Atticus how Boo is actually a very kind person and realizes that she shouldn’t have judged someone when she didn’t know anything about them. These examples of not judging people throughout the novel show that regardless of their age, Jem and Scout can use these lessons in the future to understand the world. Furthermore, the children in the novel learn to stand up for what you think is right even if you are standing alone.
Scout stands up for her beliefs and rights when Francis calls Atticus rude and offensive names. She gets tells Francis, “He is not!... I don’t know what you’re talkin’ about, but you better cut it out this red hot minute” (83). The argument had started when Francis called Atticus a “n*****-lover”. Scout became defensive and stood up for Atticus because she knew that Atticus was a fair man who didn’t believe in racism. He stood up for black people because he believed that everyone was equal regardless of race. Scout, along with her father believed that black people should be treated fairly as well so when Francis called Atticus rude names she stood up for him because she knew that Atticus was a fair and equal man. This shows that you do not need to be an adult to understand the world because most of the people in Maycomb were racist such as Bob Ewell. Despite her young age, Scout stood up for her father and her beliefs and knew that not all black people were bad people. Additionally, Jem stands up for his rights and his father when Mrs. Dubose says something rude about black people. Scout describes Jem’s attitude when she thinks, “Jem had probably stood as much gruff about Atticus lawing for n***** as much as I, and I took it for granted that he kept his temper” (102). This shows that although Jem had a pretty steady temper, he lost it when Mrs. Dubose said that Atticus was “no better than the n****** and trash he works for”. Jem, like his father didn’t discriminate against black people unlike the rest of the people in Maycomb. While he did get heated, it was because he stood up for Atticus and his beliefs which were to not judge black people. There was already so much prejudice in Maycomb and Jem regardless of his young age, stood up for what he thought was right and protected black people and his father. This lesson of standing up for what you think
is right can be used in the future in Jem and Scout lives. They can understand the world better because they realized that it was better to stand up for what you think is right than be quiet about your beliefs. Throughout the story, Jem and Scout have realized many things such as not to judge people based on rumors and to stand up for what you think is right even if no one follows you. Even though they were young they understood more than anyone else in the town. Bob Ewell and Mrs. Dubose were grown adults but were racist and judged people. Jem and Scout were 12 and 8 years old respectively and learned many lessons proving that age does not matter in order to understand the world.
Scout had to deal with her cynical cousin Francis at the Christmas party, when she speaks to Francis he begins to rant about the disrespect Atticus brings to the family name. “Now he’s turned out to be a nigger-lover. We’ll never be able to walk the streets of Maycomb again. He’s ruinin’ the family, that’s what he’s doin’” (88). Scout then defends Atticus, arguing with Francis.
During the Tom Robinson case, Scout had to face people discriminating against her father for defending an African American man. Once the trial began, and everyone in Maycomb knew about it, Scout found out she would be taunted by her schoolmates for a small while. Her own family was discriminating against them, especially Francis. At the Finches’ Christmas party, Francis taunts Scout with insults toward Atticu...
Atticus is a great leader of his family, teaching his children morals and life lessons. He makes them better people by showing them how to deal with the trial and people making fun of them. Atticus teaches Scout how to respect other people. First, Scout learns to respect Atticus, then to respect "Boo" Radley, and finally to respect a whole race of people, negroes. He makes it a common practice to live his life as he would like his children to live theirs, and thus displays the attributes of an honest, respectable, and kind man. Throughout the trial process, Atticus shows Jem and Scout that true courage is standing up for what you believe in and that all human beings, despite their race, deserve respect. "You never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it." This quote shows that Atticus wants his children to get along with people, and so other people will respect them for whom they are.
On several occasions, Scout gets into a fight with people who make unpleasant comments about her father. Atticus continuously tells her that this is wrong and that she needs to learn to control her anger, “You might hear some ugly talk about it at school, but do one thing for me if you will: you just hold your head high and keep those fists down. No matter what anybody says to you, don’t you let ‘em get your goat. Try fighting with your head for a change” (Lee 101). The day after this discussion with Atticus, Scout is approached by a fellow student who had previously made a mean comment about her father. “I drew a bead on him, remembered what Atticus had said, then dropped my fists and walked away...it was the first time I ever walked away from a fight” (Lee 102). Although she struggles at first, Scout develops a higher level of maturity which allows her to control her temper and simply defend her father with her words, without being rude. Jem is also faced with these type of situations and struggles with his anger, for instance when he attacks Mrs. Dubose’s flowers. Atticus goes to great lengths to teach his children that in life, they must learn to stay calm and be kind to everyone, despite how cruel those people may be. Scout and Jem face several situations in which their control is tested, which leads them to “come of age”
Yet he took the case with no hesitation. Atticus knows the difference between what is fair and what is true justice. He is well aware that whites and blacks have many differences with one another, but is also educated enough to know that there truly is no diversity in equity, and tries to teach everyone including his children this. ”You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view- until you climb into his skin and walk around it.(30)” Atticus is encouraging Scout to respect everyone and consider their true potential without considering false accusations in this quote. He applies what he teaches to his children to the people attending the Tom Robinson trial. Atticus is just one man, but with an unprecedented amount of sense of pride, intelligence, and justice. He reflects the image of the town’s people by showing them what they’ve allowed themselves to become based on their beliefs. He genuinely expresses their deepest consternation. In this quote he tells the audience what they are afraid to hear, but need to hear, “She was white, and she tempted a Negro. She did something that in our society is unspeakable: she kissed a black man. Not an old uncle, but a strong young Negro man. No code mattered to her before she broke it, but it came crashing down on her afterwards.(272)” After stating his point and releasing the profound truth Atticus causes for Mayella and Bob Ewell to lose their composure. Nevertheless people of most of the white people of Maycomb continue to refuse to believe that a white woman kissed a black man. But they undoubtedly believe that a black man with a useless left hand beat and raped an “innocent” white woman. Atticus could have predicted the outcome from before he even took the case and refused to defend Tom Robinson. But he
Towards the end of To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus decides to represent a colored man by the man of Tom Robinson, who is being accused of raping Mayella Ewell, Bob Ewell’s daughter. Atticus believes that Tom is innocent, but he does not think that Tom will be found not guilty because of they way the townsfolk treat colored people. They treat them like dirt; like they are worth nothing. Atticus went ahead and represented Tom despite the fact that he knew the townsfolk would call himself and his children names and treat them disrespectfully. Even Scout’s relative Francis said rude things about them. “‘I guess it ain't your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger-lover besides, but I'm here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the family-...’ ‘Just what I said. Grandma says it's bad enough he lets you all run wild, but now he's turned out a nigger-lover we'll never be able to walk the streets of Maycomb agin. He's ruinin' the family, that's what he's doin'.’” Atticus set a good example for Scout and Jem. He had a difficult decision to make, but he chose what he thought was
Reassuring that Tom Robinson’s case is dealt seriously, Atticus exchanges his identity as the noble man he is for the reputation of a villain that the town flames and calls names such as “nigger lover”. Sacrificing Atticus’s identity does not give him much room to speak during the case, in fact, without his title as an intelligent, helpful, and wealthy citizen, the people of Maycomb could potentially harm Atticus, which forces him to take a slightly more cautious approach with the people of Maycomb. Concerned with the matter of how her father finds that his actions are right when the majority of the town finds it is wrong. Atticus then responds strongly to Scout, saying that he could not live with himself or tell her and Jem to do the right thing if he did not take the case seriously himself. Atticus’s identity sacrificed for the intention of saving his kids from “Maycomb's usual disease” which is racism.
Atticus is a good father for teaching his children to respect everyone. Scout asks Atticus if he is a “nigger lover” and he simply replies, "I certainly am. I do my best to love everybody... I'm hard put, sometimes—baby, it's never an insult to be called what somebody thinks is a bad name. It just shows you how poor that person is, it doesn't hurt you." This shows that atticus is not like the other people in Maycomb he considers every man to be equal to one another. Judge Taylor comes to Atticus to defend Tom Robinson because he knows he’s the only man in Maycomb that is fit to do to the job, and do it fairly. While thinking about taking the offer Atticus firsts thinks about his kids and how it will affect their lives. Atticus says “…do you think I could face my children otherwise? You know what’s going to happen as well as I do, Jack, and I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb’s usual disease. Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anythin...
The book To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, and the song “Waiting on the World to Change”, sung by John Mayers, have many similarities. I have made six different connections between the song and the book. Most of these explain how Scout and Jem felt during this racial time period within the small span of their lives. I believe that because this book was written in a child’s perspective, it opens the door to new possibilities and experiences because of their unfiltered minds. Scout and Jem are not bias, unlike the fellow citizens of Maycomb County, Alabama. I can easily compare the lyrics in the song to Jem and Scout’s experiences.
A small city nestled in the state of Alabama, Maycomb has got its faults, just like any other place in the world, but one of its main faults or (pg.88) “Maycomb's usual disease,” as Atticus calls it in the book is prejudice. Jem and Scout learn a lot about prejudice when a black man named Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell and their father, Atticus, is called on to be his lawyer. They realize the hate that people have buried deep within their heart when they see a black man accused of doing something only because of his color. On pg.241, Scout starts understanding this and thinks, “Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of men's hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed.” As the case continues, up until the death of Tom Robinson, Jem and Scout learn more and more about prejudice and how the hate that people have towards others causes them to take wrong actions. They also see how unfair it is that a white man can get treated better and think of himself better than a black man only because he was born white. This prejudice and the trial cause Jem and Scout to get in argum...
The hatred that the citizens of Maycomb felt towards the black community extended to anyone who became involved with them, especially the Finch family because Atticus was appointed to defend Tom Robinson. Scout and Jem suffered the most from this hatred because their peers were children, who are nearly always less candid than adults. Most of the people who were unhappy with Atticus would just try to keep away from him, which was bad enough. The children however, verbally abused Scout and Jem. Scout responded to this with physical violence, even though it was discouraged by her father. The sad thing is that they were mistreated even by members of their family, like Scout’s cousin Francis.
Atticus's battle for justice causes more problems for Scout. She is continually defending him but the racist remarks do not stop. These remarks just show how cruel children can be to other children. She feels the need to defend her father to Francis, her cousin. He was also taunting her with accusations: "At a safe distance her called, `He's nothin' but a nigger-lover'." The benign force of racism has disrupted their lives, especially Scouts, through the old fashioned and discriminative opinions of the younger residents of Maycomb.
Throughout the novel, Atticus’ assistance to Jem and Scout’s development becomes evident. Atticus takes every opportunity to attempt to teach his children the importance of having an open-mind. For instance, when Scout queries Atticus about Maycomb’s prejudice perspective, he tells her, “You never really understand a person until…you climb in their skin and walk around in it.” (Lee 30) Even during the early stages of the novel, it is apparent that Atticus endeavors to instill the values of empathy and tolerance within Jem and Scout by teaching them how to have multiple perspectives on a situation. In addition, Atticus also attempts to enlighten his children about peaceful resolution in society. For example, when Atticus is chosen to defend Tom Robinson, Atticus tells Scout, you might hear some ugly talk about it at school but…you just hold your head high and keep those fists down.”...
Atticus taught Jem and Scout to respect people, even if they didn’t respect them back, he taught them to understand that you never know what a person is going through to make them how they are so you shouldn’t judge them or hold it against them. Because Atticus taught his children these lessons they were able to recognize the injustices found throughout the town of Maycomb and sometimes when they spoke out, they would make a little change in someone’s ideals (for example, scout talking to Mr. Cunningham at the jail house, or Jem spending time and reading to Mrs. Dubose.) Whereas, the children of Bob Ewell wouldn’t recognize injustices because Bob Ewell didn’t teach them about morality, he only taught them how to be like him—which is a liar, a slacker, and a rude hurtful person. The same goes for the rest of the children; Cecil Jacobs referred to Black people as “niggers” (Lee 99) because that’s how his father and the town taught him to refer to black people as, whereas Atticus tells Scout to never say that word because its “common” (Lee 99) meaning uneducated. Even though Atticus wasn’t confronting everyone with racist views, what he was doing was way more effective than going for to door educating people, he was educating his children, educating the next generation on how to act in the face of racism and he showed them what was right from wrong. By teaching his kids these important lessons he is making sure that they pass their knowledge on to everyone else and that by doing that the next generation won’t be as ignorant as the previous one. Atticus didn’t have an insufficient response to racism; he just understood that he couldn’t change the town, but the children
For this assignment, I decided to do my film review on To Kill a Mockingbird (Mulligan, R., & Pakula, A. (Directors). (1962). To Kill a Mockingbird[Motion picture on VHS]. United States of America.) I have a personal connection to this film because it is one of my most beloved novels by Harper Lee. I have never watched the film so it was a nice experience to see the characters I have loved for years come to life just before my eyes. The film particularly focuses on a white family living in the South of the United States in the 1930s. The two siblings, Jem and Scout Finch, undergo major changes while experiencing evil and injustice in their small town of Maycomb. Jem and Scout’s father is named Atticus and he is a well-respected man in the town as well as being a lawyer.