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Evolution of US political parties
Evolution of US political parties
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During 1801 and 1817, the Jeffersonian Republicans changed from a strict construction to a broad construction like the Federalists and the Federalist changed from a broad construction to a strict construction because of the Embargo Act, Louisiana purchase and War of 1812. The Embargo Act of 1807 made all exports from the United States illegal because Jefferson wanted Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars. Thomas Jefferson wanted to avoid war, but instead it was a costly failure because many people started to smuggle goods through Canada. He went against his beliefs by demonstrating violation of individual liberties and the federal government's power over the people and the states. A few days before Jefferson’s presidency ended Congress passed the Non-Intercourse Act, which enabled lifted all embargoes o n American ships except for those bound for British or French ports.
During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, he purchased Louisiana for 15 million dollars from France in order to double America's size. This went against Jefferson’s believes because he believed that the government only had the rights specifically
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trade. The Democratic-Republicans were in favor of the war because they thought they would gain more support from the citizens and weaken the Federalist. The Federalist opposed the war because they view the British as an ally and if the U.S. then the citizens would support the Democratic-Republicans. At the Hartford Convention, the Federalists discussed discussed removing the three-fifths compromise, requiring a two-thirds majority in Congress for the admission of new states and laws restricting trade. The Federalists wanted an amendment passed to take away power from the Congress on the involvement of foreign trade. The Federalists acted as Democratic Republicans by wanting a weak central government and smaller
The Revolution of 1800 was a turning point for American politics as power peacefully transitioned from the federalist party to the democratic-republican party when Thomas Jefferson, a democratic republican, won the election against John Adams. Adams lost the election because his support decreased after he went against his party’s advice to go to war with France. The French revolution created another divide between federalists and democratic-republicans as the federalists sided with the British and the democratic republicans sided with the French. Along with differences about the French Revolution, the Federalist party had opposing ideas of a strong central government, loose construction of the Constitution, and support of a market economy compared to the democratic republicans who supported strong state
The Jeffersonian-Republicans (also known as the Democratic-Republicans) were opposed to the Federalists from before 1801-1817. Leaders Thomas Jefferson and James Madison created the party in order to oppose the economic and foreign policies of Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party. The Democratic-Republicans supported the French, whereas the Federalists supported the British. Each party had its set of views. The Federalists supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution, a strong central government, high tariffs, a navy, military spending, a national debt, and a national bank (all ideas of the Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton). The Democratic-Republicans opposed all of the said ideas and fought for states' rights and the citizens to govern the nation. Originally, each of these parties stuck to their own views and ideas, but eventually would accept eachother's views and use them as their own.
result of this purchase, the U.S. population was able to expand and increase. The Federalist favored the sale of large land parcels to wealthy speculators instead of small parcel sales to farmers and contributed to the inflation of land values. Federalists were in control so they could determine anything that they wanted as far as the land goes. Thomas Jefferson was aloud to spend 10 million dollars on the Louisiana Purchase. However, he spent 15 million dollars putting the US in a 5 million dollar debt. “In a government which is founded by the people, who possess exclusively th...
Although Jefferson did not originally agree with presidents having power to expand the nation by purchasing land, he did end up expanding west with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. The Purchase showed Jefferson at his most hypocritical. Bothered by the extra Constitutional nature of what he had done, he considered authorizing an amendment until Treasury secretary Albert Gallatin and others persuaded him that the power to acquire territory was implied by the power to make treaties (Kauffman). Because the Constitution does not allow the president the power to purchase foreign territory, Jefferson initially recommended that the administration propose a constitutional amendment that would allow him to obtain Louisiana while still maintaining his strict constructionist principles (Kauffman). Even though creating this amendment would make it seem as if he were not changing is views of the Constitution, it also represents how he would be taking advantage of his power in order to change the Constitution of his own benefit. If this amendment were passed, Jefferson could make the purchase without changing his strict interpretation of ...
Unlike the Federalists, who were broad constructionists, Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists. With respect to the federal Constitution, Jeffersonian Republicans are for the “strict” interpretation of the Constitution, while the Federalist Party and its supporters are in favor of the “loose” interpretation. However, during the period of 1801-1817, this characterization of Jefferson’s and Madison’s views began to differ. The Democrat Republicans almost switched their roles with the Federalists.
Before 1801, the Jeffersonian Republicans were usually strict constructionists of the constitution. However during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison they had to adopt some Federalist ideas. In many instances, the two parties completely interchanged their views on the construction of the constitution. During that period of time it was difficult to characterize anyone as a member of either the Federalist or Republican party based on how they interpreted the constitution.
From the inception of the Federalist Party founded by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic Republican Party spear headed by Thomas Jefferson, both parties had rarely discovered common ground on an issue that they could agree upon. Hamilton and his Federalist Party believed in a strong National Bank, a strong army and navy, and that the Articles of Confederation were weak and should be eliminated. The Republicans believed the opposite. They argued that the strong national government would limit democracy and limit the powers that states could have. The Federalists ideas were supported by urban citizens because of the economic stance that the party took which would benefit the industrial growth of the United States. The rural inhabitants were the main supporters of the Anti-Federalists due to the parties backing of an agrarian nation. Ha...
As the country grows and matures into a great nation, people realize that change is inevitable and sometimes even needed. Within the time period of 1802 to 1817, many Jeffersonian Republicans realized that their ideals and principles weren’t always best for the nation. That is why they adopted some of the ideals of the old Federalist Party. Also, during this time, the Federalists died out. As realized after the Hartford Convention, the nation did not need nor want the Federalists anymore if the Democratic Republicans could get the job done. Although people changed a great deal during this time, it seemed to be beneficial to the nation. If people had not grown and never continued to learn and aspire to what is needed, then we may have never gotten to this great nation that the United States of America is today.
John Adams was the last Federalist president which led to the next 16 years of Thomas Jefferson as president for two terms and James Madison as president for two terms. Jefferson and Madison were members of the Republican Party, which had principles and philosophies that were very different than the views of the Federalists. Jefferson and Madison each abandoned the Republican philosophies for Federalism. Jefferson and Madison took on Federalist views while being President of the United States. However, Jefferson and Madison each picked somewhere to stand their ground and keep some of their Republican views.
Though initially his decision was criticized, Thomas Jefferson 's pursuit of the Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, as well as impacted the economy, religion, and race of the nation.
Throughout the period dating from 1801 to 1817, the United States government was primarily controlled by the Jeffersonian Republican party, whereas the Federalist Party began to slowly fade away from public view. The Jeffersonian Republican party, led by Thomas Jefferson, professed to favor a weak central government through the support of more states' rights, "...that the states are independent... to...themselves...and united as to everything respecting foreign nations." (Document A). The Federalists of the United States were known as the loose constructionists, where if there is something which the constitution does not state, then it should be allowed to be done. The Jeffersonian Republicans were known as strict constructionists for their views towards the constitution that if there is anything that is not in the constitution, then it cannot be done. The Jeffersonian Republican party centered many of their political moves on the basis of creating a strong agricultural society with a weakly centralized government where each of the states have more rights to govern themselves, where the Federalist party believed more strongly on industrializing the nation and creating a strong central government. Even though strict constructionism was the idea behind the Jeffersonian Republican party, both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison both have evidence against them which can prove that they were not strict constructionists. This is based on different political moves made by these two presidents which are more towards the Federalist side of things opposed to their own Republican and strict constructionist ideas.
Perhaps the greatest advantage of buying the Louisiana territory was avoiding a potential war with France. Jefferson had originally wanted to peacefully acquire the land from the declining Spanish empire, but a plan of peaceful waiting was disrupted by the prospect of having “much more powerful France … as a next-door neighbor” (http://www.monticello.org). Once France took over the territory, Jefferson knew he had to act quickly and with “action more visible than diplomatic maneuvering”, so he quickly sent Robert Livingston, and later James Monroe to France, initially only to bargain for the purchase of the port city New Orleans (http://www.monticello.org) (http://www.presidentprofiles.com). However, France’s problems regarding North American colonization continued to mount: the French army was unable to put down a slave uprising in Hispaniola, and the French were at war with the British (http://www.encyclopedia.com). Realizing that his dreams of American colonization were over, and that he needed money to fund his war, Napoleon, realizing the “futility of his plan” authorized a fifteen million dollar counter-offer to the U.S offer to buy New Orleans for two million (http://www.encyclopedia.com). Realizing that there would not be a better time, or offer, Jefferson signed the treaty and “Congress quickly approved the purchase”, taking advantage of the French misfortune to double the size of the U.S (http://www.encyclopedia.com). The deal appealed to Jefferson, who would rather acquire the territory through peaceful means than “through fifty thousand men” and a costly war (James Jackson to the Senate). Senator James Jackson used arguments like these to convince the wary members of the senate that “seem[ed] to be displeased” that the Purchase of Louisiana came “peaceably and at probably ten times less expense than… forcible
In 1803 the United States would make the largest and possibly most controversial land purchases in American history, the Louisiana Purchase. During the years leading up to this event the United States was still trying to solidify a national identity. There were two subjects that were causing for division of the new national identity, one being westward expansion. The Northern states and Federalists opposed the idea of westward expansion while the Southern States and the Jeffersonians backed this purchase. Although there was a struggle for a single national identity and this controversial purchase did not aid in finding that single identity, it was still the right decision for the United States. By purchasing this land from the French the United States would not share a colonial boundary with the French who were continuing to gain power under Napoleon. Purchasing the Louisiana Territory would prove to be beneficial for the United States for more reason than one.
Jefferson’s beliefs in local self government created differences between himself and Alexander Hamilton which created the Federalists (Hamilton followers) and the Democrat Republican’s (Jefferson followers).
The Democratic-Republican party was the absolute opposite. Jefferson supported the small farmers and small businesses, the common man. He believed that these people were the future of America. His party based their views of government after the French Revolution. Most of