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Fate in literature
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The theme of fate is hugely important in Virgil’s epic The Aeneid. Fate, to Virgil’s Roman audience, is a divine, religious principle, one that even the powers of the gods cannot change. The fate of the Trojans finding a new city in Italy is repeated throughout the epic. From the souls of future Roman heroes in the underworld to the images of Roman history on Aeneas’ shield, these suggest that the Trojans are successful. While it is true that they reach Italy and find Rome, the moral of the story is them overcoming their hardships. Fate may determine that the Trojans will found a city in Italy, but it doesn't specify how they end up doing it. While the destination is certain, the direction toward the destination is in question with the choices made and the influence the gods have over the nature around them. However, the Trojans’ sufferings and glories over the course of the epic simply postpone their unchangeable fate.
Aeneas if fated to find the city of Rome and nothing can stop him from doing so. “He came to Italy by destiny…Till he could found a city and bring home/His gods to La...
The idea that one’s destiny is already determined is both comforting yet brings dismay because it leaves a feeling of powerlessness which is fine for the lazy but painful for the proactive. This idea is surely a failure among principles but even so the role of fate is not completely limited to these terms and ideas. Fate in the book was seen more as a mission that Aeneas had in life, and it would only happen on his obedience to his tasks. This type of belief that “actions determine fate” is actually quite healthy for a society to follow. During Aeneas’ journey there were several times that he faced difficult temptations that tested his obedience
... prominent source of his weighty troubles. They are helpless to withstand the gods, restrain Aeneas from advancing towards Italy, and burn at women’s torches. Yet, his ships are invaluable to the overall success of his journey and the expression of his character. Aeneas is a ship, chugging toward western shores and providing refuge for his people. However, this extended analogy has greater importance to Virgil and the rest of human society. After the destruction of Troy, Aeneas has no country to protect or call his home. The cargo and soldiers aboard his ships are the remnants of his past civilization, but they are also the seeds for a new empire. Aeneas, just as his ships, is the invaluable carrier and protector of one of the greatest empires in all of human history – Rome.
"I sing of warfare and a man at war…Till he could found a city…the high walls of Rome." (Book I, 1-12) There can be no dispute that the Aeneid is an account of the history of Rome. There are several items which with Virgil links the story of Aeneas to the Rome of his time period. Probably the most obvious of these is the surplus of predictions concerning Rome’...
In Virgil’s The Aeneid, there are many parallels found in Homer’s The Odyssey. In each epic, the heroes, Aeneas and Odysseus, are on a journey “home.” Aeneas is on the search of a new home for he and his companions to settle since Troy has been destroyed, Odysseus on the other hand is attempting to return to his home he left years earlier to fight the Trojan War. They both have Gods against them and helping them, both Aeneas and Odysseus are both held back by women, both voluntary and involuntarily, and they both have experiences visiting the Underworld. Despite these similarities, there are differences between the two characters and it reflects their values and the society they live in. Aeneas relies on his strength as a warrior, where as Odysseus uses his deception to survive which reflects how Aeneas is truly Roman is versus Greek.
Fate has a place in the Greek world but its place is not the same as it is in other scenarios or worlds. It is important to understand the word before we discuss it. Fate as far as Greek mythology goes is not just fate. By most standards fate means that things occur for an unknown reason that no one has any control over. However, in the world of Greek Mythology fate does not just happen. The gods engineer fate and they interfere to make things happen that might not otherwise have happened. Since the players do not always know of the gods' involvement, things may actually appear to be fate but in reality be engineered happenings.
to Hades to visit his father. During his stay, he talks to a large number of
In Virgil’s poem, The Aeneid, a picture is painted of a very virtuous roman hero who remains pious and loyal to his people. This is the picture of Aeneas’ life. It is shown in the poem, that the costs that come with holding these virtues greatly outweigh the rewards. The rewards, although small, are on the inside of the hero and the costs are large and are on the outside. It is critical to follow your destiny no matter what it is, but that is a virtue that not only Roman heroes, but also all Romans must possess.
Aeneas’s journey to establish a new home was a difficult and arduous task. At every turn Juno was throwing another obstacle in his way, trying to prevent Rome from ever being established to save Carthage. Aeneas was dedicated to his mission, even with all of the trial and continued on. During his journey, Aeneas had to undergo a task that few heroes ever attempted. He had to travel to the underworld. Before Aeneas can depart from the Underworld to continue on his journey, he is shown a parade of his descendants, the future city of Rome and the outcome of his hard labor. He is shown Romulus, the founder of Rome; he is shown Ceasar Augustus, “who shall bring once again an Age of Gold” (6.1065); and many other famous Romans. Along with these great men, Aeneas is shown Marcellus, a youth cut down in his prime, his fate in the future. Aeneas is even told of upcoming battles his city will face and how to deal with them in the future. Once all this has been told to Aeneas he departs from the underworld. Of the two gates available to him, Aeneas makes an interesting choice and decides to leave through the gate of false dreams.
...he other, the gate of ivory, a perfect and glittering gate through which spirits send false dreams into the world. Rather than sending Aeneas through the easy exit, Virgil sends him through the gate of ivory. The only reason Anchises would escort Aeneas through a gate of “false dreams” is to evaluate Rome’s future. All of the glories that Anchises prophesied earlier were artifices because (and Virgil once again correlates passages) Rome will eventually be overcome with its desire for expansion and wealth and be destroyed. Therefore, it is easily established that Virgil simply was not only celebrating Rome to please the king, but to secretly critique it as well. Anyone who believes otherwise merely fails to assess the details that Virgil includes in his implications that Rome will eventually fall and its future is not as certain as the Roman people may believe.
... wife and home as well as his place in Carthage in the name of the gods, in the name of a quest that does not directly benefit him. From this pursuit, he does not stand to gain spoils, and the most that could be said of his fame would be drawn from his descendents. It is this moral stance, this understanding of universal placement, of purpose, that sets Aeneas apart from other heroes.
When discussing the fate of Aeneas, a thought provoking question is posed that is commonly debated. If Aeneas is commanded by fate, does he have free will? It is important to approach this question with a solid understand of fate. There are two common sides to the debate of whether Aeneas had free will or not. One view believes Aeneas had no choice but to follow his destiny because he was commanded by fate, and prophesied to found the race that will one day build Rome. The other side states Aeneas did indeed have free will, and even though his fate was set, room is available within his fate for events to change. One can argue Aeneas makes some of his own choices, but no particular detail of his life is untouched. Destiny determines that the Trojans will found a city in Italy, but it does not stipulate how that will happen. This is where room is left for free will. After much research and considering the views of many commentators and the proof they showed, the answer can simply be found by going back to the text of The Aeneid.
His actions following his dialogue with the priest demonstrate his tendency to engage in rash behavior, as he charges blindly into a battle that he was just told was pointless. Aeneas recalls that at the time, "...[Panthus] heaves a long-drawn breath: / ' 'Tis come, our fated day of death. / We have been Trojans: Troy has been: / She sat, but sits no more, a queen... Greece holds a city wrapt in flames....' So, stirred by Heaven and Orthys' son, / Forth into flames and spears I run..." (Virgil 307-308). Aeneas relates that Panthus informed him that Troy is facing its end as a city set aflame, and that its inhabitants have arrived at the day of their death, but these words served only to strengthen Aeneas's resolve and prompt him into the fray. Aeneas demonstrates his recklessness by charging into a battle immediately after being told the grim circumstances, which was a decision appropriate to the persona of a hero, but irrational nevertheless. His decision to enter the battle in the first place was the first indication of his character during the eventful fall of Troy, showcasing a person who values dramatic heroics over logic and forward thinking. His decision would contribute to the events that were yet to occur, and his behavior during such events would provide further insight into this aspect of his
An interesting and important aspect of this Greek notion of fate is the utter helplessness of the human players. No matter the choice made by the people involved in this tragedy, the gods have determined it and it is going to come to pass. T...
In the Aeneid, Virgil paints Dido as a woman of many things such as strong willed, heroic, independent, and determined. She was also considered to be Aeneas’s equal. So, why is it that a woman with many qualities; is quick to react out of anger? Dido characteristics show that she is a leader and she will get things done by any means, but she also possesses a lack of understanding when it comes to what love means. The story of Dido is an interesting one and I am sure many can relate too.
... attempts they do just the opposite. With Venus’ many interventions, Aeneas is prevented from making mistakes and is guided to his fate, from not killing Helen [book 2] to leaving behind the old and the weak for Italy [book 4] . He is shown enough times to be the puppet of their play: from obeying the will of the gods while enduring the wrath of other gods, all this in order to set the wheels in motion for the far off future Roman race. However, there are also times when he is also shown to be exerting his won free will. For example, in book 12, killing Turnus when he is begging for mercy, something not heroic and which Susanna Braund debates the positive and negative aspect of in her essay on Virgil and the Meaning of the Aeneid [1.17-18]. nonetheless, this act demonstrates that even the gods and the fates require his cooperation to fulfil his destiny.