Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Flaws in title IX in professional sports
Flaws in title IX in professional sports
Equal pay act of 1963 and title VII
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Flaws in title IX in professional sports
For the last four decades, the House of Congress has been crucial is putting in place quite a number of civil rights laws that aim at eliminating discrimination in all educational programs as well as all those activities that receive federal financing. The statutes include: Title VI (which prohibits race, national origin, color, and discrimination); Title IX of (Education Amendments of 1972 which seeks to ban sex discrimination in learning institutions); Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 that prohibits discrimination against disable people in public contexts: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which also forbids discrimination against disability); and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 that is meant to discourage ageism. These civil rights laws embodies a nation-wide commitment to end all forms of discrimination in the education system (Anderson & Cheslock, 2004). Such laws have been designed to assist in the delivery of the dream of the American forefathers, that all individuals, notwithstanding their age, race, color or religion should be given a chance to achieve their greatest potential. The above federal civil rights laws have managed to achieve a lot of positive results in the education system of America. They have also been pivotal in improving the availability of equal education opportunities for all Americans. In the past, there were so many barriers that were capable of preventing women, disabled people and the aged from the right to choose the career of education level they would wish to do so. However, this limitation seems to be easing as a result of these laws, the Title IX being one of them. It is very critical that all stakeholders work together towards ensuring that we ha... ... middle of paper ... ...ces Anderson, D. J., & Cheslock, J. J. (2004). Institutional Strategies To Achieve Gender Equity In Intercollegiate Athletics: Does Title IX Harm Male Athletes?. American Economic Review, 94(2), 307-311. Crawford, R. (2012). Pay for Play: A History of Big-Time Athletic Reform. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(10), 1499-1501. U.S Department of Labor. (n. d.). Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from http://www.dol.gov/oasam/regs/statutes/titleix.htm The Editorial Board. (2014, March 22). Pay for Play and Title IX. The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/opinion/sunday/pay-for-play-and-title-ix.html?_r=0 Sperber, M. (2011). Pay for Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform. Journal of American History, 98(2), 595-595.
Van Rheenen, Derek. "Exploitation in College Sports: Race, Revenue, and Educational Reward." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 48.5 (2013): 550-71. Print.
The proposal of payment toNCAA student-athletes has begun major conversations and arguments nationwide with people expressing their take on it. “This tension has been going on for years. It has gotten greater now because the magnitude of dollars has gotten really large” (NCAA). I am a student athlete at Nicholls State University and at first thought, I thought it would be a good idea to be able to be paid as a student-athlete.After much research however; I have come to many conclusions why the payment of athletes should not take place at the collegiate level.The payment of athletes is only for athletes at the professional level. They are experts at what they do whether it is Major League Baseball, Pro Basketball, Professional Football, or any other professional sport and they work for that franchise or company as an employee. The payment of NCAA college athletes will deteriorate the value of school to athletes, create contract disputes at both the college and professional level, kill recruiting of athletes, cause chaos over the payment of one sport versus another, and it will alter the principles set by the NCAA’s founder Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. Under Roosevelt and NCAA, athletes were put under the term of a “student-athlete” as an amateur. All student athletes who sign the NCAA papers to play college athletics agree to compete as an amateur athlete. The definition of an amateur is a person who “engages in a sport, study, or other activity for pleasure rather than for financial benefit or professional reasons” (Dictonary.com).
Since the 1972 conception of Title IX of the Education Amendments, the number of women participating in intercollegiate athletics has increased five-fold, from fewer than 30,000, to more 150,000 in 2001. However, more than 400 men’s athletics teams have been dismantled since Title IX, the law forbidding sex discrimination at institutions receiving federal funds, became law. Some would say this is due, in part, to Title IX enforcement standards like proportionality. Proportionality requires that an institution’s athletic population must be of an equal ratio to its general student body. Among some of the 400-plus teams dismantled by Title IX are several former Colorado State University teams including wrestling, baseball, gymnastics, men’s swimming and diving, and men’s tennis. CSU student athletes no longer sport the opportunity of participating in these activities at the NCAA Division I level, and the days of the student body rooting for their ram teams are gone, possibly forever. Now the search is on to find a solution to the problems associated with Title IX if, indeed, a solution is ultimately necessary.
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
Zimbalist, Andrew S. Unpaid Professionals: Commercialism And Conflict In Big-Time College Sports. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
Juliano’s evaluation that equality has still not been achieved. The displaying of the effectiveness of Title IX in harassment cases also provided another avenue for Title IX analysis. Juliano’s law review provides a different and yet valid insight into the history of Title IX and its effect on the landscape of education, especially the sporting world. The major differences between these law reviews are explicitly why I chose them. Going forward, it is important to understand that there are large amounts of varying opinions on this issue and these are two excellent examples. My choice of these two law reviews displays the broad range of opinions on this topic and how much relevance it still carries in today’s athletic landscape.
In college sports athletes perform on the big stage in front of thousands of people every week and receive no money for their performances. These athletes receive no money for their performance because it is made illegal by the NCAA for any student athlete to receive any type of reward for their performance. In the last five years there has been a heated debate on whether the NCCA should start paying college athletes. People responded to this situation with mixed views and opinions. The first reason that people have shown views against pay for play is because scholarships pay for college athlete’s school either fully or partially. Secondly people believe pay for play would create jealousy and hypocrisy on college campuses between administration, college students, and other civic workers. The first reason that people have been convinced about pay for play is overpaid college coaches who make millions for the little work they do. Next the NCCA, Colleges, and merchandisers profit millions off the athletes every week without any of that revenue given back to the athletes. Next people believe scholarships are ineffective or incomplete. Lastly people believe the corrupt system of the NCAA is a reason college athletes should be paid. The NCCA has proposed plans to enact a pay for play plan including adding a two thousand dollar stipend for student athletes but this has been on hold for now. In society for student athletes to succeed in college and college careers the NCCA must pay them.
On June 23, 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was signed into law by the President (20 U.S.C. Sections 1681-1688). The purpose was to protect people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities that receive Federal financial aid. Title IX states that “(n)o person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or subject to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance”. For years, many college sports fans only knew that Title IX existed because it promoted women’s sports, sometimes at the expense of men’s sports programs. While I am sure this would be a fascinating paper in itself, I would like to focus on the Office of Civil Rights expansion of Title IX in Colleges and Universities during the Obama Administration as a mechanism to curtail
Signed and passed in 1972 by President Richard Nixon, Title IX was adopted and gave women of various ages and race the opportunity to participate in sport as well as in education. It includes new sports and schooling by adding programs dedicated to women. Title IX provided equal or greater opportunity than men in both sports and education. It may have supported women in many ways, but does it harm men’s sports and education as well? In 1970 only 1 in 27 girls participated in high school sports, today that ratio is 1 in 3. Sports are a very important part of the American society and especially for men as well, but in the 1970’s things changed for women all thanks to Title IX.
“Athletes during the early and mid-1900’s were routinely recruited and paid to play and there were several instances where individuals representing the schools were not enrolled as students. There is one report of a Midwestern university using
Title IX is a piece of United States federal legislation designed to promote gender equality in federally funded educational programs. Though it has been best known for its effects on athletics, Title IX addresses a wide range of educational issues for both genders, including equality in access to higher education, career counseling, and funds and facilities; it also aims to protect students and faculty from sexual harassment.(Aliprandini)
In addition to the government, citizens across the nation do not support Title IX or consent education. As an employee of Clark's Title IX office I am uniquely positioned as a witness to the numerous advantages and successes of
As sports continue to evolve, so do all athletes, the one sport that comes to mind is Baseball. This game has stood the test of time over the years once consider to be a man only sport, has now become a sport that both men and women can play professionally. Major League Baseball was established in 1869 for 73 years the sport would stand alone as a male only sport. However, during the World War II young men were being drafted into the Armed services. Furthermore, with the war going Major League Parks across the United States were in danger collapsing. Philip K. Wrigley the chewing gum mogul, would task Chicago Cubs’ General Manager Ken Sells to head up the committee to come up with ideas to save the Major League Parks across the country. The committee recommended a girls’ softball league be established to offset the attendance of Major League Park attendance. Moreover, this idea would prove to be fruitful, this Softball League would grow into the All-American Girls Baseball League at the end of their1943 Softball season (Lesko J. 2005). Throughout this essay I will define Title IX and why it was created, provide a example of the impact Title IX has had on female sport participation and lastly as a sports leader what steps could I take to ensure compliance.
A growing interest in intercollegiate sports during the 1920s slowly gave rise to the power of the fledgling organization, and many were calling for the implementation of new rules to combat the commercialization of the field (Smith pp. 14). The NCAA slowly made ground in the 1930s but did not make significant progress until after World War II. The invention of the television, widespread use of home radios, spurred the NCAA to implement some rules to limit the market’s influence on the sports it governed (Smith pp. 14). A significant event which strengthened the organization’s power occurred in 1976 when the governing body obtained the authority to directly penalize schools for the actions of coaches, athletes, or administration (Smith pp.
With “pay for play,” fairness in college sports will cease to exist. Furthermore, extra compensation for college athletes will extinguish the nature of recruiting and cause conflicts between teammates over salaries. As citizens of a country where citizens fight for fairness and order, “pay for play” would go against the core values of Americans. To some, the NCAA and colleges making income off of athletes without extra compensation for the athletes is not fair to student-athletes, but lets not forget that college athletes receive education, the common key to success, for absolutely no cost. Since education is the main purpose of attending college, lets not allow high salaries to be the determining factor in the college decision-making process. Lets maintain the values of athletics that inspired student-athletes to begin playing in his or her youth years. Those values being the pure enjoyment and excitement of competition. Supporting “pay for play” is supporting unfairness in college athletics, corruption of college sports teams and recruiting, and annihilation of amateurism in college