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Reye's syndrome essay
Epidemiology of varicella zoster virus
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The Varicella-Zoster virus, is also referred to most commonly as Chickenpox, it’s a very contagious disease. (NCIRD, 2016). “Its genus is the Varicellovirus, and its species is the human Herpes virus.” (NCIRD, 2016, paragraph 1). A sign of this disease is a rash, which will cause discomfort and be very itchy. The rash will fill with fluid and turn into blisters, eventually progressing to scabs. The rash appears on the face, back, and chest, then spreads to the rest of the body. (Anonymous, 2016). The rash first appears as flat, small red spots. Blisters develop in clusters. (Alan, 2013). Further symptoms include fatigue, high fever, headache, stiff neck, extreme illness, very red and warm rashes and a loss of appetite. (NCIRD, 2016).
The Varicella-Zoster virus spreads by coming in contact with the particles coming from blisters of an infected patient. It also comes from tiny droplets that spread in the air after the patient breathes or talks. (NCIRD, 2016). This virus can be spread 1-2 days prior to getting the rash, until the blisters finally form which happens within 5-7 days. It takes about two weeks (between 10-21 days) following exposure around
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(NCIRD, 2016). They may need to take antiviral medications. (Anonymous, 2016). Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin is given to weaken immune system patients and newborns after exposure to Chickenpox. (Alan, 2013). Complications of this disease include bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues (Streptococcal infections), Pneumonia, Encephalitis, and Sepsis. (NCIRD, 2016) Aspirin cannot be used to treat Chickenpox, both combined can cause Reye’s Syndrome. This syndrome affects the blood, brain and liver of a patient who just recently had a viral disease. (Anonymous, 2016). When treating someone with Chickenpox, the healthcare team must be immune to this virus. (NCIRD,
Shingles, herpes zoster, is a very contagious and painful rash, or blister that appears on the skin. These rashes most commonly appear on the sides of the body in stripes. The stripes are made up of many very painful blisters caused by a certain type of virus. The varicella zoster, most commonly known as the chicken pox virus attacks the nerve roots in that area. The herpes zoster virus is in the herpes family, including HSV, herpes simple virus, which causes cold sores, fever blisters, and genital herpes. (WebMD, 2011) Most people are required to get the chicken pox shot when they are children although some do not. The chicken pox shot helps to keep out the virus by keeping it dormant in the nerves. The varicella zoster virus stays in a few cells; this is how shingles appear suddenly. It appears when the dormant cells become active in the later years of life.
But the virus had never been seen outside of Africa and the consequences of Having the virus in a busy suburb of Washington DC is too terrifying to contemplate. Theoretically, an airborne strain of Ebola could emerge and circle. the world in about six weeks. Ebola virus victims usually "crash and bleed," a. military term which literally means the virus attacks every organ of the body. and transforms every part of the body into a digested slime of virus particles.
Orthopoxvirus variola is the virus responsible for the well-known smallpox disease. It belongs to the Poxviridae family which is further split into the subfamilies Entomopoxivirinae which only affects insects, and Chordopoxivirinae which infects vertebrae (Hughes). It is in group one of the Baltimore Classification since it possesses double-stranded DNA. This group also includes viruses in the Herpesviridae family, certain bacteriophages, as well as the mimivirus. The linear genome consists of approximately 186 kb pair and, like all orthopoxviruses, is about 200 nm in diameter (Li; Riedel). Virus particles may be enveloped, but the majority will be nonenveloped when released from a lysed cell, ready and capable to affect another. Extracellular enveloped viruses evolve from their precursors intracellular enveloped virus and cell-associated enveloped virus and contain proteins that aid the virus in neutralizing host cell antibodies to enhance virus spread (Smith). Entrance into the host cell may be accomplished by fusion of endocytosis, contingent on the particular strain. Host cell cytoplasm is the site of poxvirus replication, therefore host nuclear enzymes are unavailable to the virus; to overcome this, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enters the host with the virus (Hughes).
Herpes. Herpes, a word that all of us know, something that gets made fun of by the raunchiest of comedians, a suggestion of a loose life style, a complex virus that was only recently seen as something to be feared since the early 1970’s for a target of money for pharmaceutical companies. Yet as common to be referenced by Shakespeare in Romeo and Juliet, and is a virus that is known worldwide, and almost every one has experienced in one-way or another.
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
Herpes Zoster (HZ), or Shingles, is a cutaneous disease, characterized by a unilateral, dermatomal, and often painful vesicular rash. Following the primary infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the virus remains latent in the dorsal or cranial sensory ganglia. The outbreak typically results from reactivation of latent VZV.1 Herpes zoster (HZ) arises years or decades after primary infection with VZV, which is known in clinical settings as varicella and, in many instances, as chicken pox.1 HZ is primarily a disease in older adults or individuals with a weakened immune system. VZV is responsible for an estimated four cases of herpes zoster infection per one thousand people per year, with approximately 50% of these cases affecting patients at least 50 years old.1, 2 The number of incidences tends to increase proportionally with advancing age. Approximately 10-20% of the United States population will develop HZ, and about 50% are predicted to develop HZ in their life by the time they are 85.1, 2 Even though the number of people in the United States who get chickenpox each year has declined dramatically due to vaccinations, clinicians need to be educated about preventative strategies along with the current treatment options. This paper addresses correlating signs and symptoms of HZ, as well as existing treatments of acute HZ and post-herpetic neuralgia. It outlines current treatment strategies, along with deficiency of newest drugs and procedure implementations.
Chicken pox, or Varicella-Zoster, lies dormant in a person’s cerebral ganglia or in the ganglia of the posterior nerve roots after the person has an outbreak. Typically the virus will remain dormant for the rest of the person’s life, without a reoccurrence. Although there are instances when the virus will “awaken” or become active again,...
Hepatitis A virus, until 1 week after onset of illness or as directed by the health department when passive immunoprophylaxis (currently, immune serum globulin) has been administered to appropriate children and staff and a licensed physician states in writing the child may
Valley fever cannot spread from person to person. Most people who are exposed to the fungus experience symptoms, but do not get sick. The signs—fever, cough, and exhaustion—are difficult to distinguish from the flu, and can last for weeks to months. In people with weakened immune systems, the infection can cause more severe conditions such as meningitis or death.
It was spread very slowly and less broadly than other viral illnesses which took a long time to identify the infection in the first two weeks. Infection of smallpox started to grow between 7 to 10 days when the scabs formed into bruises. The signs and symptoms of this disease include high fever, widespread rashes, redness, muscle pain, headache, common cold, vomiting, nausea and many more. Consequently, the virus was found in the bone marrow along with bloodstream in huge numbers. There are different types of the smallpox disease with other classifications.
These negative reactions can range from minor to life-threatening, and even death. One of the most common vaccinations is for chickenpox. Some of the many reactions known to occur with this vaccine include: fevers, allergic responses, deafness, convulsions, paralysis, death, learning disabilities, epilepsy, mental retardation, and behavior disorders (Neustaedtr 37). Another common and mandatory vaccine is for measles, mumps and rubella; also known as the MMR vaccine. The list of side effects for this vaccine includes: encephalitis, meningitis, autism, subacute sclerosin panencephali...
Chickenpox is a viral infection that causes an itchy, almost blister-like rash (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Chickenpox is highly contagious (Mayo Clinic, 2017). The Chickenpox virus occurs between 10 to 21 days after exposure to the infection (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Usually, the infection lasts 5 to 10 days (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Moreover, the Chickenpox rash goes through three phases: raised red bumps, fluid-filled blisters, and crusty scabs (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Papules, or raised red bumps, break out all over the body and last many days (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Small fluid-filled blisters, also known as vesicles, form after the papules, and eventually break and leak
In certain places, such as North America, yellow fever has been totally eliminated and the government suggests vaccination for the disease if a citizen is leaving the country. There are many symptoms of yellow fever, and they vary depending on the severity of the disease. Some of the symptoms are basically normal and would not lead the sufferer to believe that something was seriously wrong. The first symptoms, fever, headache, nausea, and backache are common and appear soon after a patient has contracted this disease, but as stated they are also the same symptoms of the common cold or flu.... ... middle of paper ...
Measles Measles is a highly contagious disease. It is caused by an RNA virus that changes constantly. Measles symptoms usually include a bad cough, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and a very high fever. Red patches with white grain like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth two to four days after the first symptoms show. These patches are called Koplik spots because Henry Koplick first noticed them in 1896.
It is noticed that science develops in splashes, each significantly advancing our understanding of the nature. The 19th century was the time of rapid development of microbiology. In the search for secrets of nature science has reached extremely high and low energies as well as large and small length scales. Still until recently we knew very little about one of the most complex aspects of life – microbes and infection. Now we are at the dawn of efflorescence in molecular biology, which provides an excellent basis for application into several areas of biology like cancer and virology . Revelations of molecular biology become extremely crucial, as they provide insights into the way molecules work.