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Thurgood marshall changed society and an influence
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Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was born July 2, 1908 in Baltimore,MD. Thurgood Marshall was a descendant from slaves from both sides of his family. Thurgood also known as “Thoroughgood” was his original name but he shortened it to his known name Thurgood. Thurgood’s father William Marshall worked as a railroad porter, and his mother Norma worked as teacher. As a young boy Thurgood’s mother and father instilled in him an appreciation for the U.S. Constitution and the Rule of law. Marshall went to Henry Highland Garnet School as a kid then, attended at Frederick Douglass High School, and was placed in a class with really smart kids. Marshall graduated in 1925 with a B-grade average, Marshall placed …show more content…
Marshall was not taking his studies serious and got suspended twice for hazing and pranks against fellow classmates. In his freshman year he opposed the integration of African-American professors at the university. Hughes later described Marshall as “ Rough and ready, loud and wrong”. In his second year Marshall participated in a sit-in protest against segregation at a local movie theater. In that year, he was initiated as a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first fraternity founded by and for blacks. His marriage to Vivien Burey in September 1929 encouraged him to take his studies seriously, and he graduated from Lincoln with honors (cum laude) Bachelor of Arts in Humanities, with a major in American literature and philosophy. Thurgood’s law life was just as good as his early life. After graduating from law school, Marshall started a private law practice in Baltimore. Marshall began his 25-year affiliation with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1934 by representing the organization in the law school discrimination suit Murray v. Pearson. In 1936, Marshall became part of the national
Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967.
He had to change the university to enroll in a law school to be able to achieve his dream of becoming an attorney. He wanted to study law at the University of Maryland Law School, but this college did not admit blacks. For this reason, Thurgood had to undertake his legal studies at Howard Law School, which admitted black students being historically a black college. He would later graduate first in his law school class. Most importantly, Thurgood had spent two years out of law school, where he filed a petition against the University of Maryland Law School for refusing to accept blacks. He made a compelling case by persuading a judge to take a legal action against this university (Mintz & McNeil, 2016). This petition kick-started his law practice and gave him a platform to contribute to civil rights thus leaving an indelible mark in the field of criminal
Martin Luther King Jr. is a hero to many. He is a figure of importance because of his involvement in the civil rights, his power of persuasion, and his work toward equality. Marshall Frady is the author of Martin Luther King, Jr.- A Life, a biography about MLK. Frady was a TV and magazine writer, who spent most of his time with King in the 1960’s. Frady covered all the marches, speeches, and trials that accompanied the early years of the civil rights movement (Viking). He was an American journalist and author, mostly known for his work on the African American civil rights movement in the America South (Viking).
The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. had major impact on their goal to achieve equality between all races. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born Michael Luther King in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was one of three children born to Martin Luther King Sr., pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Alberta King, a former schoolteacher. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker who stayed occupied with the family’s eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. King attended segregated local public grammar schools in Georgia and graduated from high school at the age of fifteen after being skipped two grade levels. King then enrolled in Morehouse University in 1944 and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in sociology. He furthered his education after Morehouse at Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania and at Boston University, earning his doctorate. X attended reform school in Michigan after the death of his father. Malcolm dropped out of school after graduating from junior high school at the top of his class.
Justice Clarence Thomas was born in June 1948 and grew up in Georgia. He graduated at Yale Law School and served as the Assistant Attorney General in Missouri, practicing law in the private sector. In 1981 he was appointed Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education one year later, Justice Thomas was appointed Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by President Ronald Reagan. By 1991 Justice Thomas was nominated by Bush to fill Thurgood Marshall’s seat on the United States Supreme Court.
Thurgood Marshall overcame discrimination by his dreams of going into the law field despite the racism surrounding him at that time. “Thurgood Marshall, the great-grandson of a slave, grew up in the South and experienced racism and discrimination firsthand” (Hitzeroth and Leon 9). Since he was raised in the South, a more racist part of the country, he was already experiencing racism at a young age. He could not shop in the same store, sit in the same section of the bus, or attend the same schools as white children and white people in general (Hitzeroth and Leon 9-10). Also, he was a cum laude honors student, but he was denied admission to the University Of Maryland Law School because of the color of his skin (Hitzeroth and Leon 10). Despite all of these events, he still chose to pursue a career in law. Part of this could be because his father taught him to respect the U.S. Constitution and the authority of law (Thurgood Marshall Biography). Also, “author John Egerton wrote in his book Speak Now Against the Day, ‘In courtrooms, black lawyers were exceedingly...
Thurgood Marshall was known in the NAACP’s Legal Defense as “Mr. Civil Rights,” because he fought many battles over segregation in the courts. Thurgood Marshall was surrounded by a team of brilliant lawyers, one in particular, Oliver Hill, from Virginia. Mr. Hill won many civil rights suits dealing with discrimination in education and wages. The civil rights movement included different groups with many priorities, all working toward the larger goal of social equality. The most highly educational law suit is Brown v. Board of Education. Oliver Brown sued the Topeka, Kansas, Board of Education to simply allow his own 8 year old daughter Linda attend a nearby school for whites only. Imagine every day walking by a school that have your grade level, riding a bus for miles to attend a school where only students of color must attend. On May 17, 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, and this is when the Supreme Court issued its historic ruling. It was Thurgood Marshall that spoke to reporters in New York City in 1955, after the Supreme Court ordered the desegregation of public schools. Marshall later became the first African American Supreme Court
Hannon, Michael. "Clarence Darrow - Timeline of His Life and Legal Career." University of Minnesota Law Library, n.d.
Three significant life experiences helped to build Marshall 's political principles and had an influence over his judicial career: the
John Marshall was born on September 24, 1755 in prince William County, Virginia. His father moved the family from there before john was ten to a valley in the Blue Ridge Mountains, about 30 miles away. Unlike most frontier dwellings, the home Thomas Marshall built was of frame construction rather than log and was one and a half story. Both parents, while not formally educated, were considered adequately educated for the ties and could read and write. They held a significant social, religious, and political status in the newly formed Fauquir County area. Books were difficult to obtain on the frontier and quite expensive. But it is known that the Marshall home had a bible, almost for certain Shakespeare and Dryden, and definitely Pope who John Marshall said he had copied every word of the "Essay on Man" and other Moral essays and had memorized many of the more interesting passages by the time he was twelve. It is likely that Thomas Marshall was allowed access to Lord Fairfax's library just as his good friend, George Washington, was. And, of course, Washington had a library. Books, while relatively scarce, were available to John. His very evident love of poetry and literature was seen in his later life.
During the years the Supreme Court has gone through some changes of its’ own. While Chief Justice Earl Warren was there the first African-American Justice was named to the court: Thurgood Marshall. Chief Justice Warren’s leadership marked a force in social issues. Along the lines of desegregation, election reform and the rights of defendants.
After the Plessy vs Ferguson verdict a lot of civil rights activists were outraged. A prominent African American group rose and fought against racial discrimination. The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) fought against many different racial cases. For example, George McLaurin was accepted to a doctrine program at the University of Oklahoma("HISTORY OF BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION") . However, McLaurin was asked by the University that he had to sit apart from the class and eat at a separate time than the whites. McLaurin was confused about this and hired Thurgood Marshall from the NAACP to help him defend his rights. Thurgood Marshall fought for McLaurin...
The notion that Thomas Jefferson had a revelation in 1819 and suddenly subscribed to the idea of “dissemination” is utterly false. Regardless, this belief is as widespread as it is erroneous. The few laymen who are aware that there was a revolution in Haiti and have made the connection between the insurrection and the Louisiana Purchase fail to realize the underlying motives of Thomas Jefferson. Historians too have been blind to the nuanced indicators that prove Jefferson’s true motives behind his Haitian, Louisiana Territory, and slave trade policies. They uniformly insist that his support for diffusion began nearly thirty years after it actually did. Thomas Jefferson’s conviction that slavery could only be ended with the employment of dissemination can be traced back to the 1790’s by a careful reexamination of his policies as president. The compilation of Jefferson’s exerted influence in Haiti, his purchase of the Louisiana territory, and his discrete avocation for the extension of slavery clearly indicate that he was attempting to end slavery by diffusion as early as 1801.
Bethel’s life changed when he became only fourteen years old. At fourteen he watched 27-year-old attorney Thurgood Marshall defend a young black accused of murder in Hugo, Oklahoma. Marshall was able to reduce the young man’s sentence from death to life in prison. Marshall became Bethel’s idol. Marshall was a main reason Bethel dreamed on becoming a civil rights lawyer. Another reason for his dream was his son, Jesse Jr.. Bethel first began his college career at Tillotson College in Austin, Texas majoring in pre-law on a scholarship. This all changed when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and the United States entered World War II. Bethel read on a bulletin board that Mare Island needed chemists. This made Bethel switch his major from pre-law to chemistry.
The success of Civil Right Movement in the 1960s turned a new historical chapter for African Americans to be protected equally by the law. In this progress against discrimination and racial segregation, there were numerous significant contributions by individuals such as Martin Luther King, Charles K. Steele, Fred L. Shuttlesworth, etc.; also the institutions and communities like Historically Black Colleges and universities (HBCUs). Eventhough Texas Southern University (TSU) has encountered vast difficulties in their progress of establishment and development, they have affirmed the rights, the value and the voice of African Americans because