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Title ix and its impact on society
Title ix and its impact on society
Title ix and its impact on society
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Title IX
Title IX was passed by the U.S. Congress on June 23, 1972, and signed by
President Richard M. Nixon on July 1, 1972. It is a civil rights law prohibiting discrimination in education programs and activities receiving federal funds. It was the first comprehensive federal law to prohibit sex discrimination against students and employees in these institutions. (U.S. Department of Education, 1997)
Title IX did much more than what the average mind thinks of when they hear the words: Title IX. I personally was interested in what people thought of when they heard this and did two simple interviews, one of my grandpa’s, a 73 year old man, and also interviewed my friend, Samm, who is a 19 year old female who just recently graduated high school. I asked each of them two simple questions: What is Title IX to you? And Has Title IX had an impact on your life? My grandpa responded with “Title IX is just a way women thought they could get some power in this country, when really we live in a country made for a man, always has been, always will be.” My friend Samm on the other hand said “Title IX has given this country a chance to get closer to the equality in living we have yearned for over a long period of time. If it wasn’t for Title IX I would not have the friends I do today because I got to know all of them through sports, something that Title IX has given me the opportunity to participate in.” Now realistically I did not get a straight-forward answer of the two questions I asked them, but I was able to see two totally different viewpoints on one single subject. I know I can not come to any overall conclusions just from interviewing two people, but I believe these two I interviewed did basically answer how people of their generation and gender would. Just as with any other problem we face today, the varying viewpoints make it very hard to come to a compromise that makes the majority of people happy.
After I interviewed both my grandfather and Samm, I was not going to leave them without giving them information on the topic, and both of them thanked me for the information, because they both said they had been misinformed on what exactly Title IX is. That brings me to a point. Do you know what Title IX is? To be honest before I started this research for this paper, I was always told it is how women got the right to play sports. Now given sports...
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Hildebrand et al. (2000). Knowing and serving diverse families (2nd Ed.) Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice-Hall.
http://www.arbiteronline.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2002/05/13/3cdf2c0e3e023, “Title
IX hurts funding for men’s sports, January 16,2005.
http://www.savetitleix.com/overview.html, “Save Title IX,” February 3, 2005.
http://www.sbjackson.com/portfolio/titleixdraft.doc), “The future of Title IX,”
January 16, .2005
http://www2.edc.org/WomensEquity/resource/title9/before.htm, “Title IX before &
after,”February 12, 2005.
http://www.nationalreview.com/coment/comment-gavora061102.asp, “Title IX Quota
Creep,” February 22, 2005.
http://www.cnn.com/US/9907/12/title.is/index.html, “World Cup win also a victory for
Title IX,” January 27, 2005.
http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/aboutRE.html, “About Title IX,” February 22, 2005.
http://www.ed.gov/pubs/TitleIX/index.html, “Title IX: 25 Years of Progress,” February
17, 2005.
Unknown Author (June 2002) Title IX Facts Everyone Should Know
Retrieved February 1, 2005 from the World Wide Web:
http://www.womernssportsfoundation.org/cgibin/iowa/issues/geena/article.html?record=862
Arizona State University (ASU) should add a Division 1 men’s soccer team. As of right now ASU’s most competitive soccer team is a club team. There is only one reason ASU has no men’s soccer association and this is because they have to comply with Title IX ruling.
President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order, 1981. On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman orders the desegregation of the Armed Forces by Executive Order 9981. Prior to Harry Truman passing the Executive Order 9981 on February 2, 1948 he asked Congress to create a permanent FEPC, and in December 1946, he appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the President's Commission on Civil Rights, which would recommend "more adequate means and procedures for the protection of the civil rights of the people of the United States." The Commission noted the many restrictions on blacks, and urged that each person, regardless of race, color or national origin, should have access to equal opportunity in securing education, decent housing and jobs. Harry Truman sent a special message to Congress on February 2, 1948 calling for prompt implementation of the Commission's recommendations.
The impact left in this case, Jackson vs. Board of Education (2005), has been an issue that?s gone on for decades. It is a more recent encounter that shows it still exists in modern day. In Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education (1999) and Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) these cases both enforce Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 such as Jackson vs. Board of Education (2005). Rights to equal protection began in Brown vs. Board of Education (1954). This case left a huge impact on equal rights against sexual discrimination, discussing the importance of the 14th
The second stage consisted of conducting an interview, via email, with the college’s Vice-President of HR, Dr. Deitra C. Payne. The interview questions and Dr. Payne’s responses were as follows:
Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act and the Women’s Educational Equity Act of 1974 prohibited discrimination against women in federally aided education programs. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which improved opportunities for a group of children who had previously lacked full access to a quality education.
Title IX is a law that was made by the NCAA in 1972, that states that there can be no discrimination or exclusion of a gender through athletics or education. (Mankiller). Which means that men's sports cannot be favored over women's sports. Many people are very cognizant of this law. For example, if a school has $100,000, the school must spend the money equally between the athletics of each gender, even if there are more men's sports teams. They must get the same treatment. That may sound great, but Title IX has impacted men's athletics significantly. Although Title IX has been a valuable way to establish gender equality, the NCAA loses money, puts men out of scholarships, abolishes smaller men’s sports teams, and it should be
Although Title IX states than, "no person in the United States, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to any discrimination..." it does not guarantee that people will carry this out. After the issuing of Title IX, many women in sports wished to step forward and be recognized. Part of the recognition they wanted was to be included in National Sports Associations like the men's National Basketball Association. Eventually their cries were heard, and sports associations like the NBA agreed to merge and include women. Becoming included was an eye opening experience to many of these women and they have faced (and still do) doubts and discrimination from the public, but along the way they have also reaped benefits they would not have if the merger had never taken place.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed soon after the milestone March on Washington. In the largest march ever held in the United States, people of all races and colors gathered together to show legislature that racism would no longer be acceptable in society. Title VII, the section which deals with discrimination in the workforce is one small part of the larger piece of legislation. Title VII, of the Civil Rights Act, quickly became the most important arbiter of rights under the new law (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2001). The workforce has drastically changed since the passage of the act. Women and minorities are engaged in employment now more than ever. With the passage of Title VII, the door was opened to prohibiting job discrimination and creating fairness in employment (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2001). Soon after, protection against discrimination based on age and disability was provided.
Salant, Jonathan D. “NCAA president opposes changes to Title IX anti-discrimination law.” Washington Dateline 4 Mar. 2003: Sports 1.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities which receive Federal financial assistance. This had a significant impact on women’s sports on all levels. “These programs and activities may include, but are not limited to: admissions, recruitment, financial aid, academic programs, student treatment and services, counseling and guidance, discipline, classroom assignment, grading, vocational education, recreation, physical education, athletics, housing and employment.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) If any person wants to file a complaint of an alleged discrimination, they must go to the Office for Civil Right within 180 days of the incident.
These amendments ensure that everyone who wants an education is treated equally, no matter what race or gender, to create opportunities for everyone. Most important of those amendments is Title IX. 1. What is the difference between a. and a. It states that; “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of gender, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title IX applies to all educational institutions, both public and private, that receive federal funds.
Title IX has drastically changed the lives and the quality of the lives of women. The law deals with schooling and sports, but the reach of it extends much further. Women are not told that they are equal, and then receive unequal benefits anymore, and they have the same opportunity of education as men. Although Title IX is not the only reason for the status of women today, it helped greatly in the process.
In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act to end racial discrimination in employment, institutions like hospitals and schools, and privately owned public accommodations In 1965, congress returned suffrage to black southerners, by passing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Foner 926). In the case of Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional (Foner 951). Because of the civil rights movement in the sixties, minorities gained more rights than they had prior to the 1960s. While the 1960s were a time of advancement for minorities, it was also a time of advancement for women. In 1963, Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, which outlawed discrimination in the workplace based on a person’s gender (Foner 944).
It has taken many years for women to gain a semblance of equality in sports. Throughout history, women have been both excluded from playing sports and discriminated against in sports. Men’s sports have always dominated the college athletic field, but women were finally given a fighting chance after Title IX was passed. Title IX, among other things, requires scholarships to be equally proportioned between men and women’s sports. Although this was a huge gain for women, gender inequality still exists in sports today. An example of this persisting inequality can be seen when looking at men’s baseball and women’s softball. In college, baseball and softball are both major NCAA sports. It is widely accepted throughout today’s society that baseball is a man’s sport, and softball is a woman’s sport. Very few people question why the two sexes are separated into two different sports, or wonder why women play softball instead of baseball. Fewer people know that women have been essentially excluded from playing baseball for a long time. This paper will focus on why softball has not changed the way women’s basketball has, why women continue to play softball, the possibilities and dynamics of women playing baseball with and without men, and the most discriminating aspect of women being banned from playing professional baseball.
Winslow, Barbara. "The Historians Perspective of Title IX." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. 25 Mar. 2012. .